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Data from: Isotopic composition of particulate black carbon in the northern Indian Ocean

The dataset contains the concentration and stable isotopic composition of particulate black carbon (PBC) in the surface waters of the northern Indian Ocean. Samples were collected during multiple cruises to the Northern Indian Ocean (locations, date and time are provided in the datasheet) along with end member sampling of riverine particulate. Surface water samples were filtered onto 0.7 micron GF/F filters (precombusted at 400 degree Celsius) and oven-dried. Particulate black carbon was estimated following the chemothermal oxidation (CTO - 375) method. Briefly, samples were treated using HCl fumes to remove inorganic carbon fractions followed by heating at 400 degree celsius for 24 hours in active airflow to remove the organic carbon fraction. The residual carbon (BC in micromoles per litre) and its isotopic composition (represented by delta notation in permil) was measured using an elemental analyzer (EA: Flash 2000, Thermo Scientific) connected to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS: Delta V, Thermo Scientific). The precision of measurement by repeated analysis of standards was better than 10 % for PBC concentration and 0.1 permil for its isotopic composition. The data is associated with the manuscript accepted in Geophysical Research Letters titled, 'Isotopic evidence for degradation of particulate black carbon in the ocean.

A Post-Synthetic Modification Strategy for Enhancing Pt adsorption Efficiency in MOF/Polymer Composites

Growing polymers inside porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can allow incoming guests to access the backbone of otherwise non-porous polymers, boosting the number and/or strength of available adsorption sites inside the porous support. In the present work, we have devised a novel post-synthetic modification (PSM) strategy that allows one to graft metal-chelating functionality onto a polymer backbone while inside MOF pores, enhancing the material’s ability to recover Pt(IV) from complex liquids. For this, polydopamine (PDA) was first grown inside of a MOF, known as Fe-BTC (or MIL-100 Fe). Next, a small thiol-containing molecule, 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol (DIP), was grafted to the PDA via a Michael addition. After the modification of the PDA, the Pt adsorption capacity and selectivity were greatly enhanced, particularly in the low concentration regime, due to the high affinity of the thiols towards Pt. Moroever, the modified composite was found to be highly selective for precious metals (Pt, Pd, and Au) over common base metals found in electronic waste (i.e., Pb, Cu, Ni, and Zn). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) provided insight into the Pt adsorption/reduction process. Last, the PSM was extended to various thiols to demonstrate the versatility of the chemistry. It is hoped that this work will open pathways for the future design of novel adsorbents that are fine-tuned for the rapid, selective retrieval of high-value and/or critical metals from complex liquids.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Figure 2 in Species diversity and composition of Oribatida (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) in former breeding colonies of the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in Poland

Figure 2. Number of species from individual ecological groups in each studied site.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Figure 1 in Species diversity and composition of Oribatida (Acari: Sarcoptiformes) in former breeding colonies of the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) in Poland

Figure 1. The abundance of oribatid mites from individual ecological groups in each studied site.

Table S1 The grain size, TOC and elemental composition of sediment samples in the northern South China Sea

Grain size measurements of the sediments were carried out on a Mastersizer 3000 laser particle size analyzer. Prior to analysis organic matter was removed by leaching the sediment with 15% H2O2. Total organic carbon (TOC) of the sediments was measured in Thermo EA-IsoLink elemental analyzer. Prior to analysis carbon bound to carbonate minerals was removed by leaching the sediment with 10% HCl. Total element concentrations (Al, Ca, Ti, Fe, Mn) of the bulk sediments were measured after acid digestion (HF, HNO3 and HCl) by Thermo iCAP 7400 ICP-OES. Solid phase iron speciation data were measured following sequential Fe extraction (Fecarb, Feox, Femag, Fepy) by Thermo iCAP 7400 ICP-OES.

