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2,721 results for “CONNECTIVITY”
Migration tactics and connectivity of a Nearctic-Neotropical migratory shorebird
<p><span>During long-distance spring migrations, birds may rest and refuel at numerous stopover sites while minimizing the time to reach the breeding grounds. If habitat is limited along the migration route, pre-breeding birds optimize flight range by having longer stopovers at higher quality sites compared to poorer quality sites. Stopover duration also depends on distance remaining to breeding grounds, ecological barriers, and individual characteristics.</span></p> <p><span>We assessed spring migration tactics and connectivity of a Nearctic-Neotropical migratory shorebird, the semipalmated sandpiper (<em>Calidris pusilla</em>), at two sites with known relative habitat quality on the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGOM) coast, the first land encountered after crossing the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). </span></p> <p><span>We used automated radio telemetry (Motus) to estimate stopover duration and probability of departure. Migration speed was estimated for individuals detected at subsequent receivers on the Motus Network. To measure migratory connectivity, we used morphometrics and the Motus network to assign general breeding regions. Additionally, feather stable isotope ratios of C and N provided coarse information about over-wintering regions. </span></p> <p><span>Stopover duration declined with higher fuel loads at capture as expected under a time-minimizing strategy. After accounting for fuel load, stopover duration was approximately 40% longer at the higher quality site. We found no detectable effect of age, sex, or breeding location on stopover behavior. Probability of departure was strongly affected by humidity and also by tailwind and weather conditions. Birds stopping at the higher-quality site had earlier apparent arrival to the breeding grounds. The Louisiana coast is an apparent stopover hub for this species, since the individuals were departing to range-wide breeding regions and isotope values suggested birds were also using widespread wintering regions.</span></p> <p>Our study shows how high-quality, coastal wetlands along the NGOM coast serve a critical role in the annual cycle of a migratory shorebird. Stopover behavior indicated that high quality habitat may be limited for this species during spring migration. As threats to the GOM coast increase, protection of these already limited wetlands is vitally important.</p>
Performance and social connection data for baseball and basketball from 2001 to 2020
<p>We examine whether social data can be used to predict how members of Major League Baseball (MLB) and members of the National Basketball Association (NBA) transition between teams during their career. We find that incorporating social data into various machine learning algorithms substantially improves the algorithms' ability to correctly determine these transitions in the NBA but only marginally in MLB. We also measure the extent to which player performance and team fitness data can be used to predict transitions between teams. This data, however, only slightly improves our predictions for players for both basketball and baseball players. We also consider whether social, performance, and team fitness data can be used to infer past transitions. Here we find that social data significantly improves our inference accuracy in both the NBA and MLB but player performance and team fitness data again does little to improve this score.</p>
Figure 2 from: Darnaude AM, Arnaud-Haond S, Hunter E, Gaggiotti O, Sturrock A, Beger M, Volckaert FAM, Pérez-Ruzafa A, López-López L, Tanner SE, Turan C, Ahmet Doğdu S, Katsanevakis S, Costantini F (2022) Unifying approaches to Functional Marine Connectivity for improved marine resource management: the European SEA-UNICORN COST Action. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e80223. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e80223
Figure 2 General structure of the SEA-UNICORN COST Action, in link with its objectives and expected outcomes at the Science-Policy-Society interface. WG = Working Group.
Figure 1 from: Darnaude AM, Arnaud-Haond S, Hunter E, Gaggiotti O, Sturrock A, Beger M, Volckaert FAM, Pérez-Ruzafa A, López-López L, Tanner SE, Turan C, Ahmet Doğdu S, Katsanevakis S, Costantini F (2022) Unifying approaches to Functional Marine Connectivity for improved marine resource management: the European SEA-UNICORN COST Action. Research Ideas and Outcomes 8: e80223. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e80223
Figure 1 Location of the organizations in the network of the COST Action SEA-UNICORN with a focus on the researchers working on the European Seas (date: 01/08/2021).
