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FIGURES 118–123 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 118–123. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (male unless stated). 118. C. tsacas sp. n. (♀ PT, South Africa, Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, BMSA). 119. C. gonzo sp. n. (PT, Nigeria, River Bagel, NMWC). 120. C. saheliense (N-T, Nigeria, Katsina, ZSM). 121. C. simile (N-T, Israel, Ne'ot Semadar, TAU). 122. C. bicuspis sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Salambala campsite, NMNW). 123. C. cimbebas sp. n. (HT, Namibia, Tsaobismund 85, NMNW). Not to scale.

FIGURES 112–117 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 112–117. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (all males). 112. C. angolense (PT, Angola, 10 mi. NE Sá da Bandeira [= Lubango], CAS). 113. C. campsiphallum (N-T, Cameroon, Limbe (shore), TAU). 114. C. freidberg sp. n. (PT, Malawi, Viphya Mnts., TAU). 115. C. hay sp. n. (PT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 116. C. quinquevittatum (N-T, Malawi, Viphya Mnts., TAU). 117. C. sao (N-T, Nigeria, Gadau, BMNH). Not to scale.

FIGURES 106–111 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 106–111. Head and thorax (lateral view) of Afrotropical Curtonotum spp. (male unless stated). 106. C. herrero (N- T, Namibia, Amkarub 269, NMNW). 107. C. maculiventris (N-T, [Zimbabwe], Chipinda Pools, BMNH). 108. C. striatifrons (LT, Chad, Bahr el Ghazal, BMNH). 109. C. marriott sp. n. (PT, Cameroon, Kriba (beach), TAU). 110. C. moffatt sp. n. (PT, Uganda, Mujenje, HNHM). 111. C. platyphallum (♀ N-T, Liberia, 8 mi. NW Zorzor, CAS). Not to scale.

FIGURES 73–86 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 73–86. Spermathecae of Curtonotidae. 73. Axinota fuscipennis (N-T, Gambia, Abuko, NMWC). 74. A. quasimodoi (PT, Tanzania, nr. Soni, TAU). 75. A. ahdabi (PT, Yemen, Ta'izz, NMWC). 76. A. obscuripes. 77. A. sarawakensis. 78. A. hyalipennis. 79. Curtonotum (s.s.) taeniatum (N-T, Peru, Madre de Dios, DEBU). 80. Tigrisomyia amnoni (PT, Tanzania, Gologolo Forest, TAU). 81. Cyrtona (s.l.) sp. n. 3 (N-T, South Africa, Benebos Forest, BMSA). 82. Cy. (s.l.) capensis (N-T, South Africa, Grahamstown, AMGS). 83. Cy. (s.s.) pictipennis (N-T, South Africa, Cathedral Peak, NMSA). 84. Cy. (s.s.) appendiculata (N-T, Kenya, Timboroa, TAU). 85. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 4 (N-T, Burundi, Parc National de la Kibira, BMSA). 86. Cy. (s.l.)? albomacula (N-T, Kenya, 30 km N Kakamega, TAU). Figs 73–75 after Kirk-Spriggs (2010a: 109, figs 25–27); Figs 76–78 after Delfinado (1969: 219, figs 19, 18, 21, respectively). Scale bars: 73–75 = 0.3 mm; 76–78 not to scale; 79–86 = 50 µm.

FIGURES 37–48 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 37–48. Wing of Curtonotidae (male unless stated). 37. Curtonotum (s.s.) taeniatum (PLT, Peru, Umahuankiali, MTD). 38. Axinota quasimodoi (PT, Cameroon, Fako, Liongo, DEI). 39. Axinota sp. n. nr. Apsinota sp. A of Delfinado (N-T, Borneo, Sabah, Danum Valley, NMWC). 40. Tigrisomyia amnoni (PT, Tanzania, Ngozi Crater, TAU). 41. Cyrtona (s.s.) pictipennis (N-T, South Africa, Giant's Castle, NMSA). 42. Cy. (s.s.) appendiculata (N-T, Malawi, North Nyika National Park, TAU). 43. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 3 (N-T, South Africa, below Sleepkloof hut, BMSA). 44. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 4 (♀ N-T, Burundi, Parc National de la Kibira, BMSA). 45. Cy. (s.l.) capensis (N-T, South Africa, Grahamstown, AMGS). 46. Cy. (s.l.) consobrina (N- T, South Africa, Plattenbergbaai [sic], MZLU). 47. Cy. (s.l.) albomacula (N-T, South Africa, near Pietermaritzburg, NMSA). 48. Parapsinota sublineata (N-T, South Africa, Weenen, BMNH). Not to scale.

