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CERES and GEO-Enhanced TOA, Within-Atmosphere and Surface Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Daily Terra-NOAA20 Edition4A
CER_SYN1deg-Day_Terra-NOAA20_Edition4A is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and geostationary (GEO)-Enhanced Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA), Within-Atmosphere and Surface Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Daily Terra-NOAA20 Edition4A data product. Data was collected using the following instruments and platforms: Imaging Radiometers on the Geostationary Satellites platform, CERES Flight Model 1 (FM1), CERES FM2, CERES Scanner, and MODIS on Terra; and CERES FM6 and VIIRS on NOAA-20. Data collection for this product is ongoing.The CERES Synoptic Radiative Fluxes and Clouds (SYN) 1degree products provide CERES-observed temporally interpolated TOA radiative fluxes and coincident imager-derived cloud and aerosol properties and include geostationary-derived cloud properties and broadband fluxes that have been carefully normalized with CERES fluxes to maintain the CERES calibration. They also contain computed initial TOA, in-atmosphere, surface fluxes, and computed fluxes adjusted or constrained to the CERES-observed TOA fluxes. The calculated fluxes are produced using the Langley Fu-Liou radiative transfer model. Computations use MODIS, geostationary satellite cloud properties, and atmospheric profiles provided by the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). The adjustments to clouds and atmospheric properties are also provided. The computations are for all-sky, clear-sky, pristine (clear-sky without aerosols), and all-sky without aerosol conditions. This product provides parameters on a daily temporal resolution and 1°-regional spatial scales. Fluxes are provided for clear-sky and all-sky conditions in the longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and window (WN) regions. The CERES SYN1deg products use 1-hourly radiances and cloud property data from GEO imagers to model variability between CERES observations accurately. Several steps are involved in using GEO data to enhance diurnal sampling. First, GEO radiances are cross-calibrated with the MODIS imager using only data that is coincident in time and ray-matched in angle. Next, the GEO cloud retrievals are inferred from the calibrated GEO radiances. The GEO radiances are converted from narrowband to broadband using empirical regressions and then to broadband GEO TOA fluxes using Angular Distribution Models (ADMs) and directional models. A normalization technique ensures GEO and CERES TOA fluxes are consistent. Instantaneous matched gridded fluxes from CERES and GEO are regressed against one another over a month from 5°x5 ° latitude-longitude regions. The regression relation is then applied to all GEO fluxes to remove biases that depend upon cloud amount, solar and view zenith angles, and regional dependencies. The regional means are determined for 1° equal-angle grid boxes calculated by first interpolating each parameter for any missing times of the CERES/GEO observations to produce a complete 1-hourly time series for the month. Daily means are calculated using the combination of observed and interpolated parameters from all days containing at least one CERES observation.CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
MODIS Aqua L2 model predicted low cloud types of chopped blocks in which low cloud dominates (block size: 128pixels x 128pixels) V001 (MYD_L2_MPLCT) at GES DISC
This product is composed of a beta version for a product from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) on board the Aqua satellite.This dataset contains model predicted low cloud morphology type classifications (MPLCT) of each of the chopped blocks as part of our global MODIS Aqua data from the 2017 MEaSUREs project, A Comprehensive Data Record of Marine Low-level and Deep Convective Cloud Systems Using an Object-Oriented Approach.These data are the model predictions of cloud types for low-cloud-dominated blocks over the oceans for individual MODIS Aqua granule data, chopped into small blocks in shape (np_x, np_y), where np_x = 128 pixels and np_y = 128 pixels. These low-cloud-dominated blocks are defined by the conditions: the ratio of high-cloud fraction and low-cloud fraction is smaller than 0.2, with high-cloud fraction < 0.3 and low-cloud fraction > 0.05. Only daytime granule data are included and blocks with sensor zenith angle > 45 and blocks over land are excluded.The variables include:block_low: the name of the low-cloud-dominated block, based on which the location of the chopped block in the granule data can be found.pred_cat: the predicted cloud type of each block.pred_prob: the prediction probability of cloud typelcf: the low-cloud fraction of the low-cloud-dominated block.sensor_zenith: the sensor zenith angle at the center of the low-cloud-dominated blockFive latitude and longitude points for the four corners and center of the chopped blocksThe DOIs of the related datasets in this project are:MYD_L2_CB_001 DOI: 10.5067/DFDGJR6707D8MYD_L3_OFLCT_001 DOI: 10.5067/3FAIC739DQRH