Data from: Amphibious mudskipper populations are genetically connected along coastlines, but differentiated across water
<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Many mudskippers in the family Gobiidae are obligately amphibious, requiring both aquatic and terrestrial portions of their life cycle. The terrestrial phase involves restrictions to mudflat habitats during breeding, when adults build burrows in the mud to lay eggs. The effects of this restricted out-of-water phase might be reflected in the population structure of the species. However, dispersal during the aquatic larval phase could connect distant populations. We examine one such mudskipper, <em>Periophthalmus modestus</em>, to test whether populations separated by water are more differentiated than those connected along a coastline.</p> <p><strong>Location:</strong> South and East China Sea</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> <em>Periophthalmus modestus</em> (family: Gobiidae, subfamily: Oxudercinae) (Cantor 1842)</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We collected 236 individuals from ten locations around the East and South China Seas. We used a targeted capture sequencing method, RADcap, to call SNPs from 365 loci. We used multiple spatial and population genetics analyses and coalescent models to address the contemporary and historic biogeography of the species.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Based on observed levels of genetic variation and population structure, populations of <em>Ps. modestus </em>are connected across large distances of continuous coastline and small spans of water. Restricted long-distance dispersal across deep water has resulted in fragmentation of populations. We recovered no signal of isolation by distance, but instead, found genetic differentiation associated with regional groupings separated by large expanses of water.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a limited dispersal phase significantly affects population structure in fishes. The restrictive amphibious life history may be a key factor in the present-day distribution and population structure of <em>Ps. modestus</em>. Interactions between organismal life history and geography are critical for explaining the population genetic structure of a species.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Jaun A, Wymann H-P, Lucek K (2022) Lack of genetic structure suggests high connectivity of Parnassius phoebus between nearby valleys in the Alps. Alpine Entomology 6: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.3897/alpento.6.80405
Table S1
Supplementary files for "Connection between water's dynamical and structural properties: insights from ab initio simulations"
<p>Examples of input scripts and data files for the simulations.</p>
Strong migratory connectivity indicates Willets need subspecies-specific conservation strategies
<p>By combining all available banding and tracking data, we found that Willets (<em>Tringa semipalmata</em>) have strong migratory connectivity between breeding and nonbreeding locations at the range-wide and subspecies levels, exposing the two subspecies to varying threats such as hunting for the eastern subspecies (<em>T. s. semipalmata</em>) and climatically-altered coastal habitats for both subspecies. We found that Western Willets (<em>T. s. inornata</em>) primarily used nonbreeding habitats along the Pacific Coast of the United States, although their reported nonbreeding range extends to the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts and the Pacific Coast of Central and South America. Eastern Willets wintered in Central and South America, which covers much of the subspecies' known nonbreeding range. By quantifying migratory connectivity within and between two subspecies, we could suggest subspecies-specific threats and potential limiting factors in the breeding and nonbreeding periods of the annual cycle of a declining migratory shorebird. Effective management of the species will likely require a range of conservation strategies across the diverse nonbreeding regions the two subspecies occupy within the United States, Central America, and South America. However, more data are needed from Willets breeding in mid-continent North America to understand the complete extent of overlap of the two subspecies throughout the annual cycle. The strong migratory connectivity documented here highlights the need to manage Willets by subspecies and protect a diversity of breeding and nonbreeding habitats, which will benefit the conservation of other shorebird species that overlap with Willets throughout the annual cycle.</p>
Proteinaceous Matter and Liquid Water in Fine Aerosols in Nanchang, Eastern China: Seasonal Variations, Sources, and Potential Connections
<p>DATA-JGR-A</p>
Data from: Maximizing negative correlations in resting-state functional connectivity MRI by time-lag
This paper aims to better understand the physiological meaning of negative correlations in resting state functional connectivity MRI (r-fcMRI). The correlations between anatomy-based brain regions of 18 healthy humans were calculated and analyzed with and without a correction for global signal and with and without spatial smoothing. In addition, correlations between anatomy-based brain regions of 18 naïve anesthetized rats were calculated and compared to the human data. T-statistics were used to differentiate between positive and negative connections. The application of spatial smoothing and global signal correction increased the number of significant positive connections but their effect on negative connections was complex. Positive connections were mainly observed between cortical structures while most negative connections were observed between cortical and non-cortical structures with almost no negative connections between non-cortical structures. In both human and rats, negative connections were never observed between bilateral homologous regions. The main difference between positive and negative connections in both the human and rat data was that positive connections became less significant with time-lags, while negative connections became more significant with time-lag. This effect was evident in all four types of analyses (with and without global signal correction and spatial smoothing) but was most significant in the analysis with no correction for the global signal. We hypothesize that the valence of r-fcMRI connectivity reflects the relative contributions of cerebral blood volume (CBV) and flow (CBF) to the BOLD signal and that these relative contributions are location-specific. If cerebral circulation is primarily regulated by CBF in one region and by CBV in another, a functional connection between these regions can manifest as an r-fcMRI negative and time-delayed correlation. Similarly, negative correlations could result from spatially inhomogeneous responses of rCBV or rCBF alone. Consequently, neuronal regulation of brain circulation may be deduced from the valence of r-fcMRI connectivity.