FIGURES 1–6 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 1–6. Head and thorax (lateral) of Curtonotidae (male unless stated). 1. Curtonotum (s.s.) taeniatum (LT, Peru, Umahuankiali, MTD). 2. Axinota quasimodoi (N-T, DRC, Lieki village, BMSA). 3. A. pictiventris (♀ HT, [Indonesia], Java, Batavia [= Jakarta], RMNH). 4. Tigrisomyia amnoni (♀ PT, Tanzania, Gologolo Forest, TAU). 5. Cyrtona (s.s.) pictipennis (♀ N-T, South Africa, Highmoor Forestry Station, PPRI). 6. Cy. (s.s.) appendiculata (♀ N-T, Kenya, Timboroa, TAU). Not to scale.

FIGURES 87–99 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 87–99. Female postabdomen of Curtonotidae. 87. Axinota dissimilis (N-T, Bhutan, Gaylegphu, NMWC), ventral. 88. Same, lateral. 89. Tigrisomyia amnoni (PT, [Malawi], Zomba, NMSA), ventral. 90. Cyrtona (s.s.) appendiculata (N-T, Malawi, North Nyika National Park, TAU), ventral. 91. Same, lateral. 92. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 3 (N-T, South Africa, below Sleepkloof hut, BMSA), ventral. 93. Same, lateral. 94. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 4 (N-T, Burundi, Parc National de la Kibira, BMSA), ventral. 95. Same, lateral. 96. Cy. (s.l.) capensis (N-T, South Africa, Grahamstown, AMGS), ventral. 97. Same, lateral. 98. Cyrtona (s.l.) sp. (oviparous) (N-T, Kenya, 30 km N Kakamega forest, TAU), whole abdomen, ventral (setation omitted on segments 1–5). 99. Same, lateral. Scale bars = 87–97, 99: 0.5 mm; 98: 1 mm.

FIGURES 26–36 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 26–36. Right antenna of Curtonotidae (female unless stated). 26. Curtonotum (s.s.) taeniatum (PLT, Peru, Umahuankiali, MTD). 27. Axinota quasimodoi (♂ N-T, DRC, Bomane village, BMSA). 28. Tigrisomyia amnoni (PT, Tanzania, Gologolo Forest, TAU). 29. Cyrtona (s.s.) pictipennis (N-T, South Africa, Giant's Castle Game Reserve, NMSA). 30. Cy. (s.s.) appendiculata (N-T, Kenya, Timboroa, TAU). 31. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 3 (N-T, South Africa, Benebos Forest, BMSA). 32. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 4 (♂ N-T, Burundi, Parc National de la Kibira, BMSA). 33. Cy. (s.l.) capensis (N-T, South Africa, Grahamstown, AMGS). 34. Cy. (s.l.) consobrina (♂ N-T, South Africa, Du Toit's Kloof, NMSA). 35. Cy. (s.l.) albomacula (♂ N-T, South Africa, Vernon Crookes Nature Res., NMSA). 36. Parapsinota sublineata (N-T, South Africa, N. Drakensberg, HNHM). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 55–60 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 55–60. Male terminalia of Curtonotidae. 55–57. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 55. Tigrisomyia amnoni (HT, Tanzania, Gologolo Forest, TAU). 56. Cyrtona (s.s.) appendiculata (N-T, Malawi, North Nyika National Park, TAU). 57. Cy. (s.s.) pictipennis (N-T, South Africa, Giants Castle Reserve, NMSA). 58–60. Phallus (right lateral view). 58. T. amnoni (same). 59. Cy. (s.s.) appendiculata (same). 60. Cy. (s.s.) pictipennis (same) (Figs 55, 58 after Kirk-Spriggs 2010b: 133, figs 11, 14). Scale bars = 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 49–54 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 49–54. Male terminalia of Curtonotidae. 49–51. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 49. Curtonotum (s.s.) taeniatum (LT, Peru, Umahuankiali, MTD). 50. Axinota quasimodoi (HT, Tanzania, nr. Soni, TAU). 51. A. kyphosis (HT, Madagascar, 10 km W von Sakaraha, ZSM). 52–54. Phallus (right lateral view). 52. C. (s.s.) taeniatum (same). 53. A. quasimodoi (same). 54. A. kyphosis (same) (Figs 50, 51, 53, 54 after Kirk-Spriggs 2010a: 109, figs 18, 22, 20, 24). Scale bars: 49, 52 = 0.5 mm; 50–54 = 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 13–25 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 13–25. Frons of Curtonotidae (dorsal) (male unless stated). 13. Axinota quasimodoi (N-T, DRC, Bomane village, BMSA). 14. Same (♀). 15. A. kyphosis (HT, Madagascar, 10 km W von Sakaraha, ZSM). 16. Same (♀ PT, same). 17. Tigrisomyia amnoni (PT, Tanzania, Gologolo Forest, TAU). 18. Cyrtona (s.s.) pictipennis (♀ N-T, South Africa, Giant's Castle Game Reserve, NMSA). 19. Cy. (s.s.) appendiculata (♀ N-T, Kenya, Timboroa, TAU). 20. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 3 (♀ N-T, South Africa, Benebos Forest, BMSA). 21. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 4 (N-T, Burundi, Parc National de la Kibira, BMSA). 22. Cy. (s.l.) capensis (N-T, South Africa, Grahamstown, AMGS). 23. Cy. (s.l.) consobrina (N-T, South Africa, Du Toit's Kloof, NMSA). 24. Cy. (s.l.) albomacula (N-T, South Africa, Durban, BMNH). 25. Parapsinota sublineata (N-T, South Africa, Pietermaritzburg, NMSA). Not to scale.

