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FIGURE 3 in Croton crossolepis (Euphorbiaceae), a new species with an unusual trichome type from southwestern Madagascar
FIGURE 3. Croton crossolepis, micrographs of dried material. A. View of the base of a leaf with the junction of the petiole, showing scattered stellate trichomes on the adaxial surface and one of the shortly stipulate acropetiolar glands. B. Closeup of the center of a leaf blade on the abaxial surface, showing a background of pale-silvery, stellate trichomes and fewer larger, brown-centered, fimbriate-rayed lepidote trichomes concentrated on the midvein and secondary veins. C. Closeup of a young stem showing densely overlapping browncentered lepidote trichomes with sharp, fringed ray tips (these exemplify the specific epithet "crossolepis"). D. A rehydrated staminate flower (anthers became detached during drying, but one of the anthers is shown in upper right), showing the venose sepals and petals adaxially and ca. 18 filaments. (A–C from van Ee et al. 823, D from Willing 32; photos: K. Kainulainen).
FIGURE 2. Holopogon pekinensis from type locality. A in Holopogon pekinensis (Orchidaceae), a new heteromycotrophic species from Northern China
FIGURE 2. Holopogon pekinensis from type locality. A, habit; B, lateral view of flower; C, front view of flower; D, inflorescence; E, sheaths, rhizome and roots. Photographed by Bing Liu and Qin-Wen Lin.
FIGURE 10. Scaphochlamys graveolens. A. Type, OIH116 in A review of Scaphochlamys (Zingiberaceae) from Borneo, with description of eleven new species
FIGURE 10. Scaphochlamys graveolens. A. Type, OIH116 (SAR). B. plant in habitat. C. inflorescence. D. lamina. E. flower, top view. F. flower, side view. G. labellum. H. stamen, note spurless anther and slightly purplish crest. I. bract, subtending two flowers. J. bract and bracteoles. K. calyx and ovary. L. petiole base and rhizome. A–E, H–L from OIH116; F–G from ZI568.
FIGURE 13. Scaphochlamys argentea. A. Type, B.L. Burtt & P.J.B. Woods B2700 in A review of Scaphochlamys (Zingiberaceae) from Borneo, with description of eleven new species
FIGURE 13. Scaphochlamys argentea. A. Type, B.L. Burtt & P.J.B. Woods B2700 (E). B. lamina of type enlarged to show adaxial surface with prominent raised main lateral veins. C. dried lamina specimen showing same traits as type specimen. D. plant in habitat, Gunung Pueh. E. flower. F. petiole and leafless sheaths. G. inflorescence, artificially opened to show peduncle. A–B from B.L. Burtt & P.J.B. Woods B2700, Herbarium, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (E); C–G from OIH320.
FIGURE 11. Scaphochlamys lucens. A. Type, OIH125 in A review of Scaphochlamys (Zingiberaceae) from Borneo, with description of eleven new species
FIGURE 11. Scaphochlamys lucens. A. Type, OIH125 (SAR). B. plant in habitat. C. petiole base and rhizome. D. inflorescence. E. lamina, adaxial surface. F. lamina, abaxial surface. G. bract and bracteoles. H. flower, side view. I. flower, front view. J. flower, top view. K. calyx and ovary. L. stamen, note spurless anther. M. anther crest and stigma. All from OIH125.
FIGURE 15. Scaphochlamys durga. A. Type, OIH84 in A review of Scaphochlamys (Zingiberaceae) from Borneo, with description of eleven new species
FIGURE 15. Scaphochlamys durga. A. Type, OIH84 (SAR). B. plant in habitat with variegation. C. plant in habitat without variegation. D. variegated lamina adaxial surface. E. unmarked lamina adaxial surface. F. variegated lamina abaxial surface. G. inflorescence. H. inflorescence, peduncle artificially revealed. I. flower, side view. J. flower, front view. K. flower, top view, note labellum. L. stamen, note spurless anther. M. bract and bracteoles. N. ovary. A–B, D, F–N from OIH84; C from OIH97; E from OIH235.