Reduced habitat suitability and landscape connectivity in a songbird migratory divide
<p><b>Aim</b></p> <p>Seasonal migration is a common phenomenon in animals and connects geographically distant ecosystems. Considerable variation has been documented in this behaviour and migratory divides (contact zones between populations that use different routes to navigate around ecological barriers) are an example of this. Migratory divides could have important implications for ecological speciation as hybrids in divides take intermediate routes and it has been predicted that these routes will be ecologically inferior as they bring hybrids over barriers that parental forms avoid. We provide the first test of this prediction here using a well-characterized divide between coastal and inland subspecies of Swainson's thrushes.</p> <p><b>Location</b></p> <p>North, Central and South America</p> <p><b>Time period</b></p> <p>2006-2013</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied</b></p> <p>Birds</p> <p><b>Methods</b></p> <p>We used ecological niche models and analyses of landscape connectivity to predict suitable habitat for coastal and inland thrushes on migration and identify optimal migratory routes. We compared estimates of habitat suitability and landscape connectivity along the actual migratory routes of birds tracked with light-level geolocators.</p> <p><b>Results</b></p> <p>Consistent with predictions for migratory divides, niche models estimated lower habitat suitability in the intermediate range between the migratory ranges of parental forms. Furthermore, our models of landscape connectivity predicted optimal routes that circumvent this intermediate area. Birds taking intermediate routes used stopover sites of lower predicted habitat suitability than birds migrating on either side of the divide and overlapped less with optimal paths.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b></p> <p>Our results support the prediction that intermediate routes of hybrids in migratory divides are ecologically inferior to those of parental forms. This finding suggests ecological differences are helping to maintain divides and could have broad implications, with divides shaping the distribution and maintenance of species boundaries globally and across many taxonomic groups.</p>
Supplementary material 3 from: Bingham H, Doudin M, Weatherdon L, Despot-Belmonte K, Wetzel F, Groom Q, Lewis E, Regan E, Appeltans W, Güntsch A, Mergen P, Agosti D, Penev L, Hoffmann A, Saarenmaa H, Geller G, Kim K, Kim H, Archambeau A, Häuser C, Schmeller D, Geijzendorffer I, García Camacho A, Guerra C, Robertson T, Runnel V, Valland N, Martin C (2017) The Biodiversity Informatics Landscape: Elements, Connections and Opportunities. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e14059. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e14059
Figures 1 -3: high resolution
Supplementary material 2 from: Bingham H, Doudin M, Weatherdon L, Despot-Belmonte K, Wetzel F, Groom Q, Lewis E, Regan E, Appeltans W, Güntsch A, Mergen P, Agosti D, Penev L, Hoffmann A, Saarenmaa H, Geller G, Kim K, Kim H, Archambeau A, Häuser C, Schmeller D, Geijzendorffer I, García Camacho A, Guerra C, Robertson T, Runnel V, Valland N, Martin C (2017) The Biodiversity Informatics Landscape: Elements, Connections and Opportunities. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e14059. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e14059
MATLAB code
Supplementary material 1 from: Bingham H, Doudin M, Weatherdon L, Despot-Belmonte K, Wetzel F, Groom Q, Lewis E, Regan E, Appeltans W, Güntsch A, Mergen P, Agosti D, Penev L, Hoffmann A, Saarenmaa H, Geller G, Kim K, Kim H, Archambeau A, Häuser C, Schmeller D, Geijzendorffer I, García Camacho A, Guerra C, Robertson T, Runnel V, Valland N, Martin C (2017) The Biodiversity Informatics Landscape: Elements, Connections and Opportunities. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e14059. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e14059
