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Oscillatory vs. non-oscillatory subthalamic beta activity in Parkinson's disease [Dataset]

This datasets contain the subthalamic local field potentials (LFPs) from 21 Parkinson's disease patients, used in the work "Oscillatory vs. non-oscillatory subthalamic beta activity in Parkinson's disease". Subthalamic LFPs are stored in MATLAB format (.mat). Further information on patients can be found in the main article.

Large-scale Comparison of Fe and Ru Polyolefin C–H Activation Catalysts

We performed a large-scale density functional theory comparison of polyolefin C–H hydroxylation trends across over 200 Fe and Ru catalysts that are identical except for their metal centers for the radical-rebound conversion of propane to propanol. This ZIP contains optimized structures of all reactive intermediates of the Fe and Ru catalysts in the final dataset; approximate transition state structures from the calculated reaction coordinates; raw electronic energies and reaction energies for all Fe and Ru catalysts in the final dataset; electronic properties of all intermediates of the Fe and Ru catalysts in the final dataset; Fe and Ru catalysts that were discarded during DFT (ZIP)

ADAPT Global Solar Magnetic Maps - 2010 Sep 18-20 (w/ & w/o farside active region input)

ADAPT (Air Force Data Assimilative Photospheric flux Transport) model global solar magnetic maps using HMI magnetograms with ("wfar") and without ("orig") estimated farside active region flux, for the 3  day period: September 18-20, 2010.  The farside emergence of NOAA AR11109 (approximately on 18sep2010, based on STEREO observations of farside) is estimated by modeling the HMI vector observation on the east-limb (i.e., at a CMD of approximately -61.5 degrees) back ~6 days.

Window[1]resorcin[3]arenes: A novel macrocycle able to self-assemble to a catalytically active hexameric cage

open data for paper Window[1]resorcin[3]arenes: A novel macrocycle able to self-assemble to a catalytically active hexameric cage

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

Data from: Mouse gingival single cell transcriptomic atlas identified a novel fibroblast subpopulation activated to guide oral barrier immunity in periodontitis

Periodontitis, one of the most common non-communicable diseases, is characterized by chronic oral inflammation and uncontrolled tooth supporting alveolar bone resorption. Its underlying mechanism to initiate aberrant oral barrier immunity has yet to be delineated. Here, we report a unique fibroblast subpopulation activated to guide oral inflammation (AG fibroblasts) identified in a single-cell RNA sequencing gingival cell atlas constructed from the mouse periodontitis models. AG fibroblasts localized beneath the gingival epithelium and in the cervical periodontal ligament responded to the ligature placement and to the discrete topical application of Toll-like receptor stimulants to mouse maxillary tissue. The upregulated chemokines and ligands of AG fibroblasts linked to the putative receptors of neutrophils in the early stages of periodontitis. In the established chronic inflammation, neutrophils together with AG fibroblasts appeared to induce type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) that were the primary source of interleukin-17 cytokines. The comparative analysis of Rag2-/- and Rag2gc-/- mice suggested that ILC3 contributed to the cervical alveolar bone resorption interfacing the gingival inflammation. We propose that the AG fibroblast–neutrophil–ILC3 axis as a previously unrecognized mechanism which could be involved in the complex interplay between oral barrier immune cells contributing to pathological inflammation in periodontitis.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Serine-129 phosphorylation of a-synuclein is an activity-dependent trigger for physiologic protein-protein interactions and synaptic function

Phosphorylation of a-synuclein at the Serine-129 site (a-syn Ser129P) is an established pathologic hallmark of synucleinopathies and a therapeutic target. In physiologic states, only a small fraction of a-syn is phosphorylated at this site, and most studies have focused on the pathologic roles of this post-translational modification. We found that unlike wild-type (WT) a-syn which is widely expressed throughout the brain, the overall pattern of a-syn Ser129P is restricted, suggesting intrinsic regulation. Surprisingly, preventing Ser129P blocked activity-dependent synaptic attenuation by a-syn – thought to reflect its normal function. Exploring mechanisms, we found that neuronal activity augments Ser129P, which is a trigger for protein-protein interactions that are necessary for mediating a-syn function at the synapse. AlphaFold2-driven modeling and membrane-binding simulations suggest a scenario where Ser129P induces conformational changes that facilitate interactions with binding partners. Our experiments offer a new conceptual platform for investigating the role of Ser129 in synucleinopathies, with implications for drug-development.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Economic activities in Turin nightlife, April 2023