FIGURES 67–72 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 67–72. Male terminalia of Curtonotidae. 67–69. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 67. Cyrtona (s.l.) consobrina (N-T, [South Africa], Wit River Valley, SANC). 68. Cy. (s.l.) albomacula (N-T, Kenya, 30 km N Kakamega (forest), TAU). 69. Parapsinota sublineata (N-T, DRC, P.N.U., Ganza, RMCA). 70–72. Phallus (right lateral view). 70. Cy. (s.l.) consobrina (same). 71. Cy. (s.l.) albomacula (same). 72. Parapsinota sublineata (same). Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 7–12 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 7–12. Head and thorax (lateral) of Curtonotidae (male unless stated). 7. Cyrtona (s.l.) sp. n. 3 (N-T, South Africa, Benebos Forest, BMSA). 8. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 4 (♀ N-T, Burundi, Parc National de la Kibira, BMSA). 9. Cy. (s.l.) capensis (♀ N- T, South Africa, Grahamstown, AMGS). 10. Cy. (s.l.) consobrina (N-T, South Africa, Clanwilliam road, NMSA). 11. Cy. (s.l.) albomacula (N-T, South Africa, Vernon Crookes Nature Reserve, NMSA). 12. Parapsinota sublineata (N-T, South Africa, Pietermaritzburg, NMSA). Not to scale.

FIGURES 61–66 in A revision of Afrotropical Quasimodo flies (Diptera: Schizophora; Curtonotidae). Part IV—the continental Afrotropical species of Curtonotum Macquart, with descriptions of thirteen new species and a combined phylogenetic analysis of the Curtonotidae

FIGURES 61–66. Male terminalia of Curtonotidae. 61–63. Hypandrium and epandrium (lateral view). 61. Cyrtona (s.l.) sp. n. 3 (N-T, South Africa, French Hoek, BMNH). 62. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 4 (N-T, Burundi, Parc National de la Kibira, BMSA). 63. Cy. (s.l.) capensis (N-T, South Africa, Grahamstown, AMGS). 64–66. Phallus (right lateral view). 64. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 3 (same). 65. Cy. (s.l.) sp. n. 4 (same). 66. Cy. (s.l.) capensis (same). Scale bars: 61, 64 = 0.3 mm; 62–66 = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 18. Ceratonereis singularis Treadwell, 1929. Non-type A–I in Revision of Ceratonereis Kinberg, 1865 recorded from the Caribbean Sea, with description of two new Ceratonereis species and a new combination of Platynereis Kinberg, 1865

FIGURE 18. Ceratonereis singularis Treadwell, 1929. Non-type A–I (AMNH 1950). A, chaetiger 7, right parapodium. B, chaetiger 14, right parapodium. C, chaetiger 17, right parapodium. D, chaetiger 30, right parapodium. E, chaetiger 48, right parapodium. F, chaetiger 63, right parapodium. G, left jaw, dorsal view. H, supra-acicular long-bossed heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 14. I, sub-acicular long-bossed heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 14. Scale bars: A–E, 0.2 mm; F, 0.1 mm; G, 0.5 mm; H, I, 10 µm.

