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FIGURE 15 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 15. First description of Hydroides steinitzi tubes. Tubes rugose with 3 longitudinal ridges on upper surface, more or less developed, with middle longitudinal ridge often lower than lateral ones (e.g., F1), and with transverse ridges. Lumen of tube circular, with tube more or less expanded at base, thus, tubes C, D rounded in cross-section; tubes E and F with expanded base, more trapezoidal in cross-section; C1 and C2 are sections of the same tube. Figs E1 and E2, and F1 and F2 are paired cross-section and upper views (of two different tubes). Tubes B–F correspond to opercula B–F in Fig. 12. Scales: 1 mm.

FIGURE 12 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 12. Variability in opercula of Hydroides homoceros from different regions. A—Operculum characterized by "single-anchor-shaped" (or T-shaped) marginal radii (see also "D") from Great Bitter Lake population (sample SLC 117, see App. Table 2C), B—Specimen with "spur-tipped-T-shaped" marginal radii from the Persian (Arabian) Gulf, leg. anon., sample sent to NBE for identification via the late T. Holthe, C—Specimen with "double-anchor" marginal radii from the Dahlak Archipelago (Israel South Red Sea Expedition sample ISRSE 65-TAU-MO-Malleidae 1814), D— Enlarged tip of marginal radius from Fig. A—5th radius from left—from Bitter Lake, Suez Canal—resembles that of specimens from Mediterranean population, E—Lessepsian migrant specimen from the coast of Israel (legit E. Gilat, Gilat sample 1821B, 10.XI.1969, Ashqelon, 22 m). Scale: 100 µm.

FIGURE 10 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 10. Operculum of Hydroides heterocerus juvenile form no. 2 (specimen scraped from mollusc from the Great Bitter Lake [SLC 117, Y. Eytam, St. 4]). A, B—Funnel radii with some typical "anchor-shaped" (T-shaped) tips; some verticil spines approaching typical adult form, other spines deviating from the typical form, e.g., dorsal spine, upper right, bifid, aberrant. Scale: 100 µm.

FIGURE 13 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 13. Variability of opercula in a population of Hydroides steinitzi from the Great Bitter Lake "Yellow Fleet" aggregation (App. Table 2D). Opercula B–F correspond to tubes B–F in Fig. 15; C1—lateral view, C2—apical view of C1. Note variability in height of verticil and in the degree of chitinisation of funnel radii and constriction of peduncle. Scales, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 9 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 9. Operculum of Hydroides heterocerus juvenile form no. 1 (specimen from Cambridge Expedition mollusc deposited at the Natural History Museum in London, precise location unknown [See App. Table 2A]). A—Apical view, drawing and photograph, respectively, B—Profile view of drawing and photograph, C—Three-quarters view; note sharply pointed marginal teeth of funnel radii (in contrast with those in Fig. 8), D—Collar chaetae (magnification, <10 x). Scales: B—0.5 mm, D—100 µm.