This dataset collects all the economic activities recorded by Turin's Chamber of Commerce according to their ATECO code.ATECO47.25.00   COMMERCIO AL DETTAGLIO DI BEVANDE56.30.00    BAR E ALTRI ESERCIZI SIMILI SENZA CUCINA90.01.01     ATTIVITÀ NEL CAMPO DELLA RECITAZIONE90.01.09     ALTRE RAPPRESENTAZIONI ARTISTICHE93.29.10     DISCOTECHE, SALE DA BALLO NIGHT-CLUB E SIMILI94.99.20      ATTIVITÀ DI ORGANIZZAZIONI CHE PERSEGUONO FINI CULTURALI, RICREATIVI E LA COLTIVAZIONE DI HOBBYWhen available on Google Maps or on activity's website, the closing time during the weekend has been indicated.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

High resolution wind speed measurements with multicopters of the SWUF-3D UAS fleet - calibration and verification in a wind tunnel with active grid

This dataset contains aggregated measurements from multicopter UAS. The data were measured during the period from October 5, 2022 to October 12, 2022 in the ForWind wind tunnel at the University of Oldenburg with UAS of the SWUF-3D fleet against Constant Temperature Anemometer (CTA). Recorded data are provided for measurement flights in different generated wind profiles, i.e. staircase profiles, gusts, velocity steps and statistical turbulence. The measurement data consist of the accelerations measured by the UAS in its longitudinal and lateral axes, as well as the wind speeds measured by the CTA. The latter data were sampled down to the sampling rate of the UAS wind measurement. For the measurements in statistical turbulence, additional files are provided which contain the wind speeds measured by the CTA in its original sampling rate. Each file contains the data for a single measurement flight, as well as information in the header about the ambient conditions in the wind tunnel. The file names contain the following metadata:for "gust" files:<ul><li>V0 :                     inertial velocity [m/s]</li><li>V_g :                   gust velocity amplitude [m/s]</li></ul>for "staircase" files:<ul><li>uas :                the ID of the UAS used [-]</li><li>heading :       yaw angle of UAS in relation to longitudinal axes of wind tunnel</li></ul>for "turbulence" files:<ul><li>V0 :                fan wind speed [m/s]</li><li>I :                    turbulence intensity [%]</li><li>f_cta :             sampling frequency of reference sensor [Hz] (for files with original sampling rate)</li></ul>for "velocity step" files:<ul><li>V0 :                 lower wind speed</li><li>V_du :            wind speed aimed for of upward and downward velocity step</li></ul>All filenames end with the test date in YYYY-MM-DD format.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes of activated sludge reactors at different disturbances and scales

Metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) are microbial genomes reconstructed from metagenomic data and can be assigned to known taxa or lead to uncovering novel ones. MAGs can provide insights into how microbes interact with the environment. Here, we performed genome-resolved metagenomics on sequencing data from four studies using sequencing batch reactors at microcosm (~25 mL) and mesocosm (~4 L) scales inoculated with sludge from full-scale wastewater treatment plants. These studies investigated how microbial communities in such plants respond to two environmental disturbances: the presence of toxic 3-chloroaniline and changes in organic loading rate. We report 839 non-redundant MAGs with at least 50% completeness and 10% contamination (MIMAG medium-quality criteria). From these, 399 are of putative high-quality, while sixty-seven meet the MIMAG high-quality criteria. MAGs in this catalogue represent the microbial communities in sixty-eight laboratory-scale reactors used for the disturbance experiments, and in the full-scale wastewater treatment plant which provided the source sludge. This dataset can aid meta-studies aimed at understanding the responses of microbial communities to disturbances, particularly as ecosystems confront rapid environmental changes.

Temporal mismatches in flight activity patterns between Pipistrellus kuhlii and Prays oleae in Mediterranean olive farms: Implications for biocontrol services potential

