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Figure 1 from: Márquez-García F, García-Alonso D, Guerra-Barrena MJ, Vázquez-Pardo FM (2021) Vascular plants dataset of the herbarium (HSS) of Agrarian Research Institute Finca "La Orden-Valdesequera" (CICYTEX), Extremadura, Spain. PhytoKeys 171: 47-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.171.58900
Figure 1 Families with greatest number of specimens in the HSS Herbarium (A) Genera represented by the highest number of specimens in the HSS Herbarium (B).
Supplementary material 1 from: Márquez-García F, García-Alonso D, Guerra-Barrena MJ, Vázquez-Pardo FM (2021) Vascular plants dataset of the herbarium (HSS) of Agrarian Research Institute Finca "La Orden-Valdesequera" (CICYTEX), Extremadura, Spain. PhytoKeys 171: 47-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.171.58900
Taxonomic coverage of the HSS Herbarium
Figure 5 from: Márquez-García F, García-Alonso D, Guerra-Barrena MJ, Vázquez-Pardo FM (2021) Vascular plants dataset of the herbarium (HSS) of Agrarian Research Institute Finca "La Orden-Valdesequera" (CICYTEX), Extremadura, Spain. PhytoKeys 171: 47-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.171.58900
Figure 5 Collection points of the HSS Herbarium in Extremadura (Note: 1 southern slope of the Gredos Mountain range 2 Gata Mountain range 3 Villuercas Mountain range 4 Guadiana River valley 5 Badajoz Mountain range 6 foothills of Sierra Morena).
Figure 2 from: Márquez-García F, García-Alonso D, Guerra-Barrena MJ, Vázquez-Pardo FM (2021) Vascular plants dataset of the herbarium (HSS) of Agrarian Research Institute Finca "La Orden-Valdesequera" (CICYTEX), Extremadura, Spain. PhytoKeys 171: 47-59. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.171.58900
Figure 2 Genera with greatest number of species and infraespecific taxa (subspecies and varieties) in the HSS Herbarium.
Figure 1 from: Merkhan M, Mohammad J, Fathi Z, Younis Z, Mahmood S, Mohammed M (2021) Silent hyperlipidaemia modulated vascular endothelial markers. Pharmacia 68(2): 479-484. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e67959
Figure 1 Lipid profile is higher in patient group compared to healthy individuals. LDL=low density lipoprotein, VLDL= very low-density lipoprotein. Data expressed as mean±SD, *p<0.001.
Figure 2 from: Merkhan M, Mohammad J, Fathi Z, Younis Z, Mahmood S, Mohammed M (2021) Silent hyperlipidaemia modulated vascular endothelial markers. Pharmacia 68(2): 479-484. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e67959
Figure 2 Hyperlipidaemia associated with modulation of vascular endothelial markers. Comparison between result analysed from serum of healthy and patient group indicated that Hyperlipidaemia reduced arylesterase (AE) and nitric oxide (NO) together with increase peroxidae (PO), arginase (AG), metalloendopeptidase (MEP), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and peroxynitrite (PN). Data expressed as mean±SD, *p<0.001.
Data from: Vascular disease in COPD: systemic and pulmonary expression of PARC (Pulmonary and Activation-Regulated Chemokine)
Introduction. The role of Pulmonary and Activation-Regulated Chemokine (PARC) in the physiopathology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is not fully understood. The aim of the present study is to analyze the expression of PARC in lung tissue and its relationship with the vascular remodeling of the systemic and pulmonary arteries of COPD subjects. Methods. To achieve this objective, protein and gene expression experiments, together with ELISA assays, were performed on the lung tissue, intercostal arteries and serum samples from COPD patients, non-obstructed smokers (NOS) and never-smokers (NS). Results. A total of 57 subjects were included in the analysis (23 COPD, 18 NOS and 16 NS). In the comparisons between groups, a significantly increased lung protein expression of PARC was observed in the COPD group compared to the NOS group (1.96±0.22 vs. 1.29±0.27, P-adjusted=0.038). PARC was located predominantly in the smooth muscle cells of the remodeled pulmonary muscular arteries and the macrophage-rich area of the alveolar parenchyma. No differences were detected in PARC gene expression analyses. The protein content of PARC in the intercostal arteries were similar between groups, though little remodeling was observed in these arteries. Circulating levels of PARC were numerically higher in patients with COPD compared to NOS and NS. Conclusion. The results of the present study suggest an increased lung protein expression of PARC in COPD subjects. This protein was mainly localized in the smooth muscle cells of the pulmonary muscular arteries and was associated with the severity of intimal thickening, indicating its possible role in this remodeling process.