FIGURE 2. Scale types compared between Melastoma kemamanense and Melastoma imbricatum. A, B, C. M. kemamanense. A. Densely overlapping scales 1.5–4 in Studies in Southeast Asian Melastoma (Melastomataceae), 3. A new species of Melastoma from Peninsular Malaysia
FIGURE 2. Scale types compared between Melastoma kemamanense and Melastoma imbricatum. A, B, C. M. kemamanense. A. Densely overlapping scales 1.5–4 mm long on the flowering hypanthium (Corner SFN 25826, SING). B. Densely overlapping scales 1.5–4 mm long on the fruit (Corner SFN 25826, SING). C. Scales up to 4 mm long on the distal end of the petiole and which are appressed on the abaxial surface and suberect on the margins (Corner s.n., SING). D, E, F. M. imbricatum. D. Imbricate scales up to 1.5 mm long on the flowering hypanthium (Curtis s.n., SING). E. Imbricate scales up to 1.5 mm long on the fruit (Goodenough 959, SING). F. Scales up to 2 mm long on the distal end of the petiole and which are mostly appressed on the abaxial surface and on the margins (Hamid 11009, SING). All scale bars: 5 mm. All photographs by L. Neo.
FIGURE 1. Type material. A in New names, species and synonyms in a changing Velloziaceae world
FIGURE 1. Type material. A. Holotype of Vellozia epidendroides (Martius s.n. [M0213204]). B. Holotype of Vellozia gracilis (Sellow 1351 [B100243299]). C. Holotype of Vellozia leptopetala (Riedel s.n. [L0041320]). D. Probable isotype of Vellozia leptopetala (Riedel 1056 [LE00006406]).
FIGURE 3. Type material. A in New names, species and synonyms in a changing Velloziaceae world
FIGURE 3. Type material. A. Holotype of Vellozia sellowii (Sellow 1316 [B100243285]). B. Holotype of Vellozia virgata (Glaziou 17832a [L 0041330]). C. Paratypus of Vellozia virgata and holotype of Vellozia linearis (Glaziou 17292). D. Holotype of Vellozia asperula var. filifolia (Hoehne 5025 [NY 00247998]).
FIGURE 2. Type material. A in New names, species and synonyms in a changing Velloziaceae world
FIGURE 2. Type material. A. Holotype of Vellozia epidendroides var. major and of Vellozia ornithophila (Maguire 49098 [US00092371]). B. Holotype of Vellozia epidendroides var. divaricata (Maguire 49064 [NY00248014]). C. Illustration of Vellozia epidendroides var. major, by Alice Tangerini (Fig. 28 of Smith & Ayensu 1976: 89).
FIGURE 2. Boswellia occulta, from the type locality A in Boswellia occulta (Burseraceae), a new species of frankincense tree from Somalia (Somaliland)
FIGURE 2. Boswellia occulta, from the type locality A. Tree, in leaf; B. Tree, showing swollen disk-shaped base when growing on rock; C. Branches, showing foliage; D. Trunk with incisions, showing resin oozing out. Photographs: Ahmed Mohamed Dhunkaal.
FIGURE 533 in Taxonomy, ecology and analysis of type material of some small Encyonopsis with description of new species in Ireland
FIGURE 533. NMDS biplot of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix of untransformed relative abundance of Encyonopsis in lake periphyton samples. Inset is a plot of lakes with significant environmental factors (p<0.05) fitted a posteriori, including true colour (TC), chlorophyll a (chla), total phosphorus (TP), total oxidised nitrogen (TON), silica (Si), total ammonia (NH4), conductivity (cond), alkalinity (alk) and pH. Main plot shows the location of Encyonopsis species added as weighted averages of site scores with surface contour plots for TP (red curves) and Alkalinity (blue curves) gradients fitted a posteriori.
FIGURE 530 in Taxonomy, ecology and analysis of type material of some small Encyonopsis with description of new species in Ireland
FIGURE 530. Box plots of the distribution of valve characters measured with SEM for Encyonopsis. Only diatom frustules having data for all measured characters is plotted. Boxes represent the 25–75% quartiles (excluding outliers) with the median shown as a horizontal bold line. Whiskers represent the upper and lower data points less than 1.5 times the box height and outliers are individual points outside the whiskers. A. Boxplot comparing the distribution of valve length data. B. Comparison of valve width. C. Comparison of valve length to breadth ratio. D. Comparison of ventral stria density. All data are measured using populations of Encyonopsis from Ireland unless otherwise stated. E. neerlandica (ENER), E. carraensis (ECAR), E. subminuta (ESUB), E. krammeri (EKRA), E. krammeri capitate form in E. alpina type material (EKRA-alp), E. tavirana type material (ETAV-typ), E. aff. tavirana Irish populations (ETAV-IE), Encyonopsis sp. 1 (ESP1), E. alpina type material (EALP-typ), E. alpina Irish populations (EALP-IE), E. minuta (EMIN), Encyonopsis sp. 2 (ESP2), E. horticola (EHRT), E. hibernica (EHIB), Encyonopsis sp. 3 (ESP3).
