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Figure 5 from: Bogataj U, Praznik M, Mrak P, Štrus J, Tušek-Žnidarič M, Žnidaršič N (2018) Comparative ultrastructure of cells and cuticle in the anterior chamber and papillate region of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) hindgut. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 427-458. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22395
Figure 5 Cuticle and basal lamina thickness in the two hindgut regions. Median values of cuticle thickness (A) and basal lamina thickness (B) in cells from the anterior chamber (blue) and the papillate region (red) of three specimens.
Figure 4 from: Bogataj U, Praznik M, Mrak P, Štrus J, Tušek-Žnidarič M, Žnidaršič N (2018) Comparative ultrastructure of cells and cuticle in the anterior chamber and papillate region of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) hindgut. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 427-458. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22395
Figure 4 Ultrastructure of the cuticle in the anterior chamber and the papillate region. A The cuticle in the anterior chamber consists of thin epicuticle (EPI) and thick procuticle (PRO) with distinct sublayers. Between the epicuticule and the procuticle, a thin layer of intermediate electron density is present (arrow) B Cuticle in the papillate region consists of epicuticle (EPI) which is proportionally thicker according to the procuticle (PRO). Procuticle sublayers are less pronounced than in the anterior chamber. Between the epicuticle and the procuticle a thin layer of intermediate electron density is present (arrow) C, D The outer part of the epicuticle (EPI) in the anterior chamber (C) and in the papillate region (D) is three-layered (arrow) and covered with a fuzzy layer (arrowhead) E Procuticle (PRO) in the papillate region can be of approximately the same thickness as epicuticle (EPI) and without apparent sublayers.
Figure 2 from: Bogataj U, Praznik M, Mrak P, Štrus J, Tušek-Žnidarič M, Žnidaršič N (2018) Comparative ultrastructure of cells and cuticle in the anterior chamber and papillate region of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) hindgut. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 427-458. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22395
Figure 2 Histological structure of the hindgut epithelium in the anterior chamber and papillate region. A Ventral-lateral epithelium in the anterior chamber B Apical parts of ventral and lateral epithelial cells are bulging into the hindgut lumen C Dorsal epithelium in the anterior chamber forms typhlosole (T) and two typhlosole channels (TC) D Epithelial cell of typhlosole E Epithelial cell of typhlosole channel F Hindgut epithelium in the papillate region G Basal parts of epithelial cells in the papillate region are bulging into haemocoel. Abbreviations: M – muscles, N – cell nucleus.
Figure 13 from: Bogataj U, Praznik M, Mrak P, Štrus J, Tušek-Žnidarič M, Žnidaršič N (2018) Comparative ultrastructure of cells and cuticle in the anterior chamber and papillate region of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) hindgut. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 427-458. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22395
Figure 13 Localization of Na+/K+-ATPase activity in hindguts of intermoult and postmoult animals. A Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the anterior chamber of intermoult P.scaber. Electron dense deposits are present along tubular (arrowheads) and dilated (arrows) apical membranous infoldings and in the procuticle (PRO) B Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the papillate region of postmoult P.scaber. Abundant deposits are present along the apical infoldings (arrowheads) and in the procuticle (PRO) C Control section in the anterior chamber of intermoult animal where K+ ions were replaced by Na+ ions. No reaction product is present along apical infoldings (AI) or in the cuticle (C) D Control section in the papillate region of postmoult animal treated with ouabain. Some deposits (arrowheads) are present along the apical infoldings. Abbreviations: C – cuticle.
Figure 11 from: Bogataj U, Praznik M, Mrak P, Štrus J, Tušek-Žnidarič M, Žnidaršič N (2018) Comparative ultrastructure of cells and cuticle in the anterior chamber and papillate region of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) hindgut. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 427-458. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22395
Figure 11 Ultrastructure of cell junctions in the anterior chamber and the papillate region. A The junctional complex in the anterior chamber consists of subapically located adherens junctions (AJ) and septate junctions (SJ) located beneath the adherens junctions B The junctional complex in the papillate region consists of subapically located adherens junctions (AJ) and extremely long and convoluted septate junctions (SJ) located beneath the adherens junctions C Adherens junctions consist of two electron dense plaques (arrowheads) at the cytoplasmic sides of lateral plasma membranes of two neighbouring cells and electron dense material in the intercellular space between the membranes D Septate junctions are visible as electron dense septa arranged in strings (arrow). Dilated intercellular spaces are visible where septate junctions are locally interrupted (arrowhead). Abbreviations: C – cuticle, AI – apical infoldings, SJ – septate junction.