CERES Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Daily NOAA-20 Edition1B
The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Single Scanner Footprint One Degree (SSF1deg) Day provides daily averages of regional constant meteorology temporally interpolated CERES Top of Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes, clouds derived from a co-located imager and aerosols on a 1-degree latitude and longitude grid. This single satellite product uses the primary CERES instrument in cross-track mode. TOA fluxes are provided for clear-sky and all-sky conditions for longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and window wavelength bands. The incoming daily solar irradiance is from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). The cloud properties are averaged for day and night (24-hour) and day-only periods. Cloud properties are stratified into four atmospheric layers (surface-700 hPa, 700 hPa - 500 hPa, 500 hPa - 300 hPa, 300 hPa - 100 hPa) and all layers. The aerosols are averaged instantaneous values from the co-located imager. CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument (PFM) was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the EOS flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board EOS Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES instrument (FM5) was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite on November 18, 2017.
OMI/Aura Cloud Pressure and Fraction (O2-O2 Absorption) 1-Orbit L2 Swath 13x24km V003 (OMCLDO2) at GES DISC
The reprocessed OMI/Aura Level-2 cloud data product OMCLDO2 is now available from the NASA GoddardEarth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (GES DISC) for the public access. It is the second release of Version 003 and was reprocessed in late 2011. OMI provides two cloud products based on two different algorithms, the Rotational Raman Scattering method, and O2-O2 absorption method using the DOAS technique. This level-2 global cloud product, with a pixel resolution of 13x24 km2at nadir, is based on the spectral fitting of O2-O2 absorption band at 477 nm using DOAS technique. This product contains cloud pressure, cloud fraction, slant column O2-O2, ozone, ring coefficients, uncertainties in derived parameters, terrain and geolocation information, solar and satellite viewing angles, and quality flags. The lead scientist for this product is Dr. Pepijn Veefkind.The OMCLDO2 product files are stored in the version 5 Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS5). Each file contains data from the day lit portion of an orbit (~53 minutes) and is roughly 15.096 MB in size. There are approximately 14 orbits per day thus the total data volume is approximately 200 GB/day.
GPM GROUND VALIDATION NCAR CLOUD MICROPHYSICS PARTICLE PROBES GCPEX
The GPM Ground Validation NCAR Cloud Microphysics Particle Probes GCPEx data was collected during the GPM Cold-season Precipitation Experiment (GCPEx), which occurred in Ontario, Canada during the winter season of 2011 through 2012. GCPEx addressed shortcomings in the GPM snowfall retrieval algorithm by collecting microphysical properties, associated remote sensing observations, and coordinated model simulations of precipitating snow. The GPM Ground Validation NCAR Cloud Microphysics Particle Probes GCPEx dataset was obtained from three instruments carried aboard the University of North Dakota (UND) Cessna Citation aircraft. These probes, the 2D-C, Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) and High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS-3), collected particle size distributions and particle images which were processed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Data were collected January 16, 2012 through February 25, 2012. A related cloud microphysics dataset, GPM Ground Validation UND Citation Cloud Microphysics GCPEx is also available.
