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Fig. 50. Character 65, iris coloration. A in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 50. Character 65, iris coloration. A: State 0, lacking metallic pigmentation and pupil ring (bicolor, AMNH live exhibit). B: State 1, with metallic pigmentation and pupil ring (subpunctatus, uncataloged MUJ specimen from Colombia: Bogotá, D.C., campus of Universidad Nacional de Colombia).
Fig. 56. Character 79, M. intermandibularis supplementary element morphology. A in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 56. Character 79, M. intermandibularis supplementary element morphology. A: State 0, anterolateral (Rhinoderma darwinii, AMNH 37849). B: State 1, anteromedial (trinitatis, uncataloged AMNH specimen, part of series collect- ed with AMNH 87392–93).
Fig. 28. Character 21 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 28. Character 21, morphology of swollen third finger in males. A: State 0, pre- and postaxial swelling (mertensi, ICN 43698). B: State 1, weak
Fig. 64. Character 121 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 64. Character 121, angle of clavicles. A: State 0, directed laterad (steyermarki, AMNH 118572). B: State 1, directed anteriad, approximately parallel to the posterior margin of the coracoid (opisthomelas, AMNH 102582). C: State 2, directed anteriad (Eupsophus roseus, KU 207501).
Fig. 59. Character 84 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 59. Character 84, median lingual process (MLP) retractility, state 1 (retractile). A: Transverse section of a protruded MLP in Phrynobatrachus natalensis (AMNH 129714). B: Transverse section of a retracted MLP in Phrynobatrachus petropedetoides (AMNH 129626).
Fig. 60. Character 86 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 60. Character 86, median lingual process (MLP) epithelium. A: State 0, glandular (Phrynobatrachus petropedetoides, AMNH 129593). The surface of the MLP is pitted with invaginations of the epithelium that form alveolar glands. B: State 1, nonglandular (Phrynobatrachus natalensis, AMNH 129732). The alveolar glands are absent, and the surface of the MLP consists of unmodified stratified epithelium.
Fig. 51. Character 66, large intestine color. A in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 51. Character 66, large intestine color. A: State 0, unpigmented (''Neblina species'', AMNH 118679). Note that the distended tissue is translucent. B: State 1, anteriorly pigmented (pratti, SIUC 07654). C: State 2, extensively pigmented (beebei, ROM 39631).
Fig. 70 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 70. Strict consensus of 25,872 most parsimonious trees of 46,520 steps: outgroup relationships and monophyly and placement of dendrobatids. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values. Family group names applied as in Frost et al. (2006). Cycloramphinae and Hylodinae were nested within Cycloramphidae in Frost et al.'s study. Numbers following terminal names are unique sample identifiers. Terminals without numbers or with alphanumeric identifiers (GenBank numbers) were not sequenced for the present study or Frost et al. (2006) and were taken from GenBank. Upper right inset shows entire cladogram and corresponding figure numbers, with present view in black.
Fig. 69. Character 143 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 69. Character 143, expansion of sacral diapophyses. A: State 0, unexpanded (riveroi, AMNH 134143l). B: State 1, moderately expanded (pumilio, AMNH 118514). C: State 2, greatly expanded (Melanophryniscus stelzneri, AMNH 77710).
Fig. 37. Character 52, dorsolateral stripe A. A, B in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 37. Character 52, dorsolateral stripe A. A, B: State 1, present in juveniles (A), absent in adults (B) (terribilis, A: captive-raised specimen; B: AMNH live exhibit). C: State 2, anterior, narrow,
Fig. 31. Character 29 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 31. Character 29, morphology of tarsal keel. A: State 0, straight or very weakly curved, extending proximolaterad from preaxial edge of inner metatarsal tubercle (imbricolus, AMNH 102082). B: State 1, tuberclelike and strongly curved at proximal end, extending from metatarsal tubercle (degranvillei, AMNH 90876). C: State 2, short, tuberclelike, curved or directed transversely across tarsus, not extending from metatarsal tubercle (''Neblina species'', AMNH 118657). D: State 3, weak, short dermal thickening, not extending from metatarsal tubercle (pumilio, AMNH 102261). The hind limb is rotated to view the inconspicuous tarsal keel in profile.
Fig. 71 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 71. Strict consensus of 25,872 most parsimonious trees of 46,520 steps: relationships among dendrobatids. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values. Numbers following terminal names are unique sample identifiers. Terminals without numbers or with alphanumeric identifiers (GenBank numbers) were not sequenced for the present study or Frost et al. (2006) and were taken from GenBank. Unidentified species taken from GenBank are labeled as originally published. Upper right inset shows entire cladogram and corresponding figure numbers, with present view in black.
Fig. 73 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 73. Strict consensus of 25,872 most parsimonious trees of 46,520 steps: relationships among dendrobatids. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values. Numbers following terminal names are unique sample identifiers. Terminals without sample numbers were taken from GenBank. Note that Morales (Morales, 2002 ''2000'') identified ''PortoWalter2'' 356 as gasconi, and ''Curuá-Una'' 354 as brunneus (see fig. 72). Upper right inset shows entire cladogram and corresponding figure numbers, with present view in black.
Fig. 61. Character 88, larval oral disc. A, B in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 61. Character 88, larval oral disc. A, B: Ventral (A) and lateral (B) views of State 0, ''normal'' (''Neblina species'', AMNH 118673). C, D: Ventral (C) and lateral (D) views of State 1, umbelliform disc (nubicola, AMNH 94849). Note also the submarginal papillae scattered over the surface of the oral disc (character 91).
Fig. 26. Characters 11–18 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 26. Characters 11–18, finger fringes. In Megaelosia goeldii (AMNH 103949) fringes are present on pre- and postaxial edges of all fingers.
Fig. 24. Character 4 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 24. Character 4, length of finger IV. A: State 0, surpassing distal subarticular tubrcle of finger III (histrionicus, AMNH 88259). B: State 1, reaching distal half of distal subarticular tubercle of finger III (tricolor, USNM 286082). Note also the strong preaxial swelling of finger III. C: State 2, not reaching distal subarticular tubercle of finger III (insperatus, KU 149684). Note also the absence of the distal subarticular tubercle of finger IV.
Fig. 23. Character 3 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 23. Character 3, distal subarticular tubercle of finger IV. A: State 0, absent (degranvillei, AMNH 90876). B: State 1, present (pictus, AMNH 79209).
Fig. 5 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 5. Hypothesized phylogeny of Dendrobates, redrawn from Summers et al. (1999b: 261, fig. 1), based on parsimony analysis of cytochrome oxidase I, cytochrome b, and 16S DNA sequences aligned with Clustal W (Thompson et al., 1994) (parameters not specified) and modified manually, excluding ambiguously aligned regions. Numbers are bootstrap frequencies (unlabeled nodes present in fewer than 50% of replicates).
Fig. 21 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 21. Number of DNA base-pairs analyzed per terminal. For specific terminal data see appendices 4 and 5.
Fig. 1 in PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS OF DART-POISON FROGS AND THEIR RELATIVES (AMPHIBIA: ATHESPHATANURA: DENDROBATIDAE)
Fig. 1. Accumulation of dendrobatid species, 1797–2005. Only named species currently recognized and included in Dendrobatidae are counted. For data see appendix 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.