Biodiversity Informatics Landscape Matrix
Supplementary material 1 from: Della Rocca F, Bogliani G, Milanesi P (2017) Patterns of distribution and landscape connectivity of the stag beetle in a human-dominated landscape. In: Campanaro A, Hardersen S, Sabbatini Peverieri G, Carpaneto GM (Eds) Monitoring of saproxylic beetles and other insects protected in the European Union. Nature Conservation 19: 19-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.19.12457
Additional information :
Supplementary material 1 from: Smith C, Todd M, Patiny L, Swain C, Southan C, Williamson A, Clark A (2016) SCINDR - The SCience INtroDuction Robot that will Connect Open Scientists. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e9995. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e9995
SCINDR Open Science Prize Proposal
Figure 4 from: Bingham H, Doudin M, Weatherdon L, Despot-Belmonte K, Wetzel F, Groom Q, Lewis E, Regan E, Appeltans W, Güntsch A, Mergen P, Agosti D, Penev L, Hoffmann A, Saarenmaa H, Geller G, Kim K, Kim H, Archambeau A, Häuser C, Schmeller D, Geijzendorffer I, García Camacho A, Guerra C, Robertson T, Runnel V, Valland N, Martin C (2017) The Biodiversity Informatics Landscape: Elements, Connections and Opportunities. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e14059. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e14059
Figure 4 - The network of biodiversity informatics organisations. The network visualisation was created using NodeXL (Version 1.0.1.229) (Smith et al. 2009) and was laid out with the Harel–Koren Fast Multiscale algorithm and then adjusted manually to remove overlaps. The colours represent clusters identified using the Girvan–Newman algorithm.
Figure 3 from: Bingham H, Doudin M, Weatherdon L, Despot-Belmonte K, Wetzel F, Groom Q, Lewis E, Regan E, Appeltans W, Güntsch A, Mergen P, Agosti D, Penev L, Hoffmann A, Saarenmaa H, Geller G, Kim K, Kim H, Archambeau A, Häuser C, Schmeller D, Geijzendorffer I, García Camacho A, Guerra C, Robertson T, Runnel V, Valland N, Martin C (2017) The Biodiversity Informatics Landscape: Elements, Connections and Opportunities. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e14059. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e14059
Figure 3 - An example of links from the biodiversity informatics landscape to the policy-level: the Biodiversity Indicators Partnership (BIP).
Figure 2 from: Bingham H, Doudin M, Weatherdon L, Despot-Belmonte K, Wetzel F, Groom Q, Lewis E, Regan E, Appeltans W, Güntsch A, Mergen P, Agosti D, Penev L, Hoffmann A, Saarenmaa H, Geller G, Kim K, Kim H, Archambeau A, Häuser C, Schmeller D, Geijzendorffer I, García Camacho A, Guerra C, Robertson T, Runnel V, Valland N, Martin C (2017) The Biodiversity Informatics Landscape: Elements, Connections and Opportunities. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e14059. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e14059
Figure 2 - A highly-connected element in the landscape: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).
Figure 8 from: Glover A, Dahlgren T, Taboada S, Paterson G, Wiklund H, Waeschenbach A, Cobley A, Martínez P, Kaiser S, Schnurr S, Khodami S, Raschka U, Kersken D, Stuckas H, Menot L, Bonifacio P, Vanreusel A, Macheriotou L, Cunha M, Hilário A, Rodrigues C, Colaço A, Ribeiro P, Błażewicz M, Gooday A, Jones D, Billett D, Goineau A, Amon D, Smith C, Patel T, McQuaid K, Spickermann R, Brager S (2016) The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. Research Ideas and Outcomes 2: e10528. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.2.e10528
Figure 8 - The eastern CCZ, illustrating the cruise track of the RRS James Cook MIDAS JC-120 cruise to sample APEI-6 (green box) and a short sampling station in the northern sector of UK-1 (yellow box). Image source: Daniel Jones, National Oceanography Centre, UK.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.