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8,729 results for “Ranges”
Figure 3 in Range extension for Duttaphrynus kotagamai (Amphibia: Bufonidae) and a preliminary checklist of herpetofauna from the Uda Mäliboda Trail in Samanala Nature Reserve, Sri Lanka
Figure 3. Cascade habitat: shrub mixed with riverine forest patch.
Figure 2 in Range extension for Duttaphrynus kotagamai (Amphibia: Bufonidae) and a preliminary checklist of herpetofauna from the Uda Mäliboda Trail in Samanala Nature Reserve, Sri Lanka
Figure 2. View of forest in Uda Maliboda (larger water resource in the SNR).
Figure 1 in Range extension for Duttaphrynus kotagamai (Amphibia: Bufonidae) and a preliminary checklist of herpetofauna from the Uda Mäliboda Trail in Samanala Nature Reserve, Sri Lanka
Figure 1. Map of study area (sky view source: Google map).
Fig 2 in Range extension of buckler crab, Cryptopodia angulata (Decapoda: Brachyura: Parthenopidae) from Karwar coast (Arabian Sea), Karnataka, India
Fig 2: Cryptopodia angulata: dorsal view
Dataset of "Thermal Stability of Valuable Metals in Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials: Temperature Range 500-800 °C"
<p>Examination of the cathode part of a lithium-ion battery, which is composed of NMC spinel 622 (LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2), and investigation of its stability during annealing at temperatures ranging from 500-800 °C. Determination of valuable metals (Li, Ni, Mn and Co) after exposure to temperatures from 500 to 800 °C using ICP-OES analysis. The correlation between element stability and the temperature of PVDF release, a binder in cathodes, was demonstrated by DTA. SEM-EDS performed local chemical analysis. XRD characterised the crystalline structures of the original material and changes after annealing at 800 °C. This work builds on Part I, which focusses on the thermal stability of the material in lower temperature ranges. This research aimed to gain a deeper understanding of the pyrometallurgical aspect of the recycling process and identify the ideal annealing temperature for maximising the recovery of valuable metals. </p>
Figure 1 in New adult host records for three Buprestidae (Coleoptera) rarely encountered in the United States and significant extension of the known geographic range of Agrilus pilosicollis Fisher
Figure 1. Agrilus langei Obenberger ♂. a) Dorsal view. b) Ventral view. c) Lat-
Additional climate information for research paper «Ecological and Geographical Analysis of Distribution of Heracleum persicum, H. mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi on The Northern Limit of Its Invaded Range in Europe» submitted to Russian Journal of Biological Invasions
<p><strong>Additional climate information for research paper «Ecological and Geographical Analysis of Distribution of Heracleum persicum, H. mantegazzianum and H. sosnowskyi on The Northern Limit of Its Invaded Range in Europe» submitted to Russian Journal of Biological Invasions </strong></p>
Local climate adaptation and gene flow in the native range of two co-occurring fruit moths with contrasting invasiveness
<p><span class="fontstyle01"><span>Invasive species pose increasing threats to global biodiversity and ecosystems. While previous studies have characterized successful invaders from ecological traits, characteristics related to evolutionary processes have rarely been investigated. Here we compared gene flow and local adaptation using demographic analyses and outlier tests in two co-occurring moth pests across their common native range of China, one of which (the peach fruit moth, </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>Carposina</i></span></span> <span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>sasakii</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>) has maintained its native distribution, while the other (the oriental fruit moth, </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>Grapholita molesta</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>)</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span> has expanded its range globally during the past century. We found that both species showed a pattern of genetic differentiation and an evolutionary history consistent with a common southwestern origin and northward expansion in their native range. However, for the noninvasive species, genetic differentiation was closely aligned with the environment, and there was a relatively low level of gene flow, whereas in the invasive species, genetic differentiation was associated with geography. Genome scans </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>indicated stronger patterns of climate-associated loci</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span> in the noninvasive species. While s</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>trong local adaptation and reduced gene flow across its native range may have decreased the invasiveness of </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>C. sasakii</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>, this requires further validation with additional comparisons of invasive and non-invasive species across their native range.</span></span></p>
Contrasting patterns of phylogenetic diversity and alpine specialization across the alpine flora of the American mountain range system