Sounder SIPS: JPSS-1 CrIS Level 2 CLIMCAPS: Cloud Cleared Radiances V2 (SNDRJ1IML2CCPCCR) at GES DISC
The CLIMCAPS (Community Long-term Infrared Microwave Coupled Product System) algorithm is used to analyze data from the Cross-track Infrared Sounder/Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (CrIS/ATMS) instruments, also known as CrIMSS (Cross-track Infrared and Microwave Sounding Suite). The CrIS/ATMS instruments used for this product are on board the NOAA-20 platform, also known as JPSS-1. The CrIS instrument is a Fourier transform spectrometer with a total of 2211 FSR (Full Spectral Resolution) infrared sounding channels covering the longwave (645-1095 cm-1), midwave (1210-1750 cm-1), and shortwave (2100-2550 cm-1) spectral regions. The ATMS instrument is a cross-track scanner with 22 channels in spectral bands from 23 GHz through 183 GHz. Cloud clearing is the process of computing the clear column radiance for a given channel n, and represents what the channel would have observed if the entire scene were cloud free. The entire scene is defined as the ATMS field of regard (FOR) which includes and array of 3x3 CrIS field of views (FOV). The basic assumption of cloud-clearing is that if the observed radiances in each field-of-view are different, the differences in the observed radiances are solely attributed to the differences in the fractional cloudiness in each field of view while everything else (surface properties and atmospheric state) is uniform across the field of regard. A level 2 granule has been set as 6 minutes of data, 30 footprints cross track by 45 lines along track. There are 240 granules per day, with an orbit repeat cycle of approximately 16 day. The CLIMCAPS algorithm uses data from the second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA-2) as a first-guess for the atmospheric state. Because MERRA-2 products typically have a latency from 3 to 7 weeks, so too do the CLIMCAPS products.
GPM GROUND VALIDATION CLOUD SPECTROMETER AND IMPACTOR (CIP) LPVEX V1
The GPM Ground Validation Cloud Spectrometer and Impactor (CIP) LPVEx dataset provides particle size spectra for the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Misson Ground Validation Experiment. Data was collected by the Cloud spectrometer and impactor (CIP) and 2D-S (2-dimensional stereo probe) aboard the University of Wyoming King Air flown in Finland during the Light Precipitation Validation Experiment (LPVEx) from August to October 2010. Lat, lon, altitude, pressure, and temperature are provided with the total concentration of particles with diameter greater than 100 microns.
First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE) Arctic Cloud Experiment (ACE) CFD Data
The First ISCCP Regional Experiments have been designed to improve data products and cloud/radiation parameterizations used in general circulation models (GCMs). Specifically, the goals of FIRE are (1) to improve basic understanding of the interaction of physical processes in determining life cycles of cirrus and marine stratocumulus systems and the radiative properties of these clouds during their life cycles and (2) to investigate the interrelationships between the ISCCP data, GCM parameterizations, and higher space and time resolution cloud data. Aerosol data obtained by Colorado State University during May 1998 on the NCAR C-130 research flights as part of the First ISCCP Regional Experiment (FIRE3) Arctic Cloud Experiment (ACE) flown onboard the NCAR C-130 aircraft during the FIRE ACE field campaign. The data are in ASCII format. The primary measurements were of ice nuclei and condensation nuclei.