<ol> <li>Biocontrol services are widely recognized as providing key incentives for bat conservation. However, we have virtually no information on whether and how disruptions in bat-mediated biocontrol services are driven by mismatches between the temporal activity patterns of insectivorous bats and insect pests.</li> <li>2. We investigated the temporal relationship between the nightly activity patterns of the common pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus kuhlii) and the olive fruit moth (Prays oleae). Temporal mismatches between species pairs were estimated as the time difference (expressed as a percentage of the night) at which P. kuhlii and P. oleae reached 50% of their abundance.</li> <li>The study was carried out during spring, summer, and fall between 2017 and 2019 in 60 olive farms representing increasing levels of structural simplification (as a surrogate of agricultural intensification). Olive farms were classified as exhibiting high (i.e., HIGH olive farms; n = 27), intermediate (MID; n = 18), and low (LOW; n = 15) structural complexity. </li> <li>Temporal mismatches between the activity levels of P. kuhlii and P. oleae varied between seasons and types of olive farms, being comparatively lower in summer than in spring and fall. Furthermore, summer was the only season in which temporal mismatches between species pairs differed between types of olive farms, with higher temporal mismatches found in LOW than in HIGH and MID olive farms.</li> <li>Overall, our work demonstrates the existence of temporal mismatches between the nightly activity patterns of P. kuhlii and P. oleae. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the structural simplification of olive farms increases temporal mismatches between species pairs, particularly in summer when bat-mediated biocontrol services are most needed.</li> <li> Synthesis and applications. Future research should consider mismatches between the temporal activity patterns of insectivorous bats and insect pests. Otherwise, the actual impact of agricultural intensification on bat-mediated biocontrol services as well as the economic impact of their loss on the agriculture industry might be underestimated. To enhance biocontrol services, we propose increasing the availability of suitable roosting and foraging sites as well as conserving areas of remnant native woodland and scattered hollow-bearing trees.</li> </ol>

Data from: A maximum of two readily releasable vesicles per docking site at a cerebellar single active zone synapse

Recent research suggests that in central mammalian synapses, active zones contain several docking sites acting in parallel. Before release, one or several synaptic vesicles (SVs) are thought to bind to each docking site, forming the readily releasable pool (RRP). Determining the RRP size per docking site has important implications for short-term synaptic plasticity. Here, we take advantage of recently developed methods to count the number of released SVs at single glutamatergic synapses in response to trains of action potentials. In each recording, the number of docking sites was determined by fitting with a binomial model the number of released SVs in response to individual action potentials. After normalization with respect to the number of docking sites, the summed number of released SVs following a train of action potentials was used to estimate of the RRP size per docking site. To improve this estimate, various steps were taken to maximize the release probability of docked SVs, the occupancy of docking sites, as well as the extent of synaptic depression. Under these conditions, the RRP size reached a maximum value close to two SVs per docking site. The results indicate that each docking site contains two distinct SV binding sites that can simultaneously accommodate up to one SV each. They further suggest that under special experimental conditions, as both sites are close to full occupancy, a maximal RRP size of two SVs per docking site can be reached. More generally, the results validate a sequential two-step docking model previously proposed at this preparation.

Data from: Blood pressure pulsations modulate central neuronal activity via mechanosensitive ion channels

The transmission of heartbeat through the cerebral vascular system is known to cause intracranial pressure pulsations. Here we report that arterial pressure pulsations can directly modulate central neuronal activity. In a semi-intact rat brain preparation, vascular pressure pulsations elicit correlated local field oscillations in the olfactory bulb (OB) mitral cell layer. These oscillations do not require synaptic transmission, but reflect baroreceptive transduction in mitral cells. This transduction is mediated by an excitatory mechanosensitive ion channel and modulates neuronal spiking activity. Indeed, in awake animals, the heartbeat entrains the activity of a subset of OB neurons within ~20 ms. Thus, we propose that this fast intrinsic interoceptive mechanism can modulate perception, e.g. during arousal, within the OB and also possibly across various brain areas.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Supplementary Materials - Integrating Spatial Analyses and Microbotanical Remains: A Methodological Approach for Investigating Plant Processing Activities and Domestic Spaces at Neolithic Çatalhöyük.

Supplementary Materials I, II, and III - Integrating Spatial Analyses and Microbotanical Remains: A Methodological Approach for Investigating Plant Processing Activities and Domestic Spaces at Neolithic Çatalhöyük.   Supplementary I contains the raw data for the microbotanical analyses on Buildings 80 and 131. It consists of laboratory track sheets and the raw counts of phytoliths and starch grains from each building. Supplementary II contains: a) A detailed description of all the starch grain typologies encountered in this research along with references from modern reference collections; b) A visual example of each of the phytolith morphotypes identified and c) The variogram and the Kriging error variances. Supplementary III refers to the R code, building shape files (Mask), and spatial data utilized to produce the Kriging and IDW stipital objects.

