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Figure 2 in Aerial insects avoid fluorescing scorpions

Figure 2: Mean difference (with 95% confidence intervals) between aerial insects captured on sticky traps bearing fluorescent scorpions and sticky traps bearing non-fluorescing scorpions, using data pooled from new moon nights (total n=45) and full moon nights (total n=47).

Figure 77 in Morphology analysis supports presence of more than one species in the "Euscorpius carpathicus" complex (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)

Figure 77: Morphometric ratio (female only): metasomal segments I, III and V width/movable finger length. See Fig. 70 for definition of other terms.

Figure 76 in Morphology analysis supports presence of more than one species in the "Euscorpius carpathicus" complex (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)

Figure 76. Morphometric ratio (female only): metasomal segments I, III and V, length/width. See Fig. 70 for definition of other terms.

Figure 1 in Scorpions of Gaziantep Province, Turkey (Arachnida: Scorpiones)

Figure 1: Gaziantep Province and sampling localities: 1. Gaziantep University, 2.Şahinbey, 3. Akpınar, 4. Burç, 5. Budak, 6. Cevizli, 7. Sarıbaşak (Ispatırın), 8. Güllüce and Ellezi Mountain, 9. Günbulur, 10. Karataş, 11. Kızılhisar, 12. Mahraman, 13. Mazmakor, 14. Sarısalkım, 15. Yeşilkent, 16. Şehitkâmil, 17. Dülük, 18. Karahöyük, 19. İbrahimli, 20. Saray, 21. Y. Beylerbeyi (Serkenez), 22. Sinan, 23. Türkyurdu, 24–25. Gaziantep (Şehitkâmil)–Nizip road, 26. Gaziantep–Şehitkâmil road, 27. Karataş, 28. Karkamış, 29. Kızılpınar, 30. Nizip, 31. Kocatepe, 32. Mağaracık, 33. Üçkubbe.

Figure 1 in Aerial insects avoid fluorescing scorpions

Figure 1: Mean difference (with 95% confidence intervals) between aerial insects captured on sticky traps bearing fluorescing scorpions and sticky traps bearing non-fluorescing scorpions on six nights during the summer of 2004. Values> 0 indicate that more aerial insects were captured on traps bearing fluorescing scorpions than non-fluorescing scorpions, while values <0 indicate the reverse.

Figure 75 in Morphology analysis supports presence of more than one species in the "Euscorpius carpathicus" complex (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)

Figure 75: Morphometric ratio: chelal palm width/chelal palm depth. See Fig. 70 for definition of other terms.

Figure 1 in Mesobuthus caucasicus (Nordmann, 1840) (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Turkey

Figure 1: Map of new (circles) and previous (squares) localities of M. caucasicus from Turkey and ranges of Mesobuthus spp. in Turkey and surrounding area.

Figure 72 in Morphology analysis supports presence of more than one species in the "Euscorpius carpathicus" complex (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)

Figure 72: Morphometric ratio: pedipalp length/metasoma length. See Fig 70 for definition of other terms.

Figure 3 in Prey capture behavior in the East African scorpions Parabuthus leiosoma (Ehrenberg, 1828) and P. pallidus Pocock, 1895 (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Figure 3: Ethogram showing the behavioral components in prey capture in Parabuthus leiosoma and P. pallidus. The behavioral components are defined in the text. Arrows indicate the direction of the prey capture sequence. The framing of the behavioral components inactive, manipulation, cheliceral activity, cleaning and travel refers to any of these behaviors observed either prior to, or after any of the others.

Figure 4 in A powerful new light source for ultraviolet detection of scorpions in the field

Figure 4: Excitation spectrum of a blacklight tube and fluorescence spectrum of the scorpion cuticle. The data were recorded with a scanning spectrometer during blacklight illumination of Hadrurus obscurus (Iuridae). The broad peak below 400 nm and the discrete Hg lines correspond to the tube emission (F6T5/BLB, Sylvania), and the broad peak in the visible region (450-550 nm) corresponds to the blue-green fluorescence of the scorpion. This visible peak disappeared when the scorpion was removed and only light from the BLB tube was scanned. Identically shaped 450- 550 nm fluorescence spectra were obtained from Paruroctonus silvestrii and Paruroctonus becki (Vaejovidae), which suggests that the chemistry of fluorescence is conserved across different scorpion families. We therefore expect that UV detection results presented here will be applicable to a wide variety of scorpion taxa. We did not record the UV LED spectrum. Typical published spectra for these devices peak sharply at the rated wavelength of 395 nm, with 50% peak widths of only about 20 nm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2008View details →

Figure 2 in Rare or poorly known scorpions from Colombia. III. On the taxonomy and distribution of Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), with description of a new species of the genus

Figure 2: Adult male holotype of Rhopalurus caribensis sp. n.: a) carapace and tergites; b) pedipalp; c) sternopectinal region; d) metasomal segments IV–V and telson, lateral view.

