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Figure 2 in Natural history of a South African insect pollinator assemblage (Insecta: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera): diagnostic notes, food web analysis and conservation recommendations

Figure 2. Schematic diagram showing our sampling framework as deployed along the road segments listed in the Appendix, centred along tourist roads, gravel roads and firebreak roads in the Skukuza Ranger District of the Kruger National Park. Floral visitors of flowering trees and shrubs located within 30 m of the road edge in each road segment were surveyed as part of our field effort.

Figure 9 in Natural history of a South African insect pollinator assemblage (Insecta: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera): diagnostic notes, food web analysis and conservation recommendations

Figure 9. Adult females of the carpenter bee Xylocopa caffra (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on or near flowers of Peltophorum africanum, photographed in the Skukuza Ranger District, Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa.

Figure 1 in Natural history of a South African insect pollinator assemblage (Insecta: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera): diagnostic notes, food web analysis and conservation recommendations

Figure 1. Map of the Republic of South Africa, showing the location of the Kruger National Park and the Skukuza Ranger District.

Figure 8 in Natural history of a South African insect pollinator assemblage (Insecta: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera): diagnostic notes, food web analysis and conservation recommendations

Figure 8. Adult of the day-flying moth Arniocera auriguttata (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae) on flowers of the shrub Flueggea virosa, photographed along the Sabie River in the Skukuza Ranger District, Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa.

Figure 5 in Natural history of a South African insect pollinator assemblage (Insecta: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera): diagnostic notes, food web analysis and conservation recommendations

Figure 5. Adults of species of Cleridae and Lycidae (Coleoptera) from the Skukuza Ranger District, Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa. (a) Aphelochroa sanguinalis (Cleridae); (b) Lycus trabeatus male (Lycidae); (c) Aphelochroa sanguinea (Cleridae); (d) Lycus trabeatus female (Lycidae).

Figure 4 in Natural history of a South African insect pollinator assemblage (Insecta: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera): diagnostic notes, food web analysis and conservation recommendations

Figure 4. Examples of high-resolution digital images showing pollen grains adhering to insect floral visitors. (a) Pedinorrhina trivittata on flowers of Acacia grandicornuta. (b) Leucocelis amethystina on flowers of Acacia grandicornuta. (c) pair of Leucocelis vitticollis on flowers of Peltophorum africanum. White arrows point to areas where pollen is adhering to the insect's integument.

Figure 1 in Social facilitation and food partitioning in the queenless ant Dinoponera quadriceps (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 1. Pooled results of the association between workers partitioning food (dotted line) and feeding larvae (solid line) during 21 days of experiment. To test the effects of brood on the foraging process, one or two additional fifth instar larvae were added every 2 days in the experimental colonies.

Figure 2 in Social facilitation and food partitioning in the queenless ant Dinoponera quadriceps (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 2. Mean (± standard deviation) of the total number of ants sharing prey (lower-ranked workers) and feeding larvae in brood chamber (higher-ranked workers).

Figure 8 in Distribution, habitat and food preferences of sympatric high intertidal isopod species Ligia occidentalis and Ligia pallasii (Ligiidae: Oniscidea)

Figure 8. Differences in food preference for the two Ligia species [Ligia occidentalis (LO): F (4,53.45) = 15.918, p = 0.0001; Ligia pallasii (LP): F (4,53,45) = 15.928, p = 0.0004] as shown for mean dry weight consumed for each food type (error bars are ± 1 SE). Changes in weight of the different food types without isopods (none: F (4,22.15) = 0.699, p = 0.601) show minimal changes in weight possibly because of microbial activity. Values of p are based on analysis of variance. Letters above bars indicate significant differences among means (Post hoc Tukey tests).

Figure 6 in Distribution, habitat and food preferences of sympatric high intertidal isopod species Ligia occidentalis and Ligia pallasii (Ligiidae: Oniscidea)

Figure 6. Results of mesocosm experiments show that all treatments containing Ligia showed a significant decrease in dry weight of algal biomass compared with a control (none). The reduction in algal biofilm caused by Ligia pallasii (LP) treatment was significantly lower than that by either the Ligia occidentalis (LO) treatment or the combination of the two species (LO+LP). Letters above bars indicate significant differences among means (Post hoc Tukey tests).