FIGURE 14. Ceratonereis nancyae n in Revision of Ceratonereis Kinberg, 1865 recorded from the Caribbean Sea, with description of two new Ceratonereis species and a new combination of Platynereis Kinberg, 1865

FIGURE 14. Ceratonereis nancyae n. sp. Holotype A–E, K–O (ECOSUR 0248); paratype F–J, P, Q (ECOSUR 0249). A, chaetiger 2, left parapodium. B, chaetiger 8, left parapodium. C, chaetiger 17, left parapodium. D, chaetiger 39, left parapodium. E, chaetiger 57, left parapodium. F, chaetiger 2, right parapodium. G, chaetiger 3, right parapodium. H, chaetiger 10, right parapodium. I, chaetiger 25, right parapodium. J, chaetiger 44, right parapodium. K, notopodial short-bossed heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 39. L, notopodial short-bossed heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 60. M, sub-acicular long-bossed heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 2. N, supra-acicular long-bossed heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 39. O, sub-acicular long-bossed heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 39. P, sub-acicular long-bossed heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 57. Q, left jaw, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–E, 0.2 mm; F–J, 0.3 mm; K–P, 20 µm; Q, 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Revision of Ceratonereis Kinberg, 1865 recorded from the Caribbean Sea, with description of two new Ceratonereis species and a new combination of Platynereis Kinberg, 1865

FIGURE 8. Ceratonereis gracilis (Webster, 1884) reinst. Non-type female A (AMNH 556); non-type male B–J (AMNH 2538). A, whole specimen, dorsal view. B, whole specimen, dorsal view. C, anterior end, dorsal view. D, posterior end, dorsal view. E, chaetiger 2, right parapodium. F, chaetiger 7, right parapodium. G, chaetiger 17, right parapodium. H, chaetiger 32, right parapodium. I, chaetiger 41, right parapodium. J, chaetiger 66, right parapodium. Scale bars: A, B, 2 mm; C, D, 0.5 mm; E–H, 0.2 mm; I, J, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 21 in Revision of Ceratonereis Kinberg, 1865 recorded from the Caribbean Sea, with description of two new Ceratonereis species and a new combination of Platynereis Kinberg, 1865

FIGURE 21. Epitoky in Ceratonereis species. A, epitokal patterns recorded for Ceratonereis species: (1) Horst (1924), male with threadlike caudal region, female unknown; (2) Gravier & Dantan (1934), male with short, crowded chaetigers in caudal region, female with threadlike caudal region; (3) Fauvel (1939) and (4) Pamungkas & Glasby (2015), both male and female with threadlike caudal region; (5) Perkins (1980), both male and female with short, crowded chaetigers in caudal region. B, Hypotheses about the epitokal patterns recorded for Ceratonereis australis.

FIGURE 4. Ceratonereis mirabilis Kinberg, 1865. Non-types A–M in Revision of Ceratonereis Kinberg, 1865 recorded from the Caribbean Sea, with description of two new Ceratonereis species and a new combination of Platynereis Kinberg, 1865

FIGURE 4. Ceratonereis mirabilis Kinberg, 1865. Non-types A–M (MNHN A886). A, notopodial short-bossed heterogomph spiniger, chaetiger 23. B, notopodial heterogomph short-bossed falciger, chaetiger 23. C, notopodial short-bossed heterogomph falcigers, chaetiger 33. D, supra-acicular long-bossed heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 23. E, sub-acicular long-bossed heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 23. F, supra-acicular long-bossed heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 33. G, sub-acicular longbossed heterogomph falciger, chaetiger 33. H, left jaw, dorsal view. I, chaetiger 2, right parapodium. J, chaetiger 7, right parapodium. K, chaetiger 13, left parapodium. L, chaetiger 23, left parapodium. M, chaetiger 33, left parapodium (ventral cirrus incomplete). Scale bars: A–G, 10 µm; H–M, 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in Revision of Ceratonereis Kinberg, 1865 recorded from the Caribbean Sea, with description of two new Ceratonereis species and a new combination of Platynereis Kinberg, 1865

FIGURE 5. Ceratonereis gracilis (Webster, 1884) reinst. Syntypes of Nereis gracilis Webster, 1884 A, B (USNM 4787); non-type C, D (USNM 1490820), E–G (USNM 1490818), H (USNM 1490819). A, whole fragments, dorsal view. B, anterior end, dorsal view. C, pharynx, dorsal view (arrow tips point slightly lamelliform papillae in areas VI). D, pharynx, ventral view. E, anterior end, dorsal view. F, posterior end, dorsal view. G, whole specimen, dorsal view. H, anterior end, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, E, 1 mm; G, 2 mm; B–D, F, H, 0.5 mm.