CERES Time-Interpolated TOA Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Monthly Terra Edition4A
CER_SSF1deg-Month_Terra-MODIS_Edition4A is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Time-Interpolated Top of Atmosphere (TOA) Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Monthly Terra Edition4A data product, which was collected using the CERES Flight Model 1 (FM1), FM2, and MODIS instruments on the Terra platform. Data collection for this product is in progress.CERES Single Scanner Footprint One Degree (SSF1deg) Day provides daily averages of regional constant meteorology temporally interpolated TOA fluxes, clouds derived from a co-located imager, and aerosols on a 1-degree latitude and longitude grid. This single satellite product uses the primary CERES instrument in cross-track mode. TOA fluxes are provided for clear-sky and all-sky conditions for longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and window (WN) wavelength bands. The incoming solar daily irradiance is from the SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). The cloud properties are averaged for day and night (24-hour) and day-only periods. Cloud properties are stratified into four atmospheric layers (surface-700 hPa, 700 hPa, - 500 hPa, 500 hPa, - 300 hPa, 300 hPa - 100 hPa) and a total of all layers. The aerosols are averaged instantaneous values from the co-located imager. CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
GPM Ground Validation UND Citation Cloud Microphysics OLYMPEX V1
The GPM Ground Validation UND Citation Cloud Microphysics OLYMPEX dataset includes measurements of cloud microphysics, state of the atmosphere parameters, three-dimensional winds, and turbulence. These measurements were taken during the OLYMPEX campaign by the University of North Dakota’s (UND) Cessna Citation II aircraft over a series of 20 flights totaling roughly 60 flight hours. The UND Citation Cloud Microphysics data are stored as separate files for each flight, with a primary (*.olympex) file containing both direct and derived parameters. Raw data files for each instrument are also archived for investigators who wish to use their own processing software. Data are available from flights that occurred from November 12, 2015 through December 19, 2015 in ASCII, ASCII-csv, and binary formats, while browse images are available in PNG format.
MERRA-2 tavg3_3d_cld_Nv: 3d,3-Hourly,Time-Averaged,Model-Level,Assimilation,Cloud Diagnostics 0.625 x 0.5 degree V5.12.4 (M2T3NVCLD) at GES DISC
M2T3NVCLD (or tavg3_3d_cld_Nv) is a 3-dimensional 3-hourly time averaged data collection in Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2). This collection consists of assimilations of cloud diagnostics at 72 model layers, such as cloud fraction for radiation, pressure thickness, in cloud cloud ice (or liquid) for radiation, and relative humidity. The data field is available every three hour starting from 01:30 UTC, e.g.: 01:30, 04:30, … , 22:30 UTC. Section 4.2 of the MERRA-2 File Specification document provides pressure values nominal for a 1000 hPa surface pressure and refers to the top edge of the layer. The lev=1 is for the top layer, and lev=72 is for the bottom (or surface) model layer. MERRA-2 is the latest version of global atmospheric reanalysis for the satellite era produced by NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) using the Goddard Earth Observing System Model (GEOS) version 5.12.4. The dataset covers the period of 1980-present with the latency of ~3 weeks after the end of a month. Data Reprocessing: Please check “Records of MERRA-2 Data Reprocessing and Service Changes” linked from the “Documentation” tab on this page. Note that a reprocessed data filename is different from the original file.MERRA-2 Mailing List: Sign up to receive information on reprocessing of data, changing of tools and services, as well as data announcements from GMAO. Contact the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov) to be added to the list.Questions: If you have a question, please read "MERRA-2 File Specification Document", “MERRA-2 Data Access – Quick Start Guide”, and FAQs linked from the ”Documentation” tab on this page. If that does not answer your question, you may post your question to the NASA Earthdata Forum (forum.earthdata.nasa.gov) or email the GES DISC Help Desk (gsfc-dl-help-disc@mail.nasa.gov).