FIGURE 8 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 8. Hydroides heterocerus. Variability in forms of opercula from different regions: A–D. Operculum of specimen from the Great Bitter Lake aggregate removed by J.P. Taasen from the M/S "Münsterland" after its journey to the Hapag-Lloyd dry dock in Bremerhaven (18.VI.1975, 7 m). A—Lateral view, B–D—Apical views, B—Focus on tips of verticil spines, C—Focus on basal spinules of verticil, D—Enlargement of marginal teeth of funnel; the expansion of the tips of the marginal teeth in "D" is intermediate between "E" and "F," E—"Bowling-pin-shaped" radii with blunt or even stubby tips, specimen from Little Bitter Lake opposite Kabrit (sample SLC 123), F—More expanded, "T"-shaped tips found in specimen from the Sudanese Red Sea (BM(NH) 1972.23, legit C. Crossland, 1904–1905). Lessepsian migrants with marginal radii like "D" or like "E". Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 20 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 20. Protula cf. palliata from the Great Bitter Lake, uncini (B&T-C Pol 27-HUJ-Poly-1567). A—Part of torus of thoracic uncini from 7th chaetiger, ca. P+19 teeth in profile view, from apex: 14 teeth in single row, two rows of 3 teeth, 2–?3 rows of 4 teeth (left figure shows method of counting the teeth), B—Abdominal uncinus, profile view, left arrow shows part of uncinus inserted in body wall, right arrow designates section of uncini to the peg corresponding to Fig. D, numbering 23 teeth in profile view, length 46.7 µm, C—Two adjacent abdominal uncini from torus, left uncinus numbering 22 teeth in profile view, length 47.5 µm, D–F—Three views of enlarged peg, D—View taken under oil immersion, showing bilobed tip of peg, 4 teeth in row proximal to the peg; arrow shows part of uncinus corresponding to that designated by right arrow in Figs B, E—SEM micrograph showing frontal view of peg with 4 teeth in the two rows proximal to the peg (4,000 x magnification), peg appears abraded, F—SEM views of abdominal uncini showing markedly bilobed peg; magnification, 6,000 x, G—Part of torus of abdominal uncini from which F was taken, as indicated by arrow; the SEM micrograph of incomplete torus numbered 148 uncini (ends of torus not included on micrograph).

FIGURE 4 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 4. Opercula of Hydroides diramphus. A—Operculum of small individual from Lake Timsah (sample SBE 8, App. Table 2C), B—Specimen from the Great Bitter Lake (legit H. Brattström & J.P. Taasen, 14.I.1975, App. Table 2D). Scales: 100 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 6. The very first serpulid collected from the Suez Canal—Hydroides elegans—from a boat hull, collected by the "Pola" Expedition (Isma'iliya, 17.X.1895, coll. Mus. Vindobonensis, Vienna, Evertebr. Varia, inv. no. 2034 [alte invert. no. 17199]), det. H. Zibrowius. A—Operculum photographed in methylene-blue-glycerine; focus on spines of upper verticil, B—Same, focusing on long tooth arising from the central disk of the verticil, C—Collar chaetae showing characteristic fine teeth and proximal rasp, D, E—Aggregates of tubes on gastropod, Potamides conicus; note the slightly flattened upper surface of the tube. Scales: A, B—100 µm, C—50 µm, D, E—1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 7. Taphonomic residues of Hydroides elegans from mollusc shells collected in the Great Bitter Lake in 1950 by C. Beets. The chitinous residues "survived" more than 50 years in the dried serpulid tubes. A—Body of dried worm, B—Thoracic chaetae, C—Broken but distinctive collar chaetae, D—Residue of verticil, E—Fragment of tube with adhering fascicles of thoracic chaetae (putative identification of species based on tube), F—Thoracic uncini (putative identification to species based on tube), G—Operculum, apical view of verticil, H—Operculum, ¾ view. I. Tube with projecting verticil, lower side of tube. J. Hydroides elegans tube fragment on shell of Gafrarium pectinatum, K—Fusinus polygonoides shell (ca. 11 cm in length), bearing tubes of H. elegans. Scales: A, B, D, E, I, J—1 mm; G, H—100 µm; C, F—50 µm. Figs A, B, D–F, I, K—from Beets' Stn 4, 0.2–0.8 m, C, G —from Stn 21, 1.5–3 m, H—from Stn 1: 1–2.7 m, J—from Stn 19: 5–5.5 m (for stations, see Beets (1953), Appendix Table 2B).

FIGURE 29 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from the Suez Canal- From a Lessepsian Migration Perspective (a Monograph) 2848