Data from: Metabolic syndrome is a strong risk factor for minor ischemic stroke and subsequent vascular events
Background Minor ischemic stroke (MIS) represents a major global public health problem worldwide due to high incidence. The aim of this study was to investigate whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a strong risk for MIS and subsequent vascular events (SVE). Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed examining symptomatic MIS in a Chinese neurologic outpatient population aged over 25 years without history of stroke. MetS was defined using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. MIS was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging-diffusion weighted images or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. Results Of 1361 outpatients, a total of 753 (55.3%) patients were diagnosed with MIS; of them, 80% had a score of 0 using the MIS had a 0 score on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Among these, 303 (40.2%) individuals with MIS were diagnosed with MetS. Diagnosed of MIS with MetS significantly correlated with abdominal obesity (30.7% v.s 18.0%), hypertension (91.1% v.s 81.6%), increased blood glucose (6.9±2.4 v.s 5.0±0.4), dyslipidemia (78.2% v.s 48.2%), and SVE (50.5% v.s 11.3%) when compared with the controls group. On adjusted analysis, the risk of SVE was also significantly associated with three additional MetS criterion (RR,9.0; 95% CI, 5.677–14.46). Using Cox proportional analysis, risk of SVE in patient with MIS was significantly associated with MetS (RR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.799–6.210), older age (RR, 1.0; 95% CI, 1.001–1.048), and high blood glucose (RR,1.1; 95%CI, 1.007–1.187). Conclusions The MetS is a strong risk factor for MIS, and patients presenting with MIS and MetS are at a high risk of SVE. Further studies are required to determine the improvement of Mets prevention in the reduction of MIS and SVE.
Data from: Vascular patterns in the heads of crocodilians: blood vessels and sites of thermal exchange
Extant crocodilians are a highly apomorphic archosaur clade that is endothermic, yet often achieve large body sizes that can be subject to higher heat loads. Therefore, the anatomical and physiological roles that blood vessels play in crocodilian thermoregulation need further investigation to better understand how crocodilians establish and maintain cephalic temperatures and regulate neurosensory tissue temperatures during basking and normal activities. The cephalic vascular anatomy of extant crocodilians, particularly American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) was investigated using a differential-contrast, dual-vascular injection technique and high resolution X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT). Blood vessels were digitally isolated to create representations of vascular pathways. The specimens were then dissected to confirm CT results. Sites of thermal exchange, consisting of the oral, nasal, and orbital regions, were given special attention due to their role in evaporative cooling and cephalic thermoregulation in other diapsids. Blood vessels to and from sites of thermal exchange were studied to detect conserved vascular patterns and to assess their ability to deliver cooled blood to neurosensory tissues. Within the orbital region, both the arteries and veins demonstrated consistent branching patterns, with the supraorbital, infraorbital, and ophthalmotemporal vessels supplying and draining the orbit. The venous drainage of the orbital region showed connections to the dural sinuses via the orbital veins and cavernous sinus. The palatal region demonstrated a vast plexus that comprised both arteries and veins. The most direct route of venous drainage of the palatal plexus was through the palatomaxillary veins, essentially bypassing neurosensory tissues. Anastomotic connections with the nasal region, however, may provide an alternative route for palatal venous blood to reach neurosensory tissues. The nasal region in crocodilians is probably the most prominent site of thermal exchange, as it offers a substantial surface area and is completely surrounded by blood vessels. The venous drainage routes from the nasal region offer routes directly to the dural venous sinuses and the orbit, offering evidence of the potential to directly affect neurosensory tissue temperatures. The evolutionary history of crocodilians is complex, with large-bodied, terrestrial, and possibly endothermic taxa that may have had to deal with thermal loads that likely provided the anatomical building-blocks for such an extensive vascularization of sites of thermal exchange. A clear understanding of the physiological abilities and the role of blood vessels in the thermoregulation of crocodilians neurosensory tissues is not available but vascular anatomical patterns of crocodilian sites of thermal exchange indicate possible physiological abilities that may be more sophisticated than in other extant diapsids.