FIGURES 449–480. Encyonopsis krammeri Reichardt. Figs 449–472 in Taxonomy, ecology and analysis of type material of some small Encyonopsis with description of new species in Ireland
FIGURES 449–480. Encyonopsis krammeri Reichardt. Figs 449–472. LM. Figs 449–454. Valves illustrating the dorsiventral form and narrow rostrate poles for the most commonly encountered form. Figs 455–460. A population with more protracted subcapitate poles. Figs 461–472. A more lanceolate form corresponding to E. angusta Krammer & Lange-Bertalot with more clearly capitate rounded ends. Figs 473–480. SEM. Figs 473–478. External view of frustules with differing outline and apices but with equivalent ultrastructural morphology. Figs 479–480. Internal view with thickened silica between helictoglossa and end of apices. Scale bar in Fig. 472 = 10 μm for all LM figures. Scale bar in all SEM micrographs = 1 μm.
FIGURES 417–448. Encyonopsis krammeri Reichardt. Figs 417–448 in Taxonomy, ecology and analysis of type material of some small Encyonopsis with description of new species in Ireland
FIGURES 417–448. Encyonopsis krammeri Reichardt. Figs 417–448. LM. Figs 417–440. Valves showing morphological range and size reduction series in Irish lakes. Figs 441–448. SEM. Figs 441 & 443–446. External view. Figs 442 & 447. Internal view. Fig. 448 Girdle view. Scale bar in Fig. 440 = 10 μm for all LM figures. Scale bar in all SEM micrographs = 1 μm.
FIGURES 397–404 in Taxonomy, ecology and analysis of type material of some small Encyonopsis with description of new species in Ireland
FIGURES 397–404. Encyonopsis horticola Van de Vijver & Compère Figs 397–402. LM. Figs 397–402. Valves showing morphological range of a single population in L. Gur, Co. Limerick. Figs 403–404. SEM. Fig 403. External view. Fig. 404. Internal view. Scale bar in Fig. 402 = 10 μm for all LM figures. Scale bar in all SEM micrographs = 1 μm.
FIGURES 353–396 in Taxonomy, ecology and analysis of type material of some small Encyonopsis with description of new species in Ireland
FIGURES 353–396. Encyonopsis sp. 2 aff. minuta Figs 353–385. LM. Figs 353–385. Valves showing morphological range and size reduction in populations. Figs 386–396. SEM. Figs 386–395. External valve view with narrow rostrate apices. Fig 396. Internal view lacking a clear intermission at central area. Scale bar in Fig. 385 = 10 μm for all LM figures. Scale bar in all SEM micrographs = 1 μm.
FIGURES 320–352. Encyonopsis minuta Krammer & Reichardt Figs 320–345 in Taxonomy, ecology and analysis of type material of some small Encyonopsis with description of new species in Ireland
FIGURES 320–352. Encyonopsis minuta Krammer & Reichardt Figs 320–345. LM. Figs 320–345. Illustrating morphology of populations with a size reduction series. Figs 346–352. SEM. Figs 346–350. External view with valves maintaining bluntly rounded poles. Figs 351– 352. Internal view showing distinctive intermissio at central area. Scale bar in Fig. 345 = 10 μm for all LM figures. Scale bar in all SEM micrographs = 1 μm.
FIGURES 511–529. Encyonopsis subminuta agg. Figs 511–522 in Taxonomy, ecology and analysis of type material of some small Encyonopsis with description of new species in Ireland
FIGURES 511–529. Encyonopsis subminuta agg. Figs 511–522. Valves showing morphological range and size variation in populations from Irish lakes. Figs 523–529. SEM. Figs 523–527. External and internal view of Encyonopsis subminuta Krammer & Reichardt. Fig. 528–529. Internal and external of E. aff. subminuta. Scale bar in Fig. 522 = 10 μm for LM figures. Scale bar in all SEM micrographs = 1 μm.
FIGURE 532 in Taxonomy, ecology and analysis of type material of some small Encyonopsis with description of new species in Ireland
FIGURE 532. Scatter plots of the distribution of Encyonopsis taxa in relation to A. Total phosphorus (TP) and B. Alkalinity. Vertical lines indicate the location of optima derived from weighted averages of species occurrences for TP (red) and alkalinity (blue). Taxon codes correspond to Fig. 530, with All (ENCY All) and Unidentified (ENCY unid.) Encyonopsis categories illustrated for comparison.
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