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FIGURE 4 in On some morphologically aberrant, auto-epizootic forms of Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from southern Chile

FIGURE 4. Results of phylogenetic analyses based on the molecular data set comprising both the epizootic and substrate specimens, and additional material for comparison. lnL= -1698.6. MP bootstrap (MP), ML bootstrap (ML), Bayesian posterior probability (PP) and Bremer values (Br) are indicated above branches. The scale bar indicates the number of nucleotide substitutions per position in the sequence.

FIGURE 1. A in On some morphologically aberrant, auto-epizootic forms of Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from southern Chile

FIGURE 1. A: General view of a normal colony of Plumularia setacea (cladia partly removed) overgrown by several cormoids of the epizootic form. B: Fragment of cladium from epizoic colony showing a hydranth protruding from its hydrotheca. Inserts: loss of one lateral nematotheca (left) and conservation of both lateral nematothecae (right). Scale bar A – 1 mm (A), 200 µm (B).

FIGURE 3 in On some morphologically aberrant, auto-epizootic forms of Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from southern Chile

FIGURE 3. Comparison of stems (A) and cladia (B) of the epizootic (left) and normal (right) forms of Plumularia setacea. Scale bar 300 µm (A), 200 µm (B).

FIGURE 2. Plumularia setacea, epizootic form. A in On some morphologically aberrant, auto-epizootic forms of Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from southern Chile

FIGURE 2. Plumularia setacea, epizootic form. A: Whole cormoid. B: Colony with aberrant ramifications of stem and cladia. C: Cladium in lateral view. D: Cladial segment in lateral view. E: Cladial segment in frontal view. F: Female gonotheca. G: Male gonotheca. H: Lateral nematotheca. I: Nematotheca from stem internode. J: Axillary nematotheca. Scale bar 0.5 mm (A, B), 100 µm (C, D, E, F, G), 20 µm (H, I, J).

opennotspecifiedOct 2013View details →

FIGURES 20–25. Hassallia littoralis habitus. Figs 20, 21. Fasciculated growth form. Figs 22, 23 in Hassallia littoralis sp. nov. (Cyanobacteria, Microchaetaceae) from Mexico's marine supralittoral based on morphological and molecular evidence

FIGURES 20–25. Hassallia littoralis habitus. Figs 20, 21. Fasciculated growth form. Figs 22, 23. Formation of hormogonia. Fig. 24. Hormogonia and branch formation. Fig. 25. Production of monocyte-like cells. Scale bars: Figs 20, 21: 30 µm, Figs 22–25: 6 µm.

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Green and sensitive spectrofluorimetric determination of two pharmaceutically important cephalosporin drugs in their dosage forms

<p>Using two green and sensitive spectrofluorimetric methods, we quantified two cephalosporins, cefepime (CFM) and cefazolin (CFZ), as raw and pharmaceutical formulations. The first method is based on the reaction between CFM and fluorescamine (borate buffer, pH 8), which yields a highly fluorescent product. After excitation at 384 nm, the fluorescent product emits light at 484 nm. At concentrations from 12 to 120 ng/mL, the relative fluorescence intensity/concentration curve was linear with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.46 ng/mL. The second method relied on measuring the CFZ quenching action on acriflavine fluorescence through formation of an ion-associate complex using a Britton–Robinson buffer at pH 8. We measured acriflavine fluorescence at 505 nm after excitation at 265 nm. The fluorescence intensity decrease was CFZ-concentration dependent. Using this method, we quantified CFZ concentrations ranging from 1to 10 µg/mL with an LOQ of 0.48 µg/mL. We studied and optimized the factors influencing reaction product formation. Moreover, we adapted our methods to the investigation of the mentioned drugs as raw and pharmaceutical formulations with great results. We statistically validated our methods according to ICH guidelines. Our results were consistent with those obtained with the official HPLC methods.</p>

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

opennotspecifiedDec 2003View details →

FIGURES 5–8. 5 in Publication and dating of the journals forming the Annals and Magazine of Natural History and the Journal of Natural History