Figure 3 in A powerful new light source for ultraviolet detection of scorpions in the field

Figure 3: Comparison of scorpion fluorescence excited by different light sources. The pair of CCD camera images show a Vaejovis confusus illuminated by (A) a fluorescent lamp equipped with two 15 W BLB tubes (2.3 A current), and (B) a 168-diode UV LED array (1.8 A current). The scorpion fluorescence in (B) was attenuated 10.5-fold by a neutral density filter to prevent CCD saturation, so it appears equally bright in this picture. Scale bar: 15 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2004View details →

Figures 2-4 in A scorpion from a peatbog: the first arthropod fossil from the Late Viséan of the Moscow Coal Basin

Figures 2-4: Scorpion leg segment (PIN no. 5072/1). 2. Leg segment showing scale at 1 mm, dorsal view. 3. Details of basal joint, ventral view. 4. Close-up of denticles, dorsal view. Leg segment orientation is based on a scorpion positioned vertically with prosoma facing upwards and metasoma facing downwards.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2009View details →

Figures 5–11 in A new species of Androctonus Ehrenberg, 1828 from Morocco (Scorpiones: Buthidae)

Figures 5–11: Androctonus maroccanus sp. n., male holotype unless stated otherwise. 5–10. Trichobothrial pattern. Chela, dorso-external and ventral aspects. 7. Idem, for female paratype. 8. Femur, dorsal aspect. 9–10. Patella, dorsal and external aspects. 11. Chelicera, dorsal aspect.

Figure 1 in The first molecular phylogeny of Buthidae (Scorpiones)

Figure 1: Maximum Likelihood (ML) tree of Old World and New World Buthidae inferred from a 296 bp fragment of the mitochondrial ribosome 16S region. The DNA substitution model was TVM + I + Γ; base frequencies: πA = 0.34, πT = 0.42, πC = 0.14, Rmatrix = (A-G = 11.50, A-C = 2.95, C-G ~ 0, A-T = 2.44, G-T = 1, C-T = 11.50), gamma shape parameter α = 0.67, and proportion of invariable sites = 0.28, respectively. The tree was rooted using the outgroup species Pseudochactas ovchinnikovi.

Figure 1 in A powerful new light source for ultraviolet detection of scorpions in the field

Figure 1: Circuit diagram of the prototype LED array. The array has a scalable architecture, here with N = 56 parallel branches. Each branch includes three LEDs in series with a single current-limiting resistor (Rs = 39 Ω). Typical forward voltage drop measured across one diode was 3.4 V, giving a total diode drop of 10.2 V in each branch. During operation, voltage across the 12 V battery terminals was Vb = 11.5 V, so the current in each branch was (11.5-10.2)/39 A ~ 33 mA. This kept the current near the maximum rating of 30 mA specified by the manufacturer for 100,000 h lifetime. Each resistor dissipates ~ 1.3 V × 33 mA = 43 mW; the 3 diodes in a branch dissipate 3 × 3.4 × 33 mA = 337 mW. By using 3 diodes to maximizing total diode voltage drop, resistor power loss is kept down to about 13% of the total power. We have implemented the simplest possible circuit to drive the LEDs, one that can be easily built by biologists who have not trained in electronic engineering. More sophisticated driver circuits might be devised to regulate or balance current flow to different branches of the array, but they probably offer little additional benefit for the purposes of scorpion detection.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2008View details →

Figure 4 in Rare or poorly known scorpions from Colombia. III. On the taxonomy and distribution of Rhopalurus laticauda Thorell, 1876 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), with description of a new species of the genus

Figure 4: Adult female paratype of Rhopalurus caribensis sp. n. from Nazareth: a) carapace and tergites; b) pedipalp; c) movable finger, dorsal view; d) sternopectinal region; e) metasomal segments IV–V and telson, lateral view.

Figure 6 in The genus Auyantepuia González-Sponga, 1978 is confirmed as a synonym of Broteochactas Pocock, 1893 (Scorpiones: Chactidae)

Figure 6: Metasomal segment V, lateral and ventral views, of select chactid genera spanning subtribes Neochactina and Brotheina, tribes Brotheini and Belisariini, and subfamilies Brotheinae and Chactinae.

Figure 71 in Morphology analysis supports presence of more than one species in the "Euscorpius carpathicus" complex (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)

Figure 71: Morphometric ratio: movable finger length/metasomal segment V length. See Fig 70 for definition of other terms.

Figure 70 in Morphology analysis supports presence of more than one species in the "Euscorpius carpathicus" complex (Scorpiones: Euscorpiidae)

Figure 70: Morphometric ratio (male and female): DPS length/distance between trichobothrium d2 and dorsoexternal carina. See Fig. 69 for method of measurement. Black bars indicate a significant diagnostic character distinct from all other species, gray bars indicate a diagnostic character distinct from other gray bar species, white bars indicate no special distinction. Horizontal bar: minimum, maximum, corrected minimum/maximum (mean-SD and mean+SD), and mean; n = number of samples, cv = coefficient of variability (SD/mean).