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Figure 2 in A new species of the genus Coraciacarus (Gabuciniidae, Pterolichoidea) from the huia Heteralocha acutirostris (Callaeatidae, Passeriformes), an extinct bird species from New Zealand
Figure 2. Coraciacarus muellermotzfeldi sp. nov., male. (A) Ventral view, (B) dorsal view. Setal designations of idiosoma after Griffiths et al. (1990).
Figure 1 in A new species of the genus Coraciacarus (Gabuciniidae, Pterolichoidea) from the huia Heteralocha acutirostris (Callaeatidae, Passeriformes), an extinct bird species from New Zealand
Figure 1. Investigated individuals of huia Heteralocha acutorostris (Gould, 1837) from the collection of the Zoological Institute and Museum, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany. Left – female, right – male.
Phylogenetic diversity rankings in the face of extinctions: The robustness of the fair proportion index
<p>Planning for the protection of species often involves difficult choices about which species to prioritize, given constrained resources.<br> One way of prioritizing species is to consider their "evolutionary distinctiveness'', i.e. their relative evolutionary isolation on a phylogenetic tree. Several evolutionary isolation metrics or phylogenetic diversity indices have been introduced in the literature, among them the so-called Fair Proportion index (also known as the "evolutionary distinctiveness" score). This index apportions the total diversity of a tree among all leaves, thereby providing a simple prioritization criterion for conservation. </p> <p>Here, we focus on the prioritization order obtained from the Fair Proportion index and analyze the effects of species extinction on this ranking. More precisely, we analyze the extent to which the ranking order may change when some species go extinct and the Fair Proportion index is re-computed for the remaining taxa. We show that for each phylogenetic tree, there are edge lengths such that the extinction of one leaf per cherry completely reverses the ranking. Moreover, we show that even if only the lowest ranked species goes extinct, the ranking order may drastically change. <br> We end by analyzing the effects of these two extinction scenarios (extinction of the lowest ranked species and extinction of one leaf per cherry) for a collection of empirical and simulated trees. In both cases, we can observe significant changes in the prioritization orders, highlighting the empirical relevance of our theoretical findings.</p>
FIGURE 1 in The Encyclopedia of Life vs. the Brochure of Life: Exploring the relationships between the extinction of species and the inventory of life on Earth
FIGURE 1. Total number of species described after 25 years, expressed as a percentage of the remaining total number of species (y axis), for different rates of discovery of new species (x axis; current values, 1 = 10,000 species/year). Three estimates of the total number of species living in year 2000 are considered: a very low estimate, 3 million (white rectangles), a middle estimate, 10 million (grey rectangles) and a high estimate, 100 million (black rectangles); in all cases, the number of species described up to year 2000 is estimated to be 1.5 million. Only if total biodiversity is very low and rates of discovery are 10 times current values (or higher), can the Encyclopedia of Life be totally accomplished in 25 years (% Described = 100; note the exclamation symbols, '!').
FIGURE 2 in The Encyclopedia of Life vs. the Brochure of Life: Exploring the relationships between the extinction of species and the inventory of life on Earth
FIGURE 2. Relationships between the rate of description of new species ('Discovery', left axis; current values, 1 = 10,000 species/ year; logarithmic scale), the time needed to describe all the species at that rate ('Time', right axis; in years; logarithmic scale), and the number of species that are lost to extinction during this time ('Biodiversity loss', horizontal axis; logarithmic scale). Three estimates of the total number of species living in year 2000 are considered: a very low estimate, 3 million (thin curves); a middle estimate, 10 million (dotted curves), and a high estimate, 100 million (thick curves). For each case, two curves are shown: discovery rates (D curves, like, D3 for 3 million species or D100 for 100 million) and time to complete the Encyclopedia of Life (i.e., time to extinction of the species indicated in the horizontal axis; t curves, like t10 for 10 million). Vertical and horizontal dotted lines are used in the figure as an example and evidence that, if the total number of species existing in year 2000 is estimated in 10 million (dotted curves), ca. 106 species (point a) will be lost during the completion of the Encyclopedia (in a time span above 100 years, point b) if we work at a rate of discovery close to 7 times the current one (point c).
