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31,887 results for “three”
Can disease resistance evolve independently at different ages? Genetic variation in age-dependent resistance to disease in three wild plant species
<p>1. Juveniles are typically less resistant (more susceptible) to infectious disease than adults, and this difference in susceptibility can help fuel the spread of pathogens in age-structured populations. However evolutionary explanations for this variation in resistance across age remain to be tested.</p> <p>2. One hypothesis is that natural selection has optimized resistance to peak at ages where disease exposure is greatest. A central assumption of this hypothesis is that hosts have the capacity to evolve resistance independently at different ages. This would mean that hosts populations have a) standing genetic variation in resistance at both juvenile and adult stages, and b) that this variation is not strongly correlated between age-classes so that selection acting at one age does not produce a correlated response at the other age</p> <p>3. Here we evaluated the capacity of three wild plant species (Silene latifolia, S. vulgaris, and Dianthus pavonius) to evolve resistance to their anther-smut pathogens (Microbotryum fungi), independently at different ages. The pathogen is pollinator-transmitted, and thus exposure risk is considered to be highest at the adult flowering stage.</p> <p>4. Within each species we grew families to different ages, inoculated individuals with anther smut, and evaluated the effects of age, family and their interaction on infection.</p> <p>5. In two of the plant species, S. latifolia and D. pavonius, resistance to smut at the juvenile stage was not correlated with resistance to smut at the adult stage. In all three species, we show there are significant age*family interaction effects, indicating that age-specificity of resistance varies among the plant families.</p> <p>6. Synthesis: These results indicate that different mechanisms likely underlie resistance at juvenile and adult stages and support the hypothesis that resistance can evolve independently in response to differing selection pressures as hosts age. Taken together our results provide new insight into the structure of genetic variation in age-dependent resistance in three well-studied wild host-pathogen systems.</p>
Data of: Imputation-free reconstructions of three-dimensional chromosome architectures in human diploid single-cells using allele-specified contacts
<p>These files are results obtained in<br><span><span><span><span>Imputation-free reconstructions of three-dimensional chromosome architectures in human diploid single-cells using allele-specified contacts</span></span></span></span><br>by Yoshito Hirata, Arisa H. Oda, Chie Motono, Masanori Shiro & Kunihiro Ohta.</p> <p>There are 33 files for the corresponding each reconstruction of three-dimensional chromosomone structures<br>for each cell.<br>There are 3D structures for 15 GM cells and 18 PBMC cells, which are obtained from the single cell Hi-C data of Tan et al. Science (2018).</p> <p>For each file, there are 6 columns:<br>The first column corresponds to the allele (0: maternal, 1: paternal)<br>The second column corresponds to the chromosome (1-22: chromosome's number, 23: X, 24: Y)<br>The third column corrsponds to the base point.<br>The fourth column, the fifth column and the sixth column correspond to x-, y-, and z-axes of our reconstruction.</p>
Fig. 50 in Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 32. A Revision Of Anypodetus Hermann, 1907 With The Description Of Three New Species (Laphriinae)
Fig. 50. Anypodetus, distribution of all data for genus, plotted on a map showing climatic regions. Abbreviations: D - Desert, M - Mediterranean, PS - Plateau slopes, SAP - Semi-arid plateau, SC - Subtropical coast, SL - Subtropical lowveld, SP - Subtropical plateau, TC - Temperate coast, TEP - Temperate eastern plateau, WTP - Warm temperate plateau.
Figs 22-33. Anypodetus species, hypopygia. 22-24. A in Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 32. A Revision Of Anypodetus Hermann, 1907 With The Description Of Three New Species (Laphriinae)
Figs 22-33. Anypodetus species, hypopygia. 22-24. A. macroceros sp. n. (holotype). 25-27. A. nigrifacies Ricardo (Mkuzi). 28-30. A. phalaros sp. n. (37 kmNLouisTrichardt).31-33.A. unicolor Oldroyd (20 mi S Ndumu). Scale lines = 1 mm.
Figs 45-47. Anypodetus species. 45. A in Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 32. A Revision Of Anypodetus Hermann, 1907 With The Description Of Three New Species (Laphriinae)
Figs 45-47. Anypodetus species. 45. A. fascipennis Engel, tip of left hind tarsus. 46. A. unicolor Oldroyd, egg dissected from female abdomen. 47. A. leucothrix sp. n., scutellum, dorsal view. Scale lines = 1 mm.
