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FIGURE 2 in Additional description on morphology of the Misol snake eel from Taiwan, with four verified barcodes of life sequences

FIGURE 2. Illustration of Yirrklala misolensis, NMMB-P12003, 486 mm TL, mature female, Dong-gang fish market, Pingtung, Taiwan. (A) Lateral view of head, arrows show the position of frontal pore and supratemporal pore. (B) Dentition.

FIGURE 2. Paracobitis starostini, about 50 in DNA barcode data confirm the placement of subterranean Noemacheilus (Troglocobitis) starostini Parin 1983 in the genus Paracobitis (Teleostei, Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 2. Paracobitis starostini, about 50 mm SL; not preserved; Suvlyoyuk sinkhole, Turkmenistan. Lower picture by Vladimir B. Salnikov.

FIGURE 4 in DNA barcode data confirm the placement of subterranean Noemacheilus (Troglocobitis) starostini Parin 1983 in the genus Paracobitis (Teleostei, Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 4. Landscape of Koytendag Nature Reserve, Turkmenistan with the Kugitangtau Range, a spur of the Pamir-Alay mountains in the distance.

FIGURE 1 in DNA barcode data confirm the placement of subterranean Noemacheilus (Troglocobitis) starostini Parin 1983 in the genus Paracobitis (Teleostei, Nemacheilidae)

FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood based estimation of the relationships of the mitochondrial COI barcode region (Tamura-Nei model, discrete Gamma distribution for rate differences with 5 categories +G parameter = 0. 1259). Nucleotide positions with less than 98 % site coverage were eliminated resulting in 577 analysed positions. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in number of substitutions per site. Numbers of nodes indicate bootstrap support values from 1000 pseudoreplicates from the ML, NJ, and MP approach above 65%.

FIGURES 29–38 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of known species. II. Subgroups davisi, leona and loeffleri

FIGURES 29–38. Adult male of Diamesa leona Roback from Sakhalin Island (macropterous form) (29–31), Primorye Territory (brachypterous form) (32, 35–36), Chukotka (macropterous form) (33, 38) and Kamchatka (macropterous form) (34, 37). 29, typical normal hypopygium in dorsal view; 31, abnormal hypopygium in dorsal view; 30, 36, 37–38, gonostylus; 32–34, tergite IX (bent out on slide); 35, anal point in lateral view. Figs. 32–38 after Makarchenko (1981).

FIGURES 1–7 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of known species. II. Subgroups davisi, leona and loeffleri

FIGURES 1–7. Adult male of Diamesa alpina Tokunaga from Sakhalin Island (1–2), Magadan Region (3), Chukotka (4), Khakassia (5), Alaska (6) and Canada (7). 1, anal point in lateral view; 2–3, 6–7, hypopygium in dorsal view; 4, antenna; 5, transverse sternapodeme and superior volsellae. Figs. 1–2 after Makarchenko (1980).

FIGURES 47–52 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of known species. II. Subgroups davisi, leona and loeffleri

FIGURES 47–52. Adult male of Diamesa khumbugelida Saether et Willassen from Nepal. 47, antenna; 48, head, 49, transverse sternapodeme; 50, superior volsellae; 51, hypopygium in dorsal view; 52, inferior volsella of gonocoxite. Scale bars 50 μm.

FIGURES 23–28 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of known species. II. Subgroups davisi, leona and loeffleri

FIGURES 23–28. Adult males of Diamesa japonica Tokunaga from Honshu, Japan (23, 27), Hokkaido, Japan (24) and Kunashir Island (25–26), Diamesa leoniella Hansen from Alaska (28). 23, flagellum of antenna; 24, tergite IX (bent out on slide); 25, anal point in lateral view; 26–28, hypopygium in dorsal view.

FIGURES 43–46 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of known species. II. Subgroups davisi, leona and loeffleri

FIGURES 43–46. Adult males of Diamesa leona Roback (= D. starmachi Kownacki et Kownacka) from Tatra Mountains (43, 45–46) and Norway (44). 43–44, 46, hypopygium in dorsal view; 45, part of tergite IX with anal point (bent out on slide). Figs. 43, 45, after Gilka et al. 2013; Fig. 44, after Maerk Aspaas, NTNU Vitenskapsmuseet (from BOLD); Fig. 46, after Kownacki & Kownacka 1970.

FIGURES 16–22 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of known species. II. Subgroups davisi, leona and loeffleri

FIGURES 16–22. Adult males of Diamesa lupus Willassen from Alaska (16–18) and Diamesa serratosioi Willassen from Khakassia (19, 21), Magadan Region (20) and Norway (22). 16, 22, hypopygium of paratypes in dorsal view; 17, 20, hypopygium in dorsal view; 18, head, 19, transverse sternapodeme, aedeagal lobes and superior volsellae; 21, segment IX in lateral view.