Figure 5 in Distribution, habitat and food preferences of sympatric high intertidal isopod species Ligia occidentalis and Ligia pallasii (Ligiidae: Oniscidea)

Figure 5. Temperature records at Mussel Point cave (A) and Bodega Harbor (B) represented as mean temperature per month (average) and the monthly average of the daily maximum (max) and minimum (min) temperatures.

Figure 4 in Distribution, habitat and food preferences of sympatric high intertidal isopod species Ligia occidentalis and Ligia pallasii (Ligiidae: Oniscidea)

Figure 4. Monthly survey of Ligia pallasii at Mussel Point from March 2007 to December 2010. Overall abundance is represented as mean number of individuals per square metre and is composed of numbers from five different size classes (see key).

Figure 3 in Distribution, habitat and food preferences of sympatric high intertidal isopod species Ligia occidentalis and Ligia pallasii (Ligiidae: Oniscidea)

Figure 3. Monthly survey of Ligia occidentalis at Bodega Harbor from March 2007 to December 2010. Overall abundance is represented as mean number of individuals per square metre and is composed of numbers from four different size classes (see key).

Figure 2 in Distribution, habitat and food preferences of sympatric high intertidal isopod species Ligia occidentalis and Ligia pallasii (Ligiidae: Oniscidea)

Figure 2. Relative abundance of Ligia occidentalis (LO) and Ligia pallasii (LP) along the surveyed coastline (x axis left to right represents latitudinal coordinates of sampling sites from south to north). LO showed slight but not significant decline in abundance towards the northern range of the distribution Spearman's ρ – 0.0863, p <|ρ| = 0.3680. LP showed a small but significant decline towards the southern range limit (positive correlation with increasing latitude Spearman's ρ 0.5499, p <|ρ| = 0.0001. Lines within sites mark area of range overlap (solid line range limit of species in plot, dashed line range limit of other Ligia species).

Figure 1 in Distribution, habitat and food preferences of sympatric high intertidal isopod species Ligia occidentalis and Ligia pallasii (Ligiidae: Oniscidea)

Figure 1. Ligia occidentalis (A) and Ligia pallasii (B, C) can be distinguished by the distance between the eyes and the shape of the caudal peduncle of the uropod. Sexual dimorphism is only present in L. pallasii (B, female; C, male). All scale bars represent 10 mm. Photos: J. Sones.

Figure 7 in Distribution, habitat and food preferences of sympatric high intertidal isopod species Ligia occidentalis and Ligia pallasii (Ligiidae: Oniscidea)

Figure 7. Feeding preferences (mean rank ± 1 SE) of Ligia pallasii and Ligia occidentalis for different species of algal wrack (Nereocystis, Costaria, Ulva, Mazaella and Fucus); n = 20 (L. pallasii), 19 (L. occidentalis). Different letters indicate significant differences in rank of pairwise comparisons after Bonferoni corrections.

opennotspecifiedMay 2012View details →

Figure 2 in Larval food sources of Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius, 1804) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), an oil-collecting bee

Figure 2. Relative amount of the pollen grains used by Centris analis as larval food sources. Other: plant species or genera occurred in relative abundance lower than 3%. The samples 1–16 were from the warm/wet season and samples 17–22 were from the cool/dry season.

opennotspecifiedMay 2012View details →

Figure 1 in Larval food sources of Centris (Heterocentris) analis (Fabricius, 1804) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), an oil-collecting bee

Figure 1. Pollen types used by Centris analis in Cerrado areas: (A) Heteropterys sp., (B) Banisteriopsis malifolia, (C) Byrsonima sp., (D) Machaerium sp. and (E) Solanum lycocarpum.

opennotspecifiedJul 2010View details →

Figures 236–251 in The immature stages, larval food plants and biology of Neotropical mistletoe butterflies (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). II. The Catasticta group (Pierini: Aporiina)

Figures 236–251. Pupae of the Aporiina from the Old World, showing dorsal and lateral views. (236–247) Delias from Australia; (236–237) D. ennia; (238–239) D. harpalyce; (240–241) D. nigrina; (242–243) D. aganippe; (244–245) D. argenthona; (246–247) D. nysa; (248–249) Aporia crataegi from Europe; (250–251) Mylothris agathina from Africa.