CERES Monthly Gridded Radiative Fluxes and Clouds Terra FM1 Edition2F
CER_FSW_Terra-FM1-MODIS_Edition2F is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Monthly Gridded Radiative Fluxes and Clouds Terra Flight Model 1 (FM1) Edition2F data product, which was collected using the CERES-FM1 and the CERES Scanner instruments on the Terra platform. Data collection for this product is complete.The Monthly Gridded Radiative Fluxes and Clouds (FSW) product contains regional averages of instantaneous footprint computed fluxes [Top-of-the-Atmosphere (TOA), surface, and in-atmosphere (profile)], associated TOA observed fluxes, and cloud parameters only for the hours of the satellite overpass. The FSW product contains a month of space and time-averaged CERES data for a single scanner instrument. All instantaneous fluxes from the CERES Clouds and Radiative Swath (CRS) product for a month are sorted by 1-degree spatial regions and by the Universal Time (UT) hour of observation. The mean of the instantaneous fluxes for a given region-hour bin is determined and recorded on the FSW, along with other flux statistics and scene information. The mean adjusted fluxes at the four atmospheric levels defined by CRS are also included for both clear-sky and total-sky scenes. In addition, four cloud height categories are defined by dividing the atmosphere into four intervals with boundaries at the surface: 700-, 500-, 300-hPa, and the TOA. The cloud layers from CRS are put into one of the cloud height categories and averaged over the region. The cloud properties are also column averaged and included on the FSW.CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the protoflight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
CAMP2Ex Learjet In-Situ Cloud Data
CAMP2Ex_Cloud_AircraftInSitu_Learjet_Data are in-situ cloud measurements conducted onboard the SPEC Learjet aircraft during the Clouds, Aerosol and Monsoon Processes-Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex) NASA field study. Data collection for this product is complete.CAMP2Ex was a NASA field study, with three main science objectives: aerosol effect on cloud microphysical and optical properties, aerosol and cloud influence on radiation as well as radiative feedback, and meteorology effect on aerosol distribution and aerosol-cloud interactions. Research on these three main objectives requires a comprehensive characterization of aerosol, cloud, and precipitation properties, as well as the associated meteorological and radiative parameters. Trace gas tracers are also needed for airmass type analysis to characterize the role of anthropogenic and natural aerosols. To deliver these observations, CAMP2Ex utilized a combination of remote sensing and in-situ measurements. NASA’s P-3B aircraft was equipped with a suite of in-situ instruments to conduct measurements of aerosol and cloud properties, trace gases, meteorological parameters, and radiative fluxes. The P-3B was also equipped passive remote sensors (i.e. lidar, polarimeter, radar, and radiometers). A second aircraft, the SPEC Learjet 35A, was primarily dedicated to measuring detailed cloud microphysical properties. The sampling strategy designed for CAMP2Ex coordinated flight plans for both aircraft to maximize the science return. The P-3B was used primarily to conduct remote sensing measurements of cloud and precipitation structure and aerosol layers and vertical profiles of atmospheric state variable, while the Learjet flew below the P-3B to obtain the detailed cloud microphysical properties. During the 2019 field deployment in the vicinity of the Philippines, completed from August 20-October 10, the P-3B conducted 19 science flights and the SPEC Learjet conducted 11 flights. Ground-based aerosol observations were also recorded in 2018 and 2019. CAMP2Ex was completed in partnership with Philippine research and operational weather communities. Measurements completed during CAMP2EX provide a 4-D observational view of the environment of the Philippines and its neighboring waters in terms of microphysical, hydrological, dynamical, thermodynamical and radiative properties of the environment, targeting the environment of shallow cumulus and cumulus congestus clouds.
SAFARI 2000 Cloud Absorption Radiometer BRDF, Dry Season 2000
This record links to the web page for the Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) data for the SAFARI 2000 project. Twenty-one flights were undertaken over Southern Africa during the study. Flight track maps, browse images, and Convair CV-580 flight logs are available on this web site.The Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) is an airborne multi-wavelength scanning radiometer that can perform several functions including: determining the single scattering albedo of clouds at selected wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared; measuring the angular distribution of scattered radiation; measuring bidirectional reflectance of various surface types; and acquiring imagery of cloud and Earth surface features. The CAR instrument was developed at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center by Dr. Michael King. The CAR now operates from a position mounted in the improved nose cone on a Convair CV-580. In addition to its traditional starboard viewing mode, the CAR instrument can be operated in zenith viewing, nadir viewing, and bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) mode; and can be switched between each of these four modes during flight.The CAR has been deployed on a regular basis in field campaigns around the world including deployments to Portugal (Azores), Brazil, Kuwait, the conterminous United States, Alaska, and various countries in southern Africa. During typical research field campaigns, the CAR is flown in concert with an array of cloud microphysics, aerosol, atmospheric chemistry, and general meteorological instruments under the direction of the Department of Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Washington.