FIGURES 8–15 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of known species. II. Subgroups davisi, leona and loeffleri

FIGURES 8–15. Adult males of Diamesa amplexivirilia Hansen from Chukotka Region (8–11) and Diamesa saetheri Willassen from Chukotka Region (12–15). 8–9, 12–13, hypopygium in dorsal view; 10, 14, anal point in lateral view; 11, 15, apical part of gonostylus. Figs. 9–11, 13–15 after Makarchenko (1980).

FIGURES 53–60 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of known species. II. Subgroups davisi, leona and loeffleri

FIGURES 53–60. Adult males of Diamesa khumbugelida Saether et Willassen from Kazakhstan (53, 56), China (54, 57–58), Baikal Lake basin (59) and Tajikistan (55, 60). 53–54, hypopygium in dorsal view; 55, antenna; 56–60, transverse sternapodeme. Scale bars 50 μm.

FIGURE 68 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of known species. II. Subgroups davisi, leona and loeffleri

FIGURE 68. Bayesian inference (BI) trees based on the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) nucleotide sequence data of the genus Diamesa Meigen and outgroup Pseudokiefferiella parva (Edwards) Bayesian posterior probabilities (higher than 0.7) are given above tree nodes. Specimens obtained in this study are in bold.

FIGURES 61–67 in Taxonomy of Diamesa steinboecki group (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) with description and DNA barcoding of known species. II. Subgroups davisi, leona and loeffleri

FIGURES 61–67. Adult males of Diamesa loeffleri Reiss from Indian Himalayas (61) and Nepal Himalayas (62–67). 61–62, antenna; 63, distal part of anal point; 64–65, inferior volsellae; 66, hypopygium in dorsal view; 67, central part of hypopygium without tergite IX. Scale bar 50 μm.

FIGURE 20 in DNA barcodes reveal different speciation scenarios in the four North American Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur, [Duménil] & Graslin, [1833] (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini) species groups

FIGURE 20. Haplotype tree for North American Anthocharis. Sara group (Green—A. julia, Blue—A. sara, Red—A. thoosa), lanceolata group (Brown—nominotypical lanceolata, Orange—A. desertolimbus), cethura group (Red—A. cethura morrisoni, Orange—A. cethura pima and A. cethura catalina), midea group (Green—A. limonea and A. midea), Black—A. scolymus [outgroup].

FIGURE 27 in DNA barcodes reveal different speciation scenarios in the four North American Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur, [Duménil] & Graslin, [1833] (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini) species groups

FIGURE 27. Distribution of sampled individuals in the midea group. Anthocharis midea—upside down green triangles, Anthocharis limonea—pale blue triangles, erect green triangle—Anthocharis limonea phenotype with Anthocharis midea haplotype.

FIGURE 23 in DNA barcodes reveal different speciation scenarios in the four North American Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur, [Duménil] & Graslin, [1833] (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini) species groups

FIGURE 23. Distribution of Anthocharis sara group. Small red-filled circles—type localities of various names. Green-filled circles—Anthocharis julia, Blue-filled triangles—Anthocharis sara, Red-filled squares—Anthocharis thoosa.

FIGURE 21 in DNA barcodes reveal different speciation scenarios in the four North American Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur, [Duménil] & Graslin, [1833] (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini) species groups

FIGURE 21. Distribution of Anthocharis lanceolata group, six-pointed stars—nominotypical lanceolata, yellow-filled circle—southern Sierra Nevada lanceolata and subspecies australis, orange-filled circles—desertolimbus and San Pedro Martir population.

FIGURES 17–19 in DNA barcodes reveal different speciation scenarios in the four North American Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur, [Duménil] & Graslin, [1833] (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini) species groups

FIGURES 17–19. Fifth instar larval phenotypes of Anthocharis sara group species—17. A. sara, 18. A. thoosa, and 19. A. julia.

FIGURES 1–16 in DNA barcodes reveal different speciation scenarios in the four North American Anthocharis Boisduval, Rambur, [Duménil] & Graslin, [1833] (Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Pierinae: Anthocharidini) species groups

FIGURES 1–16. Adults of North American Anthocharis species. Male D, V, Female D, V—1–2 A. lanceolata, 3–4 A. desertolimbus, 5–6 A. sara, 7–8 A. julia, 9–10 A. thoosa, 11–12 A. cethura, 13–14 A. midea, 15–16 A. limonea.