Figures 1-2 from: van Gestel CAM, Loureiro S, Zidar P (2018) Terrestrial isopods as model organisms in soil ecotoxicology: a review. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 127-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.21970
Figures 1-2 1 Design of feeding inhibition tests with isopods, applying exposure through food (left) or to contaminated soil with contaminated or uncontaminated food (right). In the test with contaminated food only, the animals are kept on a net or gauze allowing also for collecting faeces produced; this will enable estimating food assimilation efficiency. By offering the animals pre-weighed disks or pieces of leaf, food consumption can easily be determined. 2 Design of an avoidance test with isopods. The test uses containers with two compartments. One compartment is filled with contaminated soil, the other one with clean soil. After two days of exposure, the position of the animals in the container is checked. By testing a range of concentrations, including a control (clean soil in both compartments), a dose-response relationship for avoidance may be obtained. The test may also be used to assess avoidance responses to field-contaminated soils, but in that case it might be more difficult to find a proper control soil. Drawing made by Paula Tourinho.
Figure 5 from: De Smedt P, Boerave P, Arijs G, Segers S (2018) Woodlice of Belgium: an annotated checklist and bibliography (Isopoda, Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 265-304. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.21894
Figure 5 Six of the nine species added to this new checklist, aPorcelliomonticolabElumacaelatacHyloniscusripariusdTrichoniscoidessarsiePhilosciaaffinis and fMetatrichoniscoidesleydigii; photos: Gert Arijs.
Figure 5 from: Montesanto G (2018) Presence of a stridulatory apparatus in the manca stages of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 501-518. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23018
Figure 5 Armadilloofficinalis Duméril, 1816. Manca stage M II. A body, lateral view (scale bar 0.5 mm) B dorsal scale-seta C cephalothorax, dorsal view D cephalothorax, frontal view E antennula F antenna G left mandible H right mandible I maxillula J maxilla K maxilliped L pereopod 1 M pereopod 2 N pereopod 3 O pereopod 4 P pereopod 5 Q pereopod 6 R pleopod 2 exopod S pleopod 3 exopod T pleopod 4 exopod U pleopod 5 exopod V left uropod W telson.
Figure 1 from: Bogataj U, Praznik M, Mrak P, Štrus J, Tušek-Žnidarič M, Žnidaršič N (2018) Comparative ultrastructure of cells and cuticle in the anterior chamber and papillate region of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) hindgut. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 427-458. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22395
Figure 1 Measurements in ImageJ/Fiji. A Measurements of cell width (line a), height (line b) and nucleus diameter (line c) B Measurements of cuticle and basal lamina thickness. Cuticle and basal lamina thickness (yellow lines) were measured at intersections of grid lines (blue grid) with cuticle/basal lamina surface C Measurements of membrane labyrinths depth. Membrane labyrinth depths (yellow lines) were measured at intersections of grid lines (blue grid) with the outline of membrane labyrinth edge (red line) D Measurements of spatial density of membrane infoldings. The length of apical/basal surface outline (red line) was measured and the infoldings along the outline (yellow points) were counted.
Figure 1 from: Hornung E, Kásler A, Tóth Z (2018) The role of urban forest patches in maintaining isopod diversity (Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 371-388. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22829
Figure 1 The arrangement of sample sites (23) in Buda, the western, hilly side of Budapest. The numbers indicate the sample sites (see Suppl. material 1). Symbols indicate rural (▲) and disturbed (●) habitats.
Figure 3 from: van Gestel CAM, Loureiro S, Zidar P (2018) Terrestrial isopods as model organisms in soil ecotoxicology: a review. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 127-162. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.21970
Figure 3 Schematic overview of the routes of uptake and internal processing of chemical pollutants in isopods. Adapted from Donker et al. (1996).
Figure 3 from: De Smedt P, Boerave P, Arijs G, Segers S (2018) Woodlice of Belgium: an annotated checklist and bibliography (Isopoda, Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 265-304. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.21894
Figure 3 Map of Belgium with the UTM 10×10 km grid. The different colours indicate the different topographical regions used to determine the species status.