FIGURE 3 in Schweigger's (1812) chelonian types from the extinct eighteenth century Portuguese "Royal cabinet of natural history of Ajuda": some contributions for their identification and nomenclatural implications
FIGURE 3. Skeleton of Podocnemis expansa sent to the Cabinet of Ajuda by Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira in 1787, and photographed in the Museum of Lisbon in 1923. The specimen was consumed by the catastrophic fire of 1978. Photography adapted from Ferreira (1923).
FIGURE 2 in Schweigger's (1812) chelonian types from the extinct eighteenth century Portuguese "Royal cabinet of natural history of Ajuda": some contributions for their identification and nomenclatural implications
FIGURE 2. The capture and cooking of turtle eggs by Amerindians in order to produce turtle butter, a highly appreciated product. Illustration adapted from Ferreira (1972).
FIGURE 5 in Schweigger's (1812) chelonian types from the extinct eighteenth century Portuguese "Royal cabinet of natural history of Ajuda": some contributions for their identification and nomenclatural implications
FIGURE 5. Fiber analysis and comparison of the specimens using a binocular magnifier (12x, 25x, and 50x), showing clear differences between the Ajuda specimens (MNHN 7773, 7997, 9417, 9554) and non-Ajuda specimens (MNHN 7534, 7893, 9566).
FIGURE 1 in Schweigger's (1812) chelonian types from the extinct eighteenth century Portuguese "Royal cabinet of natural history of Ajuda": some contributions for their identification and nomenclatural implications
FIGURE 1. The capture of turtles by Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira's crew. The Portuguese naturalists can be seen in the boat at left, and the Amerindians are capturing specimens of Podocnemis expansa. Illustration adapted from Ferreira (1972).
FIGURE 4 in Schweigger's (1812) chelonian types from the extinct eighteenth century Portuguese "Royal cabinet of natural history of Ajuda": some contributions for their identification and nomenclatural implications
FIGURE 4. Comparison of specimens' false eyes, showing clear differences between the Ajuda specimens (MNHN 7773, 7997, 9417, 9554, A7678, and the Lisbon Academy of Sciences specimen; in red box) and non-Ajuda specimens (MNHN 7534, 7893, 9566; in blue box). With the exception of MNHN 7773, which was remounted in Paris, all Ajuda specimens present painted wooden eyes.
FIGURE 1 in Parergodrilus heideri Reisinger, 1925 (Annelida: Polychaeta) from a holm oak wood in an extinct volcano of southern Italy
FIGURE 1. Parergodrilus heideri in the crater of Astroni, Naples, Italy. (A), Living adult female on a Q. ilex leaf encrusted with sand and debris. (B), Location of the collecting site. Courtesy Google Earth.
FIGURE 2 in Parergodrilus heideri Reisinger, 1925 (Annelida: Polychaeta) from a holm oak wood in an extinct volcano of southern Italy
FIGURE 2. Distribution of Parergodrilus heideri in Europe. (A), Map of records (in red the new localities) Courtesy Google Earth. (B), Altitudinal distribution of records in relation to latitude (horizontal axis not in scale).
FIGURE 2 in Genetic differentiation in the nearly extinct harlequin frogs (Bufonidae: Atelopus), with emphasis on the Andean Atelopus ignescens and A. bomolochos species complexes
FIGURE 2. Clades of Atelopus recovered with Bayesian (left) and Maximum Likelihood (right) criteria. * = significant support (posterior probability ≥ 0.95 in Bayesian tree; bootstrap support ≥ 70% in ML tree).
FIGURE 3 in Genetic differentiation in the nearly extinct harlequin frogs (Bufonidae: Atelopus), with emphasis on the Andean Atelopus ignescens and A. bomolochos species complexes
FIGURE 3. Distribution of the species of Atelopus included in this study and proposed biogeographic barriers(rivers and valleys).
Figure 3 in Trigonotarbus johnsoni Pocock, 1911, revealed by X-ray computed tomography, with a cladistic analysis of the extinct trigonotarbid arachnids
Figure 3. Tomographic reconstruction of Trigonotarbus johnsoni based on specimen NHMUK I. 15860. A, dorsal view. B, fourth right leg, podomeres labelled. C, ventral view. D, ventrolateral view of the coxo-sternal region. Abbreviations: 1–12, segment number; CE1−2, coxal endites 1–2; CH, chelicerae; CL, clypeus; FE, femur; L1−L4, legs 1–4; ME, median eye tubercle; MT, metatarsus; PA, patella; PP, pedipalp; PR, projection; TA, tarsus; TI, tibia; TR, trochanter. Scale bars: A, C = 2 mm, B = 1 mm, D = 0.5 mm.
