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3,583 results for “elevations”
Figs. 5–8. Ancognatha species, parameres. 5–6 in A New, High-Elevation Species of the GenusAncognathaErichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Chile
Figs. 5–8. Ancognatha species, parameres. 5–6) A. aymara, caudal and lateral views; 7–8) A. erythrodera, caudal and lateral views. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 1. A in Elevation of Symplocos macrophylla subsp. namboodiriana (Symplocaceae) to the species rank
FIGURE 1. A. Habitat on Agasthyamala Peak. B. Habit. C. Young branchlet. D. Flowering branchlets. E. Fruiting branchlet. F. Young branchlet. G. Midvein and two secondary veins, abaxial view. H. Leaf margin and apex, adaxial view. I. Petiole and leaf base, adaxial view. J. Mature leaf, abaxial view. K–M. Different stages of flower, lateral view: young bud (K), older bud (L), and at anthesis (M). N. Calyx lobe separated from hypanthium, abaxial view. O. Corolla and stamens, apical view. P. Bract, adaxial view. Q. Bracteole, adaxial view. R. Disk, apical view. S–T. Gynoecium, lateral view, with calyx intact (S) and removed (T). U–V. Fruit, lateral view of young (U) and mature (V) fruit. W. Endocarp, lateral view. X. C/S of Endocarp. Y. Seed, lateral view. Z. Unidentified moth larva found inside an endocarp. All photographs by J. Stephan.
FIGURE 7 in Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus
FIGURE 7. Field photographs of Margyricarpus pinnatus. A. Detail of the dehydrated fruits, showing the endocarp sculpture. B. Detail of a fruit, showing the fleshy white hypanthium. C. Habit.
FIGURE 6 in Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus
FIGURE 6. Lectotype of Margyricarpus patagonicus (C.L. Spegazzini s.n., LP barcode 005583). Copyright: Museo de La Plata.
FIGURE 4 in Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus
FIGURE 4. Field photographs of Margyricarpus microcarpus. A. Detail of the flowers. B–C. Detail of the fruits. D. Dehydrated fruits, showing the endocarp sculpture. E. Detail of the stem and leaves. F. Habit and habitat.
FIGURE 5 in Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus
FIGURE 5. Holotype of Margyricarpus microcarpus (L.A. Funez et al. 8774 FURB-65014). Copyright: Universidade Regional de Blumenau.
FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus
FIGURE 2. Holotype of (Margyricarpus lanatus J.A. Jarenkow & M. Sobral 3092 MBM-212633). Copyright: Museu Botânico Municipal de Curitiba.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Margyricarpus (Rosaceae, Sanguisorbeae) from high-elevation grasslands in southern Brazil, and other notes on the genus Margyricarpus
FIGURE 1. Photographs of the holotype of Margyricarpus lanatus. A. Detail of the dehydrated fruits, showing the endocarp sculpture. B. Detail of the fruit, showing the persistent sepals. C. Apex of a stem, showing the dense pilose leaves. D. Detail of the leaflets.
FIGURE. Floral asymmetry patterns found in the studied species. Flower with the adaxial petal like a standard in Ch. celiae (A), Ch. megacycla (B), Ch. pachyclada (C), Ch. crenulata (D), Ch. tocantinensis (E), Ch. orbiculata (F). Flower with four slightly elevated flat petals and one asymmetric lower lateral Ch. claussenii. (G). Flower with one of the inner petals small and the other coiled in the androecium in Ch. cercidifolia (H). Flower with adaxial petal and right upper lateral similar in shape and size in the same plane in Ch. cyclophylla (I), Ch. claussenii (J), Ch. rigidifolia (K) e Ch. veadeirana (L). in Taxonomic review of Chamaecrista sect. Absus subsect. Absus ser. Paniculatae (Benth.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)
FIGURE. Floral asymmetry patterns found in the studied species. Flower with the adaxial petal like a standard in Ch. celiae (A), Ch. megacycla (B), Ch. pachyclada (C), Ch. crenulata (D), Ch. tocantinensis (E), Ch. orbiculata (F). Flower with four slightly elevated flat petals and one asymmetric lower lateral Ch. claussenii. (G). Flower with one of the inner petals small and the other coiled in the androecium in Ch. cercidifolia (H). Flower with adaxial petal and right upper lateral similar in shape and size in the same plane in Ch. cyclophylla (I), Ch. claussenii (J), Ch. rigidifolia (K) e Ch. veadeirana (L).