Figure 1 from: De Smedt P, Boerave P, Arijs G, Segers S (2018) Woodlice of Belgium: an annotated checklist and bibliography (Isopoda, Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 265-304. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.21894
Figure 1 Cumulative number of species published as part of the native fauna of Belgium between 1831 (five species) and 2017 (36 species). Exotic species exclusively living in greenhouses were omitted.
Figure 9 from: Bogataj U, Praznik M, Mrak P, Štrus J, Tušek-Žnidarič M, Žnidaršič N (2018) Comparative ultrastructure of cells and cuticle in the anterior chamber and papillate region of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) hindgut. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 427-458. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22395
Figure 9 Ultrastructure of the basal plasma membrane labyrinth in the anterior chamber and the papillate region. A Basal plasma membrane in the anterior chamber forms sparse narrow infoldings (arrows) B Extensive basal membrane labyrinth (BL) in the papillate region is associated with numerous mitochondria (arrowheads) C Basal lamina in the anterior chamber. Hemidesmosome-like junctions are visible as small electron dense plaques (arrowheads) D Basal lamina in the papillate region. Hemidesmosome-like junctions are visible as small electron dense plaques (arrowheads). Abbreviation: M – muscle.
Figure 5 from: Hornung E, Kásler A, Tóth Z (2018) The role of urban forest patches in maintaining isopod diversity (Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 371-388. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22829
Figure 5 Average Rarity Index (ARI) decreased with higher urbanisation (UI). Higher value of UI means increasing urbanisation. Numbers are habitat identifiers, see Fig. 1 and Suppl. material 1 (▲ – rural, ● – differently disturbed habitats).
Figure 1 from: Nasu T, Kitagawa K, Karasawa S (2018) Species compositions of terrestrial isopods in public parks of a commuter town in Japan. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 389-399. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.21875
Figure 1 Location of Munakata city (red circle in the top right map) and map of the study area. Yellow circles represent sampling sites (parks). Blue denotes rice paddy; red denotes residential region; pink denotes grass; green denotes forest; the white line is Japan National Route 3. The map was created by modifying the high resolution land-use and land-cover map ver16.02 (http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/lulc/jlulc_jpn.htm).
Figure 4 from: Csonka D, Halasy K, Buczkó K, Hornung E (2018) Morphological traits – desiccation resistance – habitat characteristics: a possible key for distribution in woodlice (Isopoda, Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 481-499. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23088
Figure 4 The tergal cuticle thickness in intra-, and interspecific relations (2 specimens/species, 5 slides/specimen, 10 measurements/slide). [Measures: median ± first quartile and max/min (species names as in Figure 1)].
Figure 12 from: Bogataj U, Praznik M, Mrak P, Štrus J, Tušek-Žnidarič M, Žnidaršič N (2018) Comparative ultrastructure of cells and cuticle in the anterior chamber and papillate region of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) hindgut. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 427-458. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22395
Figure 12 Lateral parts of epithelial cells in the anterior chamber and the papillate region. A Two neighbouring cells in the anterior chamber B Two neighbouring cells in the papillate region. Abbreviations: LID – area of lateral interdigitations, AL – apical labyrinth, BL – basal labyrinth, M – muscle.
Figure 4 from: Montesanto G (2018) Presence of a stridulatory apparatus in the manca stages of isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 501-518. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23018
Figure 4 Armadilloofficinalis Duméril, 1816. Manca stage M I. A pereopod 4 (p4) and pereopod 5 (p5) showing the line of scales on the propodus B pereopod 5 propodus, sternal view C the line of scales on the pereopod 4 propodus D scales of the plectrum on the pereopod 5 propodus. Scale bars: 1 μm (D); 10 μm (C); 50 μm (B); 100 μm (A).
Figure 7 from: Bogataj U, Praznik M, Mrak P, Štrus J, Tušek-Žnidarič M, Žnidaršič N (2018) Comparative ultrastructure of cells and cuticle in the anterior chamber and papillate region of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) hindgut. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 427-458. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.22395
Figure 7 Bacteria associated with hindgut cuticle in the papillate region of one specimen. A bacteria are visible near or at the cuticle (C) surface. Bacterial cells are connected to each other with thin filamentous structures (arrow) B bacteria are connected to the fuzzy layer of epicuticle (arrow) by thin filamentous structures (arrowheads).
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