FIGURE 29. Serpula hartmanae from Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba. Specimen det. as S. concharum in Amoureux et al., 1978: 143, Fig. 11, marked S.c. [TAU-NS-6188], redet. 1990, H.A. ten Hove. A—Cross-section of tube, B—Part of tube, flat surface up, shows 3 longitudinal ridges, middle ridge lower than laterals, C—Part of tube, flat upper part to the right, D—Operculum, apical view, 12 radii, E—Operculum (lateral view) and opercular lobe; arrow designates the peduncular boss proximal to the constriction (also in Fig. 28B), F—View of constriction of opercular peduncle showing characteristic asymmetric proximal boss (enhanced in glycerine mount), G—Branchial lobe, showing pseudoperculum, ca.13 radioles, H—Fascicle of thoracic chaetae (most broken), I, J—Collar chaeta (single unbroken chaeta dissected out from base of fascicle), I—Frontal view, small median tooth between large conical teeth and blade clearly seen, J—Lateral view, K—Abdominal chaetae, L—Posterior? middle abdominal uncinus frontal view (composite picture enables showing rows in focus), detailed dentition, F:1:1:1:1:2:3:3 = F+7/3 rows with maximum number of 3 teeth in the posterior rows, M— Thoracic uncinus, lateral view F+5. Scales: A–E—1 mm, K—10 µm, L, M—50 µm.

FIGURES 316–331 in A taxonomic monograph of the Middle American leaf-litter inhabiting weevil genus Theognete Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Molytinae; Lymantini) 2458

FIGURES 316–331. Female genitalia (top to bottom; spermatheca, tergite VIII, sternite VIII, tergite VII), Theognete species, various species groups, representatives. 316–319. T. bothynometopon. 320–323. T. tzotzil. 324–327. T. terrestris. 328–331. T. hesmos.

FIGURES 175–177 in A taxonomic monograph of the Middle American leaf-litter inhabiting weevil genus Theognete Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Molytinae; Lymantini) 2458

FIGURES 175–177. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, Theognete tzotzil species group. 175. T. trusterae. 176. T. cavei. 177. T. peckorum.

FIGURES 35–37 in A taxonomic monograph of the Middle American leaf-litter inhabiting weevil genus Theognete Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Molytinae; Lymantini) 2458

FIGURES 35–37. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, Theognete araneiformis species group. 35. T. kovariki. 36. T. azteca. 37. T. striatifemur.

FIGURES 269–270 in A taxonomic monograph of the Middle American leaf-litter inhabiting weevil genus Theognete Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Molytinae; Lymantini) 2458

FIGURES 269–270. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, Theognete distenta species group. 269. T. adarmstrongae. 270. T. laurentae.

FIGURES 228–235. Abdominal ventrite 5 in A taxonomic monograph of the Middle American leaf-litter inhabiting weevil genus Theognete Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Molytinae; Lymantini) 2458

FIGURES 228–235. Abdominal ventrite 5, male, ventral view, Theognete tzotzil species group. 228. T. gaia. 229. T. sylvatica. 230. T. campbelli. 231. T. coleadesi. 232. T. ludvigseni. 233. T. illuviosa. 234. T. evelynae. 235. T. barringerorum.

FIGURES 193–195 in A taxonomic monograph of the Middle American leaf-litter inhabiting weevil genus Theognete Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Molytinae; Lymantini) 2458

FIGURES 193–195. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, Theognete tzotzil species group. 193. T. gaia. 194. T. sylvatica. 195. T. campbelli.

FIGURES 184–186 in A taxonomic monograph of the Middle American leaf-litter inhabiting weevil genus Theognete Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Molytinae; Lymantini) 2458

FIGURES 184–186. Aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, Theognete tzotzil species group. 184. T. montana. 185. T. lalannei. 186. T. hortenseae.

FIGURES 14–18 in A taxonomic monograph of the Middle American leaf-litter inhabiting weevil genus Theognete Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Molytinae; Lymantini) 2458

FIGURES 14–18. Thoracic sterna, ventral view, Theognete species. 14. T. weiri. 15. T. boaseae. 16. T. hesmos. 17. T. reprela. 18. T. lakarms.

FIGURES 8–13 in A taxonomic monograph of the Middle American leaf-litter inhabiting weevil genus Theognete Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae; Molytinae; Lymantini) 2458

FIGURES 8–13. Thoracic sterna, ventral view, Theognete species. 8. T. montana. 9. T. cavei. 10. T. braunae. 11. T. huitepec. 12. T. fossor. 13. T. lalibertei.