The Highs and Lows of Grazing: Effects of Ungulates and Elevation on Grassland and Sagebrush Steppe Vegetation Composition in Yellowstone National Park

Yellowstone National Park’s Northern Range is emblematic for the wolves, bison and elk that inhabit its grassland and sagebrush-steppe habitats.  Their interactions and populations have been the focus of considerable conservation debate. Recent changes in ungulate populations provide an opportunity to examine their influence on the vegetation communities. We conducted expansive vegetation surveys along an elevation gradient and at exclosure sites where ungulates were unable to graze. We collected a large database (n = 620 quadrats), which we analyzed using classic community ecology approaches. We found that non-native species have higher abundances at low elevations, and that grazing by ungulates reduces beta diversity and native cover, while promoting non-native cover. The magnitude of these changes are greater in bison-dominated than elk-dominated areas of Yellowstone, suggesting that bison may be overgrazing. These results provide valuable insights into major factors shaping vegetation communities, while also contextualizing management practices in a world-renowned ecosystem.   Please respect licensing, and contact the corresponding author for permission to use this dataset in any research or publications.

Chemical composition of main agricultural plastics articles used for protected cultivation systems: additive characterization

The folder includes chromatographic and mass spectrometry data of the characterization of additives in agricultural plastics, including mulch films (coded as M), mulch fabrics (coded as C and GT), ropes (coded as R), irrigation tapes (coded as I), seed coatings (coded as O), feed sack (coded as K), bale knitted nets and silage nets (coded as S4), biodegradable shelters (coded as SH), ropes & twines for crop production (coded as R), plant tunnels (coded as L), fertilizers sacks (coded as K), silage film /coded as S1). Conventional polymers including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and biodegradable polymers (BIO) have been analyzed.

Renuka Wetlands (Photo: Chandra et al., 2021) in Faunal Composition of Ramsar Wetlands from India: An Analysis

Renuka Wetlands (Photo: Chandra et al., 2021)

Greylag Geese (Photo: Chandra et al., 2021) in Faunal Composition of Ramsar Wetlands from India: An Analysis

Greylag Geese (Photo: Chandra et al., 2021)

Irrawady Dolphin at Chilika Lake (Photo: Chandra et al., 2021). in Faunal Composition of Ramsar Wetlands from India: An Analysis

Irrawady Dolphin at Chilika Lake (Photo: Chandra et al., 2021).

Figure 5 in Faunal Composition of Ramsar Wetlands from India: An Analysis

Figure 5. Faunal species composition in Ramsar Wetlands of India.

Figure 4 in Faunal Composition of Ramsar Wetlands from India: An Analysis

Figure 4. Faunal composition of Ramsar Wetlands in India.

Figure 3 in Faunal Composition of Ramsar Wetlands from India: An Analysis

Figure 3. Distribution of Ramsar Wetlands in states of India.

Figure 1 in Faunal Composition of Ramsar Wetlands from India: An Analysis

Figure 1. Number of designated Ramsar sites with respect to year of declaration.

Data from Readsynth: short-read simulation for consideration of composition-biases in reduced metagenome sequencing approaches

Background The application of reduced metagenomic sequencing approaches holds promise as a middle ground between targeted amplicon sequencing and whole metagenome sequencing approaches but has not been widely adopted as a technique. A major barrier to adoption is the lack of read simulation software built to handle characteristic features of these novel approaches. Reduced metagenomic sequencing (RMS) produces unique patterns of fragmentation per genome that are sensitive to restriction enzyme choice, and the non-uniform size selection of these fragments may introduce novel challenges to taxonomic assignment as well as relative abundance estimates. Results Through the development and application of simulation software, readsynth, we compare simulated metagenomic sequencing libraries with existing RMS data to assess the influence of multiple library preparation and sequencing steps on downstream analytical results. Based on read depth per position, readsynth achieved 0.79 Pearson's correlation and 0.94 Spearman's correlation to these benchmarks. Application of a novel estimation approach, fixed length taxonomic ratios, improved quantification accuracy of simulated human gut microbial communities when compared to estimates of mean or median coverage. Conclusions We investigate the possible strengths and weaknesses of applying the RMS technique to profiling microbial communities via simulations with readsynth. The choice of restriction enzymes and size selection steps in library prep are non-trivial decisions that bias downstream profiling and quantification. The simulations investigated in this study illustrate the possible limits of preparing metagenomic libraries with a reduced representation sequencing approach, but also allow for the development of strategies for producing and handling the sequence data produced by this promising application.