Data from: Different dynamics and controls of enzyme activities of leaf and root litter during decomposition

Litter enzyme dynamics are strongly shaped by litter, soil, and microbial attributes during decomposition, however, enzyme dynamics of leaf and root litter remains unresolved due to contrasting differences in rates and controls on leaf and root litter decomposition. Herein, we conducted a 784-day field experiment to evaluate the relative importance of litter, alkaline soil, and microbial attributes to enzyme activities and their C:N:P stoichiometry of leaf and root litter during decomposition under subtropical land use change of China. We found that only the C- and N-acquiring enzyme activities of shrub leaves were greater than those of wood and crop, and there was no significant difference in P-acquiring enzyme activity among the three species of leaves. Both the C- and P-acquiring enzyme activities of crop roots were significantly lower than those of afforested lands (i.e., woodland and shrubland). The N-acquiring activities of wood roots were significantly lower than those of shrub and crop. At the temporal dynamics, the C-, N-, and P-acquiring enzyme activities of the leaves decreased with mass loss, which was affected by the shift in litter nutrients (e.g., N and P) and soil moisture during decomposition. In contrast, the three enzyme activities of roots increased with mass loss, largely due to the increase in microbial biomass of bacteria regulated by litter stoichiometry. The enzymatic C:nutrient (N and P) ratios declined with mass loss, but the enzymatic P:N ratios remained relatively constant with mass loss during the leaf litter decomposition. Whereas, both of the enzymatic C:nutrient ratios and enzymatic P:N ratios decreased with mass during the root litter decomposition. Our results showed that the enzymatic C:N:P stoichiometry of decaying leaves and roots was predominantly predicted by microbial biomass and bacterial biomass, respectively. Overall, we outlined the pattern of contrasting contributions of litter, soil, and microbial attributes to enzyme dynamics during decomposition, which provided a framework for better understanding litter C, N, and P dynamics in relation to microbial resource allocation strategy during decomposition.

Extended data for behavioural change for Parkinson's disease: A randomised controlled feasibility study to promote physical activity and exercise adherence among people with Parkinson's, study protocol

Background: Parkinson's is a common progressive neurological condition characterized by motor and non-motor deficits. Physical activity and exercise can improve health, but many people with Parkinson's have trouble reaching the recommended dosage. Our recent literature review found improvements in exercise adherence with behavioural change interventions, but it remains unclear which are most effective. Further qualitative research and patient and public involvement has informed a novel behavioural change support intervention to be tested alongside an existing exercise program. Objective: To examine the feasibility of behavioural change support techniques delivered alongside an exercise programme to improve physical activity, function, and self-efficacy in PwP (and study procedures) to inform a future pilot RCT trial. Methods: A parallel-arm single blinded randomised feasibility study. Twenty participants with Parkinson's (Hoehn and Yahr stage 1-3) will be recruited from a physiotherapy primary-care waiting list. Following written consent, and baseline assessment, the participants will be randomly allocated to the intervention (n=10) or the control group (n=10). Both groups will receive usual care, which includes a weekly program of a multidisciplinary education, a supervised exercise class and a prescribed home exercise program. The intervention group will receive additional behavioural change techniques, targeting behaviour regulation, belief about capabilities and social influences. Class and home exercise adherence, behavioural component uptake and adherence, and negative events will be recorded. Outcomes will include enrolment and maintenance rates, physical function, falls, physical activity, and exercise self-efficacy measured pre- and post- the 12- week program (in-person). Surveys will be used to compare experiences and satisfaction between groups. Exit interviews will be completed with the intervention group only, exploring their experience of the behavioural change techniques. Discussion: The results will help inform a future pilot RCT, based on the intervention acceptability, consent rate, maintenance, and protocol integrity.

Data from: LHFPL5 is a key element to the gating spring of cochlear hair cells: comparison of mechanotransduction channel activation in presence or absence of LHFPL5

During auditory transduction, sound-evoked vibrations of the hair cell stereociliary bundles open mechanotransducer (MET) ion channels via tip links extending from one stereocilium to its neighbor. How tension in the tip link is delivered to the channel is not fully understood. The MET channel comprises a pore-forming subunit, transmembrane channel-like protein (TMC1 or TMC2), aided by several accessory proteins, including LHFPL5 (lipoma HMGIC fusion partner-like 5). We investigated the role of LHFPL5 in transduction by comparing MET channel activation in outer hair cells of Lhfpl5-/- knockout mice with those in Lhfpl5+/- heterozygotes. The 10-90 percent working range of transduction in Tmc1+/+; Lhfpl5+/- was 52 nm, from which the single-channel gating force, Z was evaluated as 0.34 pN. However, in Tmc1+/+; Lhfpl5‑/- mice, the working range increased to 123 nm and Z more than halved to 0.13 pN, indicating reduced sensitivity. Tip link tension is thought to activate the channel via a gating spring, whose stiffness is inferred from the stiffness change on tip link destruction. The gating stiffness was ~40 percent of the total bundle stiffness in wild-type but was virtually abolished in Lhfpl5-/-, implicating LHFPL5 as a principal component of the gating spring. The mutation Tmc1 p.D569N reduced the LHFPL5 immunolabeling in the stereocilia and like Lhfpl5-/- doubled the MET working range but other deafness mutations had no effect on the dynamic range. We conclude that tip-link tension is transmitted to the channel primarily via LHFPL5; residual activation without LHFPL5 may occur by direct interaction between PCDH15 and TMC1.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Input parameters and output trajectory files for manuscript "Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoid Scaffolds on SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro: Insights from the Computational and Experimental Investigations"