<p>Although mountainous habitats contribute substantially to global biodiversity, comparatively little is known about biogeographic patterns of distributions of alpine species across multiple mountain ranges. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the distributions and phylogenetic affinities of alpine seed plant lineages across North, Central, and South American mountain systems. Using a comprehensive dataset that characterized the elevational niches of American seed plants in a continuously valued way, we were able to quantitatively investigate how the proportion of alpine habitat occupied by plants related to their biogeographic distributions at a regional scale and place these results in a phylogenetic context. We found alpine species diversity to be greatest in the central Andes and western North America, and that sites with lower phylogenetic diversity contained species with a greater degree of alpine specialization. In particular, near Arctic/ boreal alpine communities were characterized by low phylogenetic diversity and higher degrees of alpine specialization, whereas the opposite was observed for southern Patagonian communities. These results suggest that abiotic filtering alone in these climatically similar regions is unlikely to explain alpine community assembly. Nevertheless, the overall relative rarity of alpine specialists, and the tendency for such specialists to be most closely related to montane lineages, suggested that filtering was still an important factor in shaping alpine community structure. This work corroborates the importance of a nuanced and scale-dependent perspective on the 'history-filtering' debate axis, as both factors have likely contributed to modern biodiversity patterns observed in alpine plant communities across the Americas.</p>
Parental population range expansion before secondary contact promotes heterosis
<p>Population genomic analysis of hybrid zones is instrumental to our understanding of the evolution of reproductive isolation. Many temperate hybrid zones are formed by the secondary contact between two parental populations that have undergone post-glacial range expansion. Here we show that explicitly accounting for historical parental isolation followed by range expansion prior to secondary contact is fundamental for explaining genetic and fitness patterns in these hybrid zones. Specifically, ancestral population expansion can result in allele surfing where neutral or slightly deleterious mutations drift to high frequency at the expansion front. If these surfed deleterious alleles are recessive, they can contribute to substantial heterosis in hybrids produced at secondary contact, counteracting negative effects of Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities (BDMIs) hence weakening reproductive isolation. When BDMIs are linked to such recessive deleterious alleles the fitness benefit of introgression at these loci can facilitate introgression at the BDMIs. The extent to which this occurs depends on the strength of selection against the linked deleterious alleles and the distribution of recombination across the chromosome. Finally, surfing of neutral loci can alter the expected pattern of population ancestry, thus accounting for historical population expansion is necessary to develop accurate null genomic models of secondary-contact hybrid zones.</p>
Warm range margin of boreal bryophytes and lichens not directly limited by temperatures
<p>1. Species at their warm range margin are potentially threatened by higher temperatures, but may persist in microrefugia. Whether such microsites occur due to more suitable microclimate or due to lower biotic pressure from e.g. competitive species, is still not fully resolved.</p> <p>2. We examined whether boreal bryophytes and lichens show signs of direct climate limitation, i.e. whether they perform better in cold and/or humid microclimates at their warm range margin. We transplanted a moss, a liverwort, and a lichen to 58 boreal forest sites with different microclimates at the species' southern range margin in central Sweden. Species were grown in garden soil patches to control effects of competitive exclusion and soil quality. We followed the transplanted species over three growing seasons (2016-2018) and modelled growth and vitality for each species as a function of sub-canopy temperature, soil moisture, air humidity, and forest type. In 2018, we also recorded cover of other plants having re-colonized the garden soil patches and modelled this potential future competition with the same environmental variables plus litter.</p> <p>3. Species performance increased with warmer temperatures, which was often conditional on high soil moisture, and at sites with more conifers. Soil moisture had a positive effect, especially on the moss in the last year 2018, when the growing season was exceptionally hot and dry. The lichen was mostly affected by gastropod grazing. Recolonization of other plants was also faster at warmer and moister sites. The results indicate that competition, herbivory, shading leaf litter, and water scarcity might be more important than direct temperature for performance at the species' warm range margin.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. In a transplant experiment with three boreal understory species we did not find signs of direct temperature limitation towards the south. Forest microrefugia, i.e. habitats where these species could persist regional warming, may instead be sites with fewer competitors and enemies, and with sufficient moisture and more conifers in the overstory.</p>
Spatiotemporal analyses reveal infectious disease-driven selection in a free-ranging ungulate
<p>Infectious diseases play an important role in wildlife population dynamics by altering individual fitness, but detecting disease-driven natural selection in free-ranging populations is difficult due to complex disease-host relationships. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal infectious prion disease in cervids for which mutations in a single gene have been mechanistically linked to disease outcomes, providing a rare opportunity to study disease-driven selection in wildlife. In Wyoming, USA, CWD has gradually spread across mule deer (<i>Odocoileus hemionus</i>) populations, producing natural variation in disease history to evaluate selection pressure. We used spatial variation and a novel temporal comparison to investigate the relationship between CWD and a mutation at codon 225 of the mule deer prion protein gene that slows disease progression. We found that individuals with the "slow" 225F allele were less likely to test positive for CWD, and the 225F allele was more common in herds exposed to CWD longer. We also found that in the past two decades, the 225F allele frequency increased more in herds with higher CWD prevalence. This study expanded on previous research by analyzing spatiotemporal patterns of individual- and herd-based disease data to present multiple lines of evidence for disease-driven selection in free-ranging wildlife.</p>