FIGURES 5–8. 5. An early (1858) blue wrapper of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History showing list of conductors (= editors) of the volume, and general contents; 6. Blue wrapper of a typical "Supplementary Number" of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History that often accompanied early volumes of the journal; 7. First change in design (1952) of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History since its inception in 1841; 8. Cover of the September 1952 issue of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History after its inclusion of the "Journal of Botany".

opennotspecifiedDec 2003View details →

FIGURE 9–12. 9 in Publication and dating of the journals forming the Annals and Magazine of Natural History and the Journal of Natural History

FIGURE 9–12. 9. Cover of volume 1 of the Journal of Natural History; 10. Cover of volume 19 of the Journal of Natural History showing change to all yellow cover; 11. Early quotations in the prefatory pages of Annals and Magazine of Natural History; 12. Typical quotation trio found in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History until its cessation in 1967.

opennotspecifiedDec 2003View details →

FIGURE 1–4 in Publication and dating of the journals forming the Annals and Magazine of Natural History and the Journal of Natural History

FIGURE 1–4. The title page of: 1. the first volume of the Magazine of Zoology and Botany; 2. the first volume of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History; 3. the first volume of Loudon's Magazine of Natural History showing original graphic design; 4. volume 3 of Loudon's Magazine of Natural History showing the change in graphic design.

FIGURE 61 in Late Quaternary Chrysophycean stomatocysts in a Southern Carpathian mountain lake, including the description of new forms (Romania)

FIGURE 61. The relative abundances of some siliceous fossils in Lake Gales, and the ratio of cysts and diatoms.

FIGURES 41–60 in Late Quaternary Chrysophycean stomatocysts in a Southern Carpathian mountain lake, including the description of new forms (Romania)

FIGURES 41–60 The most characteristic stomatocysts of Lake Gales according to their occurrences in the upper five diatom assemblages' zones (between DAZ–6 and DAZ–10). Figs 41–44 DAZ–6: Fig. 41. C072—180 cm; Fig. 42. C050 —180 cm; Fig. 43. C072—180 cm; Fig. 44. C166—180 cm; Figs 45–48 DAZ–7: Fig. 45. C001—168 cm; Fig. 46. C198—168 cm; Fig. 47. C148—168 cm; Fig. 48. C337– 176 cm; Figs 49–52 DAZ–8 Fig. 49. C057– 104 cm; Fig. 50. C324—168 cm; Fig. 51. C004—88 cm; Fig. 52. C180—104 cm; Figs 53–56 DAZ–9: Fig. 53. C133—48 cm; Fig. 54. C220—56 cm; Fig. 55. C092—168 cm; Fig. 56. C357—48 cm; Figs 57–60 DAZ–10: Fig. 57. C336—2 cm; Fig. 58. C035—2 cm; Fig. 59. C243—2 cm; Fig. 60. C345—2 cm.

FIGURES 21–40 in Late Quaternary Chrysophycean stomatocysts in a Southern Carpathian mountain lake, including the description of new forms (Romania)

FIGURES 21–40 The most characteristic stomatocysts of Lake Gales according to their occurrences in the first five diatom assemblages' zones (between DAZ–1 and DAZ–5). Figs 21–24 DAZ–1: Fig. 21. C116—264 cm, Fig. 22. C049—264 cm; Fig. 23. C189—264 cm; Fig. 24; C300B—264 cm; Figs 25–29 DAZ–2: Fig 25. C210—260 cm; Fig. 26. C169—260 cm, Fig. 27. C135—260 cm; Fig. 28. "Unidentified stomatocyst 14"—260 cm; Fig. 29. C079—260 cm; Figs 30–33, DAZ–3: Fig. 30. C189—236 cm, Fig. 31. C318—236 cm; Figs 32–33 C360—236 cm; Figs 34–37 DAZ–4: Fig. 34. C120—196 cm; Fig. 35. C202—196 cm; Fig. 36. C239—196 cm; Fig. 37. C148 note the short, thin spines that are roughly equidistant—196 cm; Figs 38–40 DAZ–5: Fig. 38. C121—188 cm, Fig. 39. C169—188 cm; Fig. 40. C009—188 cm.