ABoVE: High Resolution Cloud-Free Snow Cover Extent and Snow Depth, Alaska, 2001-2017
This dataset provides estimates of maximum snow cover extent (SCE) and snow depth for each 8-day composite period from 2001 to 2017 at 1 km resolution across Alaska. The study area covers the majority land area of Alaska except for areas covered by perennial ice/snow or open water. A downscaling scheme was used in which Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) global reanalysis 0.5 degree snow depth data were interpolated to a finer 1 km spatial grid. In the methods used, the downscaling scheme incorporated MODIS SCE (MOD10A2) to better account for the influence of local topography on the 1km snow distribution patterns. For MODIS cloud-contaminated pixels, persistent and patchy cloud cover conditions were improved by applying an elevation-based spatial filtering algorithm to predict snow occurrence. Cloud-free MODIS SCE data were then used to downscale MERRA-2 snow depth data. For each snow-covered 1 km pixel indicated by the MODIS data, the snow depth was estimated based on the snow depth of the neighboring MERRA-2 0.5 grid cell, with weights predicted using a spatial filter.
CAR ARMCAS Arctic Cloud Radiation Measurements L1 V1 (CAR_ARMCAS_L1C) at GES DISC
The Arctic Radiation Measurement in Column Atmosphere-surface System (ARMCAS) was a collaborative research effort between the Cloud and Aerosol Research (CAR) Group, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington (led by Professor Peter V. Hobbs) and Drs. Michael King and Si-Chee Tsay of NASA/Goddard. The field portion of ARMCAS was based out of Deadhorse, Alaska, from June 3-15, 1995. Flights of the University of Washington's Convair C-131A research aircraft and NASA's ER-2 aircraft took place over the tundra of the North Slope and over the partially ice-covered Beaufort Sea. Several of these flights were closely coordinated in order to provide simultaneous in situ and remote sensing measurements of arctic clouds.
DC3 In-Situ NSF/NCAR GV-HIAPER Cloud Data
DC3_Cloud_AircraftInSitu_NSF-GV-HIAPER_Data are in-situ cloud data collected onboard the NSF/NCAR GV-HIAPER aircraft during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign. Data collection for this product is complete.The Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC3) field campaign sought to understand the dynamical, physical, and lightning processes of deep, mid-latitude continental convective clouds and to define the impact of these clouds on upper tropospheric composition and chemistry. DC3 was conducted from May to June 2012 with a base location of Salina, Kansas. Observations were conducted in northeastern Colorado, west Texas to central Oklahoma, and northern Alabama in order to provide a wide geographic sample of storm types and boundary layer compositions, as well as to sample convection.DC3 had two primary science objectives. The first was to investigate storm dynamics and physics, lightning and its production of nitrogen oxides, cloud hydrometeor effects on wet deposition of species, surface emission variability, and chemistry in anvil clouds. Observations related to this objective focused on the early stages of active convection. The second objective was to investigate changes in upper tropospheric chemistry and composition after active convection. Observations related to this objective focused on the 12-48 hours following convection. This objective also served to explore seasonal change of upper tropospheric chemistry.In addition to using the NSF/NCAR Gulfstream-V (GV) aircraft, the NASA DC-8 was used during DC3 to provide in-situ measurements of the convective storm inflow and remotely-sensed measurements used for flight planning and column characterization. DC3 utilized ground-based radar networks spread across its observation area to measure the physical and kinematic characteristics of storms. Additional sampling strategies relied on lightning mapping arrays, radiosondes, and precipitation collection. Lastly, DC3 used data collected from various satellite instruments to achieve its goals, focusing on measurements from CALIOP onboard CALIPSO and CPL onboard CloudSat. In addition to providing an extensive set of data related to deep, mid-latitude continental convective clouds and analyzing their impacts on upper tropospheric composition and chemistry, DC3 improved models used to predict convective transport. DC3 improved knowledge of convection and chemistry, and provided information necessary to understanding the processes relating to ozone in the upper troposphere.