Figs 10-21. Anypodetus species, hypopygia. 10-12. A in Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 32. A Revision Of Anypodetus Hermann, 1907 With The Description Of Three New Species (Laphriinae)
Figs 10-21. Anypodetus species, hypopygia. 10-12. A. arachnoides Oldroyd (6 km N Vivo). 13-15. A. fasciatus Hermann (Serowe). 16-18. A. fascipennis Engel (Willowmore). 19-21. A. leucothrix sp. n. (paratype). Scale lines = 1 mm.
Figs 7-9. Anypodetus species, wing venation. 7. A in Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 32. A Revision Of Anypodetus Hermann, 1907 With The Description Of Three New Species (Laphriinae)
Figs 7-9. Anypodetus species, wing venation. 7. A. fascipennsis Engel (Willowmore ♀). 8. A. nigrifacies Ricardo (Mkuzi ♂). 9. A. leucothrix sp. n.(holotype). Scale lines = 1 mm.
Figs 37-44 in Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 32. A Revision Of Anypodetus Hermann, 1907 With The Description Of Three New Species (Laphriinae)
Figs 37-44. Anypodetus species, second abdominal tergum, distribution of pruinescence (unhatched).37.A. arachnoides Oldroyd. 38. A. fasciatus Hermann. 39. A. fascipennis Engel. 40. A. leucothrix sp. n. 41. A. macroceros sp. n. 42.A. nigrifacies Ricardo. 43.A. phalaros sp. n. 44.A. unicolor Oldroyd. Scale line = 1 mm.
Combined ground-based total ozone data at three Norwegian sites (2000 to 2020)
<p>Combined total column ozone (TCO) at three Norwegian sites (Oslo, Andøya, Ny-Ålesund), using three measurement techniques (Brewer (DS and GI), SAOZ, GUV).</p> <p>The daily means are composed of noon-averages (+-2h around local noon) for Brewer (DS and GI) and GUV, and of sunrise- and sunset averages for SAOZ.</p> <p>In Oslo and Andøya, Brewer DS measurements build the baseline, and missing measurement days are then filled with Brewer GI data and then with GUV. In Ny-Ålesund, SAOZ measurements build the baseline, and missing measurement days are filled with Brewer DS data (starting in 2013) and GUV.</p> <p>This dataset has been used in Bernet et al. (2022).</p> <p>The initial data of each of the instruments are available at:</p> <p>Brewer DS (daily means): https://woudc.org</p> <p>Brewer GI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6760244</p> <p>SAOZ: www.ndacc.org</p> <p>GUV: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4773478</p> <p>Responsible institute: NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research</p> <p>Bernet, L., Svendby, T., Hansen, G., Orsolini, Y., Dahlback, A., Goutail, F., Pazmiño, A., Petkov, B., and Kylling, A., Total ozone trends at three northern high-latitude stations, 2022.</p>
Probabilistic forecasts of the daily maximum of the Kp index produced by the SERENADE prototype model and three empirical models for the period 2010-2018
<p>This dataset contains the probabilistic outputs of SERENADE's first prototype model dedicated to the forecasting of the <span class="math-tex">\(\textit{Kp}_{\textrm{max, 24 h}}\)</span> index for forecasting horizons ranging between 2 and 7 days. The period covered is the one of the SDOML dataset, which is 2010-05 --- 2018-12. All data is contained in a single pickle file, that can be opened in Python, using the following code lines:</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(\texttt{import pickle}\\ \texttt{with open(DATA_PATH+`/serenade_outputs.pkl', `rb') as f:}\\ ~~~~\texttt{dict_outputs = pickle.load(f)}\)</span></p> <p>The pickle file contains a dictionnary, which itself contains Pandas DataFrames. Each DataFrame corresponds to a forecasting horizon. The dictionnary's keys are the forecasting horizons stored as strings, that is:</p> <p><span class="math-tex">\(\texttt{dict_output.keys() = [`2',`3',`4',`5',`6',`7']}\)</span></p> <p>The DataFrames are indexed by datetime. They contain the observed (true) hourly values of the daily maximum of the Kp index, the forecasts provided by SERENADE and three baseline models (Climatology model, Persistence model and 27-day Recurrence model). The forecast values include the mean and the standard deviation of the forecast normal distributions. Missing moments are due to the absence of EUV images needed to provide the forecast at the given moment.</p> <p> </p>
Near-surface temperatures in three blockfields in Norway and Svalbard
<p>near-surface temperature measurements in three blockfields in Norway and Svalbard</p> <p>raw data to the manuscript 'Near-surface temperatures and potential for frost weathering in blockfields in Norway and Svalbard', submitted to Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</p>
High nucleotide similarity of three Copia lineage LTR retrotransposons among plant genomes