Estimating migration of the cold-tolerant leaf beetle Gonioctena quinquepunctata inside a mountain range in a spatially explicit context
<p>The cold-tolerant leaf beetle <em>Gonioctena quinquepunctata</em> displays a large but fragmented European distribution and is restricted to mountain regions in the southern part of its range. Using a RAD-seq-generated large SNP data set (> 10,000 loci), we investigated the geographic distribution of genetic variation within the Vosges mountains, where the species is common. To translate this pattern of variation in an estimate of its capacity to disperse, we simulated SNP data under a spatially explicit model of population evolution and compared the simulated and real data with an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) approach. For this purpose, we propose a new SNP statistic summarizing genetic variation in a spatially explicit context. The estimated number of effective migrants inferred with this statistic was compared to that derived from a combination of standard population genetic statistics often used in population genetic analyses. We conducted this ABC analysis with a relatively low number of data points compared to traditional ABC analyses, because spatially explicit models require long simulation times. A test of our overall strategy was conducted with simulated data and showed that it could provide a good estimate of the level of dispersal of an organism over its continuous geographic range. We suggest that the lower number of explored data points were at least partially compensated by the much larger number of simulations per data point associated with a large SNP data set. The results of our analyses suggested that this insect disperses well within the Vosges mountains, much more than was initially expected given the current and probably past fragmentation of its habitat and given the results of previous studies on genetic variation in other mountain leaf beetles.</p>
Elevational range-sizes and edaphic associations for plant species of the Mount Kinabalu region of Borneo (Sabah, Malaysia)
<p>Identifying physical and ecological boundaries that limit where species can occur is important for predicting how those species will respond to global change. The island of Borneo encompasses a wide range of habitats that support some of the highest richness on Earth, making it an ideal location for investigating ecological mechanisms underlying broad patterns of species distribution. We tested variation in richness and range-size in relation to edaphic specialization and vegetation zone boundaries using 3060 plant species from 193 families centered around the elevational gradient of Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo. Across species, average range-size increased with elevation, consistent with Rapoport's rule. However, plants associated with ultramafic soil, which is low in nutrient and water availability and often has high concentrations of heavy metals, had larger range-sizes and greater richness than expected along the elevational gradient, as compared to a null model with randomization of edaphic association. In contrast, non-ultramafic species had smaller range-sizes and lower richness than expected. These results suggest that tolerance of resource limitation may be associated with wider range-sizes, whereas species intolerant of edaphic stress may have narrower range-sizes, possibly owing to more intense competition in favorable soil types. Using elevation as a predictor of average range-sizes, we found that piece-wise models with breakpoints at vegetation zone transitions explained species distributions better than models that did not incorporate ecological boundaries. The greatest relative increases in range-size with respect to elevation occurred mid-elevation, within the montane cloud forest vegetation zone. Expansion of average range-size across an area without physical boundaries may indicate a shift in ecological strategy and importance of biotic versus abiotic stressors. Our results indicate that elevational range-size patterns are structured by ecological constraints such as species' edaphic association, which may limit the ability of species to migrate up or down mountains in response to climate change.</p>
Pt‑40%Rh Versus Pt‑6%Rh Thermocouples: An emf‑Temperature Reference Function for the Temperature Range 0 °C to 1769 °C
<p>Data for the associated paper, DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02895-w</p> <p>The paper describes the metrological characterization of the highly stable Pt40%Rh/Pt-6%Rh thermocouples to determine their reference function in the temperature range between 0 °C and 1769 °C. The preparation of the Pt-40%Rh/Pt-6%Rh thermocouples is described, as well as the measurement procedures and the measurement results of comparison and fxed point measurements for the determination of the reference function with low uncertainties.</p>
The multidimensional nutritional niche of fungus-cultivar provisioning in free-ranging colonies of a neotropical leafcutter ant