CALIPSO Lidar Level 3 Ice Cloud Data, Standard V1-00
CAL_LID_L3_Ice_Cloud-Standard-V1-00 is the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) Lidar Level 3 Ice Cloud Data, Standard Version 1-00 data product. This data product was collected using the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument. The degradation of the laser energies that started in September 2016 had a negative impact on the product, and because of this, generation and distribution ended in December 2016. Updated Lidar Level 2 data products and changes to the Lidar Level 3 Ice Cloud algorithm will need to be completed before a new release of this product is released.This product reports global distributions of ice cloud extinction and ice water content histograms on a uniform spatial grid. All level 3 parameters are derived from the CALIPSO level 2, 5km cloud profile products, with a temporal average of one month. CALIPSO was launched on April 28, 2006, and continues to collect data necessary to study the impact of clouds and aerosols on the Earth's radiation budget and climate. It flies in the international A-Train constellation for coincident Earth observations. The CALIPSO satellite comprises three instruments: CALIOP, Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR), and Wide Field Camera (WFC). CALIPSO is a joint satellite mission between NASA and the French Agency CNES.
CERES Regionally Averaged TOA Fluxes, Clouds and Aerosols Hourly NOAA-20 Edition 1B
The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Single Scanner Footprint One Degree (SSF1deg) Hour provides regional averages of CERES Top of Atmosphere (TOA) fluxes, clouds derived from a co-located imager and aerosols on a 1-degree latitude and longitude grid. This single satellite product uses the primary CERES instrument in cross-track mode. TOA fluxes are provided for clear-sky and all-sky conditions for longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and window wavelength bands. The incoming daily solar irradiance is from the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI). The cloud properties are averaged for day and night (24-hour) and day-only periods. Cloud properties are stratified into four atmospheric layers (surface-700 hPa, 700 hPa - 500 hPa, 500 hPa - 300 hPa, 300 hPa - 100 hPa) and a total of all layers. The aerosols are averaged instantaneous values from the co-located imager. CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument (PFM) was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit on board the EOS flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched on board EOS Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES instrument (FM5) was launched on board the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched on board the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite on November 18, 2017.
CERES Clouds and Radiative Swath TRMM Edition2C
CER_CRS_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2C is the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Clouds and Radiative Swath (CRS) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Edition2C data product, which was collected using the CERES-proto flight model (PFM) instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) platform. Data collection for this product is complete.The CER_CRS_TRMM-PFM-VIRS_Edition2C data product is computed Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA)/surface/profile fluxes using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) clouds and aerosols from Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) obtained from the TRMM PFM instrument. The Clouds and Radiative Swath (CRS) product contains one hour of instantaneous CERES data for a single scanner instrument. CRS contains all of the CERES SSF product data. For each CERES footprint on the SSF, the CRS also contains vertical flux profiles evaluated at four levels in the atmosphere: the surface, 500-, 70-, and 1-hPa. The CRS fluxes and cloud parameters are adjusted for consistency with a radiative transfer model, and adjusted fluxes are evaluated at the four atmospheric levels for both clear-sky and total-sky.CERES is a key Earth Observing System (EOS) program component. The CERES instruments provide radiometric measurements of the Earth's atmosphere from three broadband channels. The CERES missions follow the successful Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) mission. The first CERES instrument, the proto-flight model (PFM), was launched on November 27, 1997, as part of the TRMM. Two CERES instruments (FM1 and FM2) were launched into polar orbit onboard the Earth Observing System (EOS) flagship Terra on December 18, 1999. Two additional CERES instruments (FM3 and FM4) were launched onboard Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua on May 4, 2002. The CERES FM5 instrument was launched onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite on October 28, 2011. The newest CERES instrument (FM6) was launched onboard the Joint Polar-Orbiting Satellite System 1 (JPSS-1) satellite, now called NOAA-20, on November 18, 2017.
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