Figure 1 in Trigonotarbus johnsoni Pocock, 1911, revealed by X-ray computed tomography, with a cladistic analysis of the extinct trigonotarbid arachnids
Figure 1. Reconstructions of representatives of nine trigonotarbid families, shown to scale. A, Palaeocharinus rhyniensis (Palaeocharinidae). B, Archaeomartus levis (Archaeomartidae). C, Anthracomartus hindi (Anthracomartidae). D, Anthracosiro woodwardi (Anthracosironidae). E, Trigonotarbus johnsoni (Trigonotarbidae). F, Lissomartus schucherti (Lissomartidae). G, Aphantomartus pustulatus (Aphantomartidae). H, Eophrynus prestvicii (Eophrynidae). I, Kreischeria wiedei (Kreischeriidae). Scale bar = 10 mm.
Figure 5 in Trigonotarbus johnsoni Pocock, 1911, revealed by X-ray computed tomography, with a cladistic analysis of the extinct trigonotarbid arachnids
Figure 5. The results of the cladistic analysis. The four trees show, as labelled, the agreement subtree and strict consensus of both the equally weighted analysis and implied weights analyses with concavity constants (k) of 0.25, 1, 3, and 10.
Figure 4 in Trigonotarbus johnsoni Pocock, 1911, revealed by X-ray computed tomography, with a cladistic analysis of the extinct trigonotarbid arachnids
Figure 4. An idealized reconstruction of Trigonotarbus johnsoni based on the computed tomography scan of NHMUK I. 15860 and additional hand specimens. Scale bar = 2 mm.
Figure 11. A in Phylogenetic interrelationships of living and extinct Tinamidae, volant palaeognathous birds from the New World
Figure 11. A, femur, craniomedial view, of Nothoprocta taczanowskii. B–D, femur, proximal end (cranial view): Megapodius freycinet (B); Nothoprocta ornata (C); and Tinamus tao (D). E, F, femur, distal end (medial view) of Rhynchotus maculicollis (E) and Tinamotis pentlandii (F). G–L, tibiotarsus, distal end (cranial view): Nothoprocta perdicaria (G); Rhynchotus maculicollis (H); Megapodius freycinet (I); Tinamotis penlandii (J); Tinamus tao (K); and Eudromia elegans (L). M, N, tibiotarsus, proximal end (cranial view) of Tinamus tao (M) and Tinamotis pentlandii (N). Abbreviations: cf, caput femoris; cl, condylus lateralis; cm, condylus medialis; cnc, crista cnemialis cranialis; cnl, crista cnemialis lateralis; ct, crista trochanteris; ft, fossa trochanteris; ps, pons supratendineus; se, sulcus extensorius; si, incisura intercondylaris; su, sulcus intercondylaris; tf, trochanter femoris. The numbers denote characters and character states as listed in Appendix 2. Figures are not drawn to scale.
Figure 8. A–H in Phylogenetic interrelationships of living and extinct Tinamidae, volant palaeognathous birds from the New World
Figure 8. A–H, sternum, ventral view, proximal end: Eudromia elegans (A); Nothocercus julius (B); Nothura maculosa (C); Nothoprocta cinerascens (D); Crypturellus erythropus (E); Taoniscus nanus (F); Tinamotis pentlandii (G); and Tinamus major (H). I, J, clavicula of Nothoprocta pentlandii (caudal view; I) and Crypturellus brevirostris (cranial view; J). K, L, scapula (medial view) of Nothoprocta pentlandii (K) and Tinamus major (L). Abbreviations: a, acromion; c, carina sterni; cl, crista lateralis carinae; es, extremitas sternalis claviculae; fa, facies articularis acrocoracoidea; fh, facies articularis humeralis; fn, foramen pneumaticum; ic, incisura intercostalis; il, incisura lateralis; pa, processus acromialis; pc, processus craniolateralis; sa, sulcus articularis coracoideus; sc, sulcus carinae; si, spina interna; tl, trabecula lateralis. The numbers denote characters and character states as listed in Appendix 2. Figures are not drawn to scale.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.