Data from: Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of vascular plants at Ma'anling volcano urban park in tropical Haikou, China: Reponses to soil properties
Anthropogenic processes and socio-economic factors play important roles in shaping plant diversity in urban parks. To investigate how plant diversity of Ma' anling urban volcano park in Hainan Province, China respond to these factors, we carried out a field investigation on the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of vascular plants and soil properties in this area. We found 284 species of vascular plants belonging to 88 families and 241 genera, which included 194 native species, 23 invasive species, 31 naturalized species, 40 cultivars, and 4 rare / endangered plant species. Tree composition and richness significantly varied between different vegetation formations (plantation, secondary forest, and abandoned land). Plant species richness and community composition were significantly affected by elevation (El), soil water content (WC), total soil nitrogen (TN) and soil organic matter (SOM). There were significant diversity differences between plantations and abandoned lands, but not between the plantations and secondary forests. The flora in the study site was tropical in nature, characterized by pantropic distributions. Compared to adjacent areas, floristic composition in the study site was most similar to that of Guangdong, followed by that of Vietnam. Our study revealed the diversity patterns of volcanic plants and provided the basis for future planning of plant conservation, such as preserving plant species, maintaining plant habitats, and coordinating plant management in this region.
Data from: Vascular patterns in iguanas and other squamates: blood vessels and sites of thermal exchange
Squamates use the circulatory system to regulate body and head temperatures during both heating and cooling. The flexibility of this system, which possibly exceeds that of endotherms, offers a number of physiological mechanisms to gain or retain heat (e.g., increase peripheral blood flow and heart rate, cooling the head to prolong basking time for the body) as well as to shed heat (modulate peripheral blood flow, expose sites of thermal exchange). Squamates also have the ability to establish and maintain the same head-to-body temperature differential that birds, crocodilians, and mammals demonstrate, but without a discrete rete or other vascular physiological device. Squamates offer important anatomical and phylogenetic evidence for the inference of the blood vessels of dinosaurs and other extinct archosaurs in that they shed light on the basal diapsid condition. Given this basal positioning, squamates likewise inform and constrain the range of physiological thermoregulatory mechanisms that may have been found in Dinosauria. Unfortunately, the literature on squamate vascular anatomy is limited. Cephalic vascular anatomy of green iguanas (Iguana iguana) was investigated using a differential-contrast, dual-vascular injection (DCDVI) technique and high-resolution X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT). Blood vessels were digitally segmented to create a surface representation of vascular pathways. Known sites of thermal exchange, consisting of the oral, nasal, and orbital regions, were given special attention due to their role in brain and cephalic thermoregulation. Blood vessels to and from sites of thermal exchange were investigated to detect conserved vascular patterns and to assess their ability to deliver cooled blood to the dural venous sinuses. Arteries within sites of thermal exchange were found to deliver blood directly and through collateral pathways. The venous drainage was found to have multiple pathways that could influence neurosensory tissue temperature, as well as pathways that would bypass neurosensory tissues. The orbital region houses a large venous sinus that receives cooled blood from the nasal region. Blood vessels from the nasal region and orbital sinus show anastomotic connections to the dural sinus system, allowing for the direct modulation of brain temperatures. The generality of the vascular patterns discovered in iguanas were assessed by firsthand comparison with other squamates taxa (e.g., via dissection and osteological study) as well as the literature. Similar to extant archosaurs, iguanas and other squamates have highly vascularized sites of thermal exchange that likely support physiological thermoregulation that "fine tunes" temperatures attained through behavioral thermoregulation.