Data for Quantifying functional group compositions of household fuel-burning emissions

Data for reproduction of figures in the paper "Quantifying functional group compositions of household fuel-burning emissions"

Data from: neglected puzzle pieces of urban green infrastructure: richness, cover, and composition of insect-pollinated plants in traffic-related green spaces

Insect-pollinated vascular plants in spontaneous vegetation provide essential ecosystem services and benefit wildlife. However, floral communities associated with traffic-related green spaces are rarely considered valuable elements of urban green infrastructure (UGI). The dataset contains information on species-based floral communities of vascular insect-pollinated plants in traffic-related green spaces in three highly populated Finnish cities. Those are Helsinki (665 558 inhabitants), Tampere (244 029 inhabitants), and Turku (175 645 inhabitants). Data were collected during the mean flowering phenophase of vascular plants in July-August 2022 from two types of locations: (i) urban (city centers) and (ii) suburban (city outskirts), and from three types of traffic-related green spaces: (i) traffic islands, (ii) parking lots, (iii) road verges. The dataset contains information for the 93 vascular insect-pollinated plant species flowering during the survey. Sampling campaign was conducted in 90 sampling sites, and the dataset contains information on the location coordinates. In addition, the dataset possesses information on the amount of garbage pieces (cigarette filters, plastic boxes, or scraps) revealed for each sampling point in traffic-related green spaces.

Does fortune follow function? Exploring how consumer preferences drive the functional trait composition of the global songbird trade

Defaunation and extinction undermine the resilience and functioning of ecological communities and ecosystems. Relative to other disturbances, overexploitation for the global wildlife trade presents a unique case of trait-based selection, as demand for specific individuals is often tied to unique morphological or aesthetic traits desired by consumers ("market traits"). Because evolutionary history leads to species that share both market and functional traits, we posit that non-random patterns of exploitation will result in non-random loss of functional diversity. We applied a trait-based framework to the global songbird trade for 4616 species, 148 of which are plausibly threatened by the trade. We quantified select market traits, such as unique coloration and song quality, and ecological traits related to body size, diet, and foraging strategy to assess whether the trade disproportionately threatens particular functional groups. We additionally looked for patterns of association between market traits and functional traits to assess whether selection on certain market traits could drive selection on associated functional traits. We found that overexploited birds are a distinct functional subset of the global songbird pool, with the trade disproportionately threatening large bodied, frugivorous, and seed eating birds. Across all songbirds, there were multiple non-random associations between market traits and functional traits, with the strongest associations observed among trade-threatened birds; this was consistent with our theory that consumer-driven selection on market traits could theoretically result in selection on functional traits. However, there was mixed evidence for this hypothesis at a global scale, suggesting that disproportionate threat to functional diversity may be more likely in regions where there is heavy demand for associated market traits. Policy Implications: Our results highlight the need for increased focus on the mechanistic drivers of trait-based selection on the consumer side of wildlife trade, and how patterns of overexploitation can systematically affect ecological communities and ecosystem services.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Neutral Composition and Temperature Response to the January 2021 SSW in the F-Region Observed by ICON

'Omni' is the geomagnetic indices for Figure 2. <a href="../api/records/11216124/draft/files/MERRA2%201979-2023.mat/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener">MERRA2 1979-2023</a> is zonal mean temperature at 10 hPa (~30 km) at 90 N and zonal mean zonal wind at 10 hPa at 60 N for Figure 1. ICON Limb FUV is the original data from ICON limb observed neutral composition and temperature profiles. pICON, pTIEGCM and pMSIS are the composition and temperature data transformed to the constant pressure levels from ICON observations, TIEGCM simulations and NRLMSISE-00 model for other Figures.