Magnitude and mechanisms of nitrogen-mediated responses of tree biomass production to elevated CO2: a global synthesis
<p>1. Elevated atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration (eCO<sub>2</sub>) typically stimulates tree growth, which is mediated by nitrogen (N) availability; but how N regulates tree biomass responses to eCO<sub>2</sub> remains uncertain, which limits our prediction of forest carbon (C) cycling under future global change scenarios.</p> <p>2. A meta-analysis of a global dataset including 3399 observations from 283 papers published from 1980s to February 2021 was conducted with the aim of elucidating N-mediated responses of tree biomass production to eCO<sub>2</sub> and the underlying mechanisms.</p> <p>3. We found that eCO<sub>2</sub> stimulated tree biomass production (+32.0%), while it induced accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrates in leaves rather than in woods and roots, suggesting that the production may be C-limited but depend on the sink strength of organs. Biomass responses to eCO<sub>2</sub> of N-fertilized trees (+39.6%) were 68.4% greater than those of non-fertilized trees (+25%), confirming that tree growth is also N-limited. Such N limitation was alleviated by the eCO<sub>2</sub>-induced increases in N uptake and N-use efficiency (NUE), with the former being more important. Increases in tree N pool arose from the enhanced production of fine roots with a lower specific root length, whereas increases in NUE resulted from the flexibility in tissue C:N ratios instead of N resorption efficiency. The positive responses of tree biomass production to eCO<sub>2</sub> were greater for ectomycorrhizal trees and conifers than for arbuscular mycorrhizal trees and angiosperms, respectively.</p> <p>4. Synthesis: Our findings suggest that eCO<sub>2</sub> stimulates tree biomass production by increasing C availability, and alleviating N limitation in a feedback way via enhancing N uptake and NUE; and they improve our mechanistic understanding of responses of forest productivity and C sequestration to eCO<sub>2</sub> under global change.</p>
Uptake of nitrogen forms by diploid and triploid white poplar depends on seasonal carbon use strategy and elevated summer ozone
<p>This dataset contains data from an experiment described in the paper: "Miaomiao Wang, Guolei Li, Zhaozhong Feng, Yong Liu, Yansen Xu, Mercedes Uscola. Uptake of nitrogen forms by diploid and triploid white poplar depends on seasonal carbon use strategy and elevated summer ozone. Journal of Experimental Botany, erab317, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab317".</p> <p class="15">In the study, we investigated the mechanisms of N forms acquisition in response to developmental phase allowing us to analyze the plasticity in N forms preferences due to internal plant N demands that are modified by growth rates. As a second objective we evaluate the effects of O<sub><span>3</span></sub> enriched atmosphere during summer on the N forms uptake rates, which is a major air pollutant harmful to terrestrial vegetation and to human health. </p> <p class="15">Main results of the experiments are that (1) Both ploidy levels had the physiological capacity to absorb intact glycine, and differed in growth, C and N acquisition patterns and N forms preferences. (2) Diploid, with six times higher RGR in spring than in summer, but similar absolute growth between seasons, showed plasticity on N forms preferences in response to seasons, shifting from no preferences in spring to strong preference on NO<sub><span>3</span></sub><sup><span>-</span></sup> in summer. (3) Triploid, with only two times higher RGR in spring than in summer, but strongly higher absolute growth in summer than in spring, showed no plasticity among N forms in response to season and an overall preference for NO<sub><span>3</span></sub><sup><span>-</span></sup>. (4) In response to O<sub><span>3</span></sub>, both ploidy levels decreased their NO<sub><span>3</span></sub><sup><span>- </span></sup>uptake rates as a consequence of C acquisition reduction. However, while diploid was not able to modify its preferences among N forms, and therefore decreased total N uptake rate, triploid was able to compensate the reduction in NO<sub><span>3</span></sub><sup><span>-</span></sup> uptake by increasing NH<sub><span>4</span></sub><sup><span>+</span></sup> and glycine acquisition, further decreasing the cost of N uptaken metabolism. (5) The different plasticity on N forms preferences across seasons and in response to elevated O<sub><span>3</span></sub> between ploidy levels was attributed to different C and N use strategy among nutrients functions in plants, i.e. mass growth, N uptake and metabolism and nutrient reserve, including repair or detoxication in response to O<sub><span>3</span></sub>. Those strategies are deeply explored in the discussion.</p>
Seasonal variation in community composition and distributional ranges of birds along a subtropical elevation gradient in China
<p><strong>Aim</strong><br> Seasonal variation in community composition and species distributional ranges along elevational gradients remain poorly known but are essential to inform conservation. In this study, we aim to understand how species richness, community composition, and elevational ranges of montane birds change between the breeding and the non-breeding season.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong><br> The east slope of the southern Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan, southwestern China, elevational range: 700 - 3400 m a.s.l.; latitudinal range: 24°56´- 26°09´ N.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong><br> We compared bird species richness and community composition in nine 300-m elevational bands in the breeding (April - May) and non-breeding (December - January) seasons. We also calculated seasonal elevational shifts of 97 species with sufficient data recorded in both seasons and assessed how species' traits influenced these shifts.