Data from: Increased CAIDE dementia risk, cognition, CSF biomarkers and vascular burden in healthy adults
Objective: To investigate the cognitive profile of healthy individuals with increased CAIDE dementia risk score, and to explore whether this association is related to vascular burden and CSF biomarkers of amyloidosis and neurodegeneration. Method: Cognitively normal participants (mean age = 57.6 years) from the Gipuzkoa Alzheimer Project study were classified as having high risk (HR, n = 82) or low risk (LR, n = 293) for dementia according to a CAIDE score cut off of 9. Cognitive composites were compared between groups. We explored the role of APOE genotype, MRI white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and CSF (n = 218) levels of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the association between CAIDE and cognition conducting generalized linear models. Results: HR participants obtained lower scores on executive function (EF) (p = .001) and visual perception and construction (VPC) (p < .001) composites. EFc was associated with CAIDEp-tau (p = .001), CAIDEt-tau (p = .001) and WMH (p = .003). VPCc was associated with APOE (p = .001), Aβ1-42 (p = .004), the interaction APOEAβ1-42 (p = .003), and WMH (p = .004). Performance on global memory was associated with Aβ1-42 (p = .006), APOE (p = .008), and their interaction (p = .006). Analyses were adjusted for age, education, sex, premorbid intelligence and stress. Conclusion: Healthy participants at increased dementia risk, based on CAIDE scores, show lower performance in executive function and visual perception and construction. This difference is related to APOE, WMH and Alzheimer's biomarkers.
Data from: Fluid-dynamic optimal design of helical vascular graft for stenotic disturbed flow
Although a helical configuration of a prosthetic vascular graft appears to be clinically beneficial in suppressing thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia, an optimization of a helical design has yet to be achieved because of the lack of a detailed understanding on hemodynamic features in helical grafts and their fluid dynamic influences. In the present study, the swirling flow in a helical graft was hypothesized to have beneficial influences on a disturbed flow structure such as stenotic flow. The characteristics of swirling flows generated by helical tubes with various helical pitches and curvatures were investigated to prove the hypothesis. The fluid dynamic influences of these helical tubes on stenotic flow were quantitatively analysed by using a particle image velocimetry technique. Results showed that the swirling intensity and helicity of the swirling flow have a linear relation with a modified Germano number (Gn*) of the helical pipe. In addition, the swirling flow generated a beneficial flow structure at the stenosis by reducing the size of the recirculation flow under steady and pulsatile flow conditions. Therefore, the beneficial effects of a helical graft on the flow field can be estimated by using the magnitude of Gn*. Finally, an optimized helical design with a maximum Gn* was suggested for the future design of a vascular graft.
FIGURE 6 in Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea)
FIGURE 6. Turraea glomeruliflora Harms (based on Velayos et al. 11664, MA). Endemic to Annobón.
FIGURE 3 in Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea)
FIGURE 3. Crater lake of Annobón Island, seen from south slope of pico do Fogo.
FIGURE 7 in Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea)
FIGURE 7. Cassipourea annobonensis Mildbr. (based on Fero et al. 228, MA). Endemic to Annobón.
FIGURE 2 in Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Annobón (Equatorial Guinea)
FIGURE 2. West coast of Annobón Island, between arroyo Jada and Santa Cruz (Aual).
FIGURE 5 in An updated checklist of the vascular flora of the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, India
FIGURE 5. The fifteen largest genera (with number of taxa) in the vascular flora of Ladakh.
FIGURE 3 in An updated checklist of the vascular flora of the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, India
FIGURE 3. Map of study region showing the sampling sites.
FIGURE 1 in An updated checklist of the vascular flora of the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, India
FIGURE 1. Map of study area showing the past records and present surveyed records.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.