FIGURE 20 in Late Quaternary Chrysophycean stomatocysts in a Southern Carpathian mountain lake, including the description of new forms (Romania)

FIGURE 20. Relative abundances and zonation of the most common diatoms in Lake Gales. Diatoms were ordered according to their occurrences.

FIGURES 1–19 in Late Quaternary Chrysophycean stomatocysts in a Southern Carpathian mountain lake, including the description of new forms (Romania)

FIGURES 1–19 Scanning electron and light microscope pictures of new morphotypes were found in Lake Gales sediment core (Gales–3) Figs 1–7 Scanning electron microscope Figs 8–19. Light microscope Figs 1, 8–9 C500; Figs 2, 10–11 C501; Figs 3, 12–13 C502; Figs 4, 14–15 C503; Figs 5, 16 C504; Figs 6, 17–18 C505; Figs 7, 19 C506. Scale bar is 10 µm in LM pictures.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

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Pervasive admixture and the spread of a large-lipped form in a cichlid fish radiation

<p>Adaptive radiations have proven important for understanding the mechanisms and processes underlying biological diversity. The convergence of form and function, as well as admixture and adaptive introgression, are common in adaptive radiations. However, distinguishing between these two scenarios remains a challenge for evolutionary research. The Midas cichlid species complex (Amphilophus spp.) is a prime example of adaptive radiation, with phenotypic diversification occurring at various stages of genetic differentiation. One species, A. labiatus, has large fleshy lips, is associated with rocky lake substrates, and occurs patchily within Lakes Nicaragua and Managua. By contrast, the similar, but thin-lipped, congener, A. citrinellus, is more common and widespread. We investigated the evolutionary history of the large-lipped form, specifically regarding whether the trait has evolved independently in both lakes from ancestral thin-lipped populations, or via dispersal and/or admixture events. We collected samples from distinct locations in both lakes, and assessed differences in morphology and ecology. Using RAD-seq, we genotyped thousands of SNPs to measure population structure and divergence, demographic history, and admixture. We found significant between-species differences in ecology and morphology, local intraspecific differences in body shape and trophic traits, but only limited intraspecific variation in lip shape. Despite clear ecological differences, our genomic approach uncovered pervasive admixture between species and low genomic differentiation, with species within lakes being genetically more similar than species between lakes. Taken together, our results suggest a single origin of large-lips, followed by pervasive admixture and adaptive introgression, with morphology being driven by local ecological opportunities, despite on-going gene-flow.</p>

FIGURES 14–19 in Morphological variability of new chrysophyte stomatocyst forming a single-cyst assemblage in a low-conductivity tropical lake in the Guineo-Congolian rainforest

FIGURES 14–19. Stomatocyst #49, Piątek J. observed in SEM: mature stomatocyst. Note the well developed the first collar and the second collar indicated by white and grey arrows respectively.

FIGURE 1 in Morphological variability of new chrysophyte stomatocyst forming a single-cyst assemblage in a low-conductivity tropical lake in the Guineo-Congolian rainforest

FIGURE 1. Location of the sampling site in Cameroon and the general view of a lake enclosed by the Guineo-Congolian rainforest (phot. M. Piątek).

FIGURES 8–13 in Morphological variability of new chrysophyte stomatocyst forming a single-cyst assemblage in a low-conductivity tropical lake in the Guineo-Congolian rainforest

FIGURES 8–13. Stomatocyst #49, Piątek J. observed in SEM: slightly immature stomatocyst. Note the first collar and the second collar indicated by white and grey arrows respectively.

FIGURES 2–7 in Morphological variability of new chrysophyte stomatocyst forming a single-cyst assemblage in a low-conductivity tropical lake in the Guineo-Congolian rainforest

FIGURES 2–7. Stomatocyst #49, Piątek J. observed in SEM: immature stomatocyst. Note the outline of the first collar and the second collar indicated by white and grey arrows respectively.