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong><br> Species richness declined in high and low elevations between the breeding and non-breeding season. The temporal beta diversity shift from the breeding to the non-breeding season was mainly caused by species losses rather than species gains in high- and low- elevation communities. Communities in middle elevations showed a contrasting pattern, with seasonal composition change resulting mainly from species gains. We also found that species' seasonal distribution shifts were mainly associated with breeding elevation and diet. Notably, high- and middle-elevation breeders and insectivores significantly shifted their elevational ranges downslope in the non-breeding season. In addition, species that participate in mixed-species flocks and that rely on forests also showed significant downslope shifts in the non-breeding season.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions</strong><br> These results show complex patterns of the interconnectedness of bird communities along the elevational gradient. Keeping forests at middle elevations intact appears especially important as they are used in winter by species that breed at both high and middle elevations. Furthermore, our results suggested conservation actions maintaining connectedness in low and middle elevations are urgently needed to conserve regional biodiversity and highlight the importance of seasonality in montane ecosystem research.</p>
High-resolution X-ray computed tomography images of Bentheim sandstone under elevated stress
<p>A dry sample of Bentheim (or Bentheimer) sandstone was characterized using 3D X-Ray microscopy (Versa XRM-500, XRadia-Zeiss) at three different confining pressures of 1 MPa, 20 MPa, and 30 MPa and two voxel sizes of (1.5854 µm)<sup>3</sup> and (3.3452 µm)<sup>3</sup>. The 5-mm-diameter, 20-mm-long dry sample was placed inside a custom-made pressure sell (Lebedev et al, 2017). The sample was subjected to confining pressure of 20 MPa and 3200 radiographs were acquired, then confining pressure was reduced to 1MPa and the sample was imaged again, finally, the sample was pressurized up to 30MPa and the final image set was taken. Image reconstruction was done using internal software (XRadia-Zeiss).</p>
Long-term changes in flowering synchrony reflect climatic changes across an elevational gradient
<p>These are the data with the accompanying R code used in the article "Long-term changes in flowering synchrony reflect climatic changes across an elevational gradient", by Fisogni A, de Manincor N, Bertelsen CD, and Rafferty NE.</p> <p>We provide the raw data on flowering phenology, temperature and precipitation data in the study area, and overlap estimates used to evaluate temporal changes within and between elevations and their relationship with changing climatic variables.</p> <p>Data are .txt files with tab separated values.</p> <p>The raw dataset was created by C. David Bertelsen from field observations performed from 1984 to 2019 along a fixed transect in the Santa Catalina Mountains, Arizona, USA.</p>
FIGURE 2.a in A new species of Raorchestes (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from mid-elevation evergreen forests of the southern Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 2.a. Raorchestes kakachi sp. nov. holotype in life (male, SVL = 25.8 mm; ZSI/WGRC/V/A/857); b. Paratype in life (female, SVL = 34.1; ZSI/WGRC/V/A/858). Photographed in type locality by KSS.
FIGURE 3.a–f in A new species of Raorchestes (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from mid-elevation evergreen forests of the southern Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 3.a–f. Raorchestes kakachi sp.nov. holotype in preservative. a. dorsal view; b. ventral view; c. ventral view of head; d. lateral view of head; e. ventral view of hand; f. ventral view of foot; g. dorso-ventral view of hand in life (female, ZSI/ WGRC/V/A/858) and h. schematic diagram of webbing in feet. All photographs by KSS.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Raorchestes (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from mid-elevation evergreen forests of the southern Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 1. Map showing the Western Ghats in peninsular India and details of the type locality of Raorchestes kakachi sp.nov.
FIGURE 4.a–c in A new species of Raorchestes (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from mid-elevation evergreen forests of the southern Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 4.a–c. Variations in morphology among males of Raorchestes kakachi sp. nov. from type locality (a & b: not collected, c: 858) d: holotype male calling (857); e. Variation in female (859) & f. amplecting pair (858). Numbers in parenthesis indicate voucher numbers with ZSI/WGRC/V/A as prefix. All photographs by KSS.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of Raorchestes (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from mid-elevation evergreen forests of the southern Western Ghats, India
FIGURE 5. Morphometric distinction of two Raorchestes species. The head width has been plotted with head length. Closed triangle indicates Raorchestes kaikatti (five males: BNHS 4557, 4465, 4417, 4466 and SDB 541, Type locality: Kaikatti) and open diamond indicates Raorchestes kakachi sp. nov. (three males, ZSI/WGRC/V/A 857,858). Closed diamonds indicates three females (ZSI/WGRC/V/A 858, 859).
FIGURE 4 in A new species of the genus Calotes (Squamata: Agamidae) from high elevations of the Knuckles Massif of Sri Lanka
FIGURE 4. Distribution map of C. liocephalus (red), and C. pethiyagodai sp. nov. (blue) based on examined specimens and personal observations made over the past 10 years.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.