<p>Foraging trails of leafcutter colonies are iconic scenes in the Neotropics, with ants collecting freshly-cut plant fragments to provision a fungal food crop. We hypothesized that the fungus-cultivar's requirements for macronutrients and minerals govern the foraging niche breadth of <i>Atta colombica </i>leafcutter ants. Analyses of plant fragments carried by foragers showed how nutrients from fruits, flowers, and leaves combine to maximize cultivar performance. While the most commonly foraged leaves delivered excess protein relative to the cultivar's needs, <i>in vitro </i>experiments showed that the minerals P, Al, and Fe may expand the leafcutter foraging niche by enhancing the cultivar's tolerance to protein-biased substrates. A suite of other minerals reduces cultivar performance in ways that may render plant fragments with optimal macronutrient blends unsuitable for provisioning. Our approach highlights how the nutritional challenges of provisioning a mutualist can govern the multidimensional realized niche available to a generalist insect herbivore. </p>
Environmental range per unit space determines a unimodal pattern of species richness along a heterogeneity gradient
<p>Although many studies have focused on the effects of the environment and area on local patterns of species richness, few studies have demonstrated how to reconcile the availability of more niches with smaller habitat areas in heterogeneous localities. Here, the environmental range that a species prefers was defined as a niche; a space was defined as an available space if the environmental range of the space matches a niche; and the metric "environmental range per unit space (ERUS)" was presented to describe the heterogeneity of localities. Because the spaces with stressful environmental ranges, outside the niche, increased with increasing heterogeneity, available spaces did not continue to indefinitely increase, but the proportion of available spaces in spaces was low at high heterogeneous localities. Consequently, the probability of species occurring in their respective available spaces was unimodal. Due to the presence of large spaces in homogenous localities and more spaces in heterogeneous localities, the interval distances between nonadjacent spaces were large in these localities. Together, the changes in the number and proportion of available spaces and distance between spaces determined the unimodal probability of species dispersing into their respective available spaces. Thus, the probability of species coexisting was unimodal because it is important for coexisting species to grow in their respective available spaces. The probability of population extinction increased with increasing heterogeneity because the available spaces became narrower. In this way, the ERUS strongly influence species richness: a unimodal richness along the heterogeneity gradient occurred in suitable, suboptimal<i> </i>and stressful environments, and a unimodal algae richness occurred in a lake and river. These results challenge the viewpoint that richness increases with heterogeneity, providing information about the conservation of richness in very homogeneous and heterogeneous regions, and highlighting the importance of balancing the roles of environment and space in understanding and predicting richness.</p>
Chemical effects of snowmelt on an alpine lake in the Wind River Range, WY
<p><span>Nitrogen deposition from air pollution is increasingly reaching alpine lakes where the addition of nitrate and ammonium to sensitive surface waters can cause acidification and or eutrophication. Thirty years of sampling in the Wind River Range, WY have shown some lakes increasing in nitrogen. We sought to determine (1) if nutrient concentrations in Deep Lake increase during snowmelt when atmospheric deposition is released from the snowpack and (2) assess if the sampling season, location, meteorological factors, and time of day samples are collected influence lake chemistry metrics, to inform monitoring. We analyzed water samples from the outlet of Deep Lake in peak snowmelt (June) and from the inlet, outlet, and middle of Deep Lake when the basin was snow free (August). In June, outlet samples were more acidic, and nitrogen content was three times August levels. Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) declined with snowmelt. August inlet samples were higher in nutrients than outlet and mid-lake samples. Our results indicate that atmospheric pollution in the snowpack enters the lake with snowmelt. Although Deep Lake has not acidified, ANC levels indicate a risk of episodic acidification if nitrogen deposition continues to increase. When monitoring lakes at risk for episodic acidification, sampling during the late snowmelt pulse should be prioritized. Simplified sampling protocols may be used in some lakes, as epilimnion and outlet samples were nearly identical. The time of day and cloud cover did not affect lake chemistry, while wind speed and precipitation weakly increased August ANC and June pH, respectively.</span></p>
Memory drives the formation of animal home ranges: evidence from a reintroduction -- dataset
<p>Publicly available dataset for:</p> <p>N. Ranc, F. Cagnacci & P.R. Moorcroft. In Press. Memory drives the formation of animal home ranges: evidence from a reintroduction. Ecology Letters.</p> <p> </p> <p>The dataset contains the following fields:</p> <p>- animal_id: unique roe deer identifier.<br> - x: x position (spatial projection system: LAEA Europe, EPSG 3035; relative to the origin of the environmental rasters; missing data indicated by -9999).<br> - y: y position.</p> <p> </p> <p>The modelling code and instructions can be found a separate Zenodo/GitHub repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5208215).</p>
Figure 2 in Range extension to Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province and revised distribution of Platyrrhinus chocoensis (Phyllostomidae: Chiroptera) in western Ecuador
Figure 2. Predictive habitat model using Maxent (AUC value = 0.987), based on 31 specimens with accurate collection sites (black circles) and the new record of Platyrrhinus chocoensis.The shadow under the predictive model corresponds to home range extension before our record. The star represents the new southernmost record reported in this communication.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.