<p>Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic elements found in the majority of eukaryotic genomes. TEs deeply impact the structure and evolution of chromosomes and can induce mutations affecting coding genes. In plants, the major group of TEs is Long Terminal Repeats retrotransposons (LTR-RT). They are classified into superfamilies (<em>Gypsy</em>, <em>Copia</em>) and sub-classified into lineages. Horizontal transfer (HT), defined as the nonsexual transmission of genetic material between species, is a process allowing LTR-RTs to invade a new genome. Although this phenomenon was considered rare, recent studies demonstrate numerous transfers of LTR-RTs, suggesting that HT may be more frequent than initially estimated.</p> <p>This study aims to determine which LTR-RT lineages are shared with high similarity among 69 reference plant genomes. We identified and classified 88,450 LTR-RTs and determined 143 cases (involving 94 elements) of high similarities between pairs of genomes. Most of them involved three <em>Copia</em> lineages (<em>Oryco/Ivana</em>, <em>Retrofit/Ale</em> and <em>Tork/Tar/Ikeros</em>). A detailed analysis of three cases of high similarities involving <em>Tork/Tar/Ikeros</em> group shows a patchy distribution of the elements and phylogenetic incongruities, indicating they originated from potential HTs. Overall, our results suggest that <em>Copia</em> LTR-RTs share outstanding similarity between very distant species and may probably be more involved in HT mechanisms.</p>
Fig. 14 in Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae)
Fig. 14. Cleotyche (Cleotyche) montana sp. nov., ♂, holotype (QM). A–E. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Caudal view. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E. Laterocaudal view. F–J. Aedeagus. F. Caudal view. G. Left lateral view. H. Dorsolateral view. I. Dorsal view. J. Ventral view. Abbreviations: see Fig. 4.
Fig. 13 in Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae)
Fig. 13. Cleotyche (Cleotyche) montana sp. nov., ♂, holotype (QM). A. Habitus dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Habitus, perpendicular view of frons. E. Habitus, anterolateral view. F. Head and thorax, dorsal view. G. Frons, perpendicular view. H. Head and thorax, lateral view. I. Distal portion of posterior leg, ventral view.
Fig. 9 in Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae)
Fig. 9. Cleotyche (Cleotyche) francescoi sp. nov., ♂, holotype (QM). A–E. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Caudal view. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E. Laterocaudal view. F–J. Aedeagus. F. Left lateral view. G. Dorsolateral view. H. Caudal view. I. Dorsal view. J. Ventral view. Abbreviations: see Fig. 4.
Fig. 8 in Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae)
Fig. 8. Cleotyche (Cleotyche) francescoi sp. nov., ♀, paratype (QM). A. Habitus dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Habitus, perpendicular view of frons. E. Habitus, anterolateral view. F. Head and thorax, dorsal view. G. Frons, perpendicular view. H. Head and thorax, lateral view. I. Distal portion of posterior leg, ventral view.
Fig. 5 in Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae)
Fig. 5. Habitat of Cleotyche (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov. in Cania Gorge National Park, 13 Dec. 2019.
Fig. 4 in Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae)
Fig. 4. Cleotyche (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov., ♂, holotype (QM). A–E. Pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli. A. Left lateral view. B. Caudal view. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E. Laterocaudal view. F–J. Aedeagus. F. Left lateral view. G. Caudal view. H. Dorsolateral view. I. Dorsal view. J. Ventral view. Abbreviations:ae = aedeagus; alt = apicolateral tooth of anal tube; An = anal tube; cv = connective; dpp = dorsal process of phallobase; G = gonostylus; lh = lateral hook of gonostylus; phb = phallobase; Py = pygofer; sp = spine of aedeagus.
Fig. 3 in Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae)
Fig. 3. Cleotyche (Cleotyche) christinae sp. nov., ♀, paratype (QM). A. Habitus dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Habitus, perpendicular view of frons. E. Habitus, anterolateral view. F. Head and thorax, dorsal view. G. Frons, perpendicular view. H. Head and thorax, lateral view.
Fig. 12 in Australian Cleotychini planthoppers: review of the genus Cleotyche Emeljanov, 1997 with three new species (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae)
Fig. 12. Cleotyche (Cleotyche) mariae Emeljanov, 1997, ♀, paratype (ANIC). A. Habitus dorsal view. B. Head and thorax, dorsal view. C. Labels. D. Habitus, lateral view. E. Frons, perpendicular view. F. Head and thorax, lateral view. Photographs: © T. Pleines – CSIRO.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.