Input parameters used for molecular dynamics simulations on GROMACS 2022 software and the output trajectory files for calculating binding free energy, in the manuscript with the title: "Inhibitory Activity of Flavonoid Scaffolds on SARS-CoV-2 3CLPro: Insights from the Computational and Experimental Investigations"

The emergence activities of nine cave-roosting bats under different lighting conditions

Artificial light at night has become an emerging environmental pollutant, posing a serious threat to biodiversity. Cave-roosting animals are vulnerable to light pollution due to long-term adaptation to nocturnal niches, and the problem is especially severe in the context of cave tourism and limestone mining. Mitigating the adverse impacts of artificial light on cave-dwelling animals presents a challenge. Here, we aimed to assess the relative contribution of spectral parameters and light intensity to emergence behavior among nine bat species inhabiting a karst cave, including Rhinolophus macrotis, Rhinolophus pearsonii, Rhinolophus rex, Rhinolophus pusillus, Rhinolophus siamensis, Rhinolophus sinicus, Hipposideros armiger, Myotis davidii, and Miniopterus fuliginosus. We manipulated light spectra and intensities through light-emitting diode (LED) lighting and gel filters at the entrance of bat roost. We monitored nightly passes per species to quantify bat emergence under the dark control and ten lighting conditions (blue, green, yellow, red, and white light at high and low intensities) using ultrasonic recording. Our analyses showed that the number of bat passes tended to be reduced in the presence of white, green, and yellow light, independent of light intensity. In contrast, the number of bat passes showed no pronounced differences under the dark control, blue light, and red light. The number of bat passes was primarily affected by LED light's blue component, red component, peak wavelength, and half-width instead of light intensity. These results demonstrate that spectral parameters of LED light can significantly affect emergence behavior of cave-dwelling bats. Our findings highlight the importance of manipulating light colors to reduce the negative impacts of light pollution on cave-roosting bats as a function of their spectral sensitivity. We recommend the use of gel filters to manage existing artificial lighting systems in underground habitats exploited by bats.

Data from: Direct propylene epoxidation via water activation over Pd-Pt electrocatalysts

Direct electrochemical propylene epoxidation using water oxidation intermediates presents a sustainable alternative to existing routes that involve hazardous chlorine or peroxide reagents. Here we report an oxidized palladium-platinum alloy catalyst (PdPtOx/C), which reaches a Faradaic efficiency of 66±5% toward propylene epoxidation at 50 mA/cm2 at ambient temperature and pressure. Embedding platinum into the palladium oxide crystal structure stabilized oxidized platinum species, resulting in improved catalyst performance. The reaction kinetics suggest that epoxidation on PdPtOx/C proceeds through electrophilic attack by metal-bound peroxo (OO*) intermediates. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for selective electrochemical oxygen-atom transfer from water, without mediators, for diverse oxygenation reactions.

Data from: Seeking temporal refugia to heat stress: Increasing nocturnal activity despite predation risk

Flexibility in activity timing may enable organisms to quickly adapt to environmental changes. Under global warming, diurnally adapted endotherms may achieve a better energy balance by shifting their activity towards cooler nocturnal hours. However, this shift may expose animals to new or increased environmental challenges (e.g., increased predation risk, reduced foraging efficiency). We analysed a large dataset of activity data from 47 ibex (Capra ibex) in two protected areas, characterized by varying levels of predation risk (presence vs absence of the wolf – Canis lupus). We found that ibex increased nocturnal activity following warmer days and during brighter nights. Despite the considerable sexual dimorphism typical of this species and the consequent different predation-risk perception, males and females demonstrated consistent responses to heat in both predator-present and predator-absent areas. This supports the hypothesis that shifting activity towards nighttime may be a common strategy adopted by diurnal endotherms in response to global warming. As nowadays different pressures are pushing mammals towards nocturnality, our findings emphasize the urgent need to integrate knowledge of temporal behavioural modifications into management and conservation planning.