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12,346 results for “derivatives”
FIGURE 1 in The Phyllomedusa perinesos group (Anura: Hylidae) is derived from a Miocene Amazonian Lineage
FIGURE 1. Above: Bayesian consensus phylogram depicting relationships among members of the Phyllomedusa perinesos species group. The phylogram was obtained from analysis of 2209 bp of mitochondrial DNA genes 12S, 16S (partial sequence), tRNA Leu, ND1, tRNA Ile, and tRNA Gln. Museum catalog no. is shown for each sample. Posterior probabilities resulting from Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo searches appear above branches; an asterisk represents a value of 1. Non-parametric bootstrap support values from maximum likelihood searches (1000 pseudoreplicates) appear below branches; an asterisk represents a value of 100. Below: Chronogram obtained from a relaxed-clock Bayesian analysis assuming a crown-group age for the clade Pelodryadinae + Phyllomedusinae of 71.91 My. The scale below represents time in My. Gray horizontal bars are 95% highest posterior density intervals for each divergence time. Outgroup taxa are not shown on either tree.
FIGURES 15–18. Neopilionid spiracles. 15. Ballarra longipalpus, showing spines derived from hypertrophied surrounding ornamentation. 16 in Revision of the genus Megalopsalis (Arachnida: Opiliones: Phalangioidea) in Australia and New Zealand and implications for phalangioid classification 2773
FIGURES 15–18. Neopilionid spiracles. 15. Ballarra longipalpus, showing spines derived from hypertrophied surrounding ornamentation. 16. Australiscutum hunti, with no anterior ornamentation and hypertrophied posterior ornamentation. 17. Monoscutum titirangiense, with multiple spine rows over covering plate. 18. Same, close-up of individual spines.
FIGURE 3. Most-parsimonious cladogram derived from 12S in A systematic review of the genus Chasmodes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Blenniidae)
FIGURE 3. Most-parsimonious cladogram derived from 12S DNA sequences from ten blenniid species. Length = 179 steps, CI = 0.65, RI = 0.85. In cases where multiple specimens of a species are present, collection numbers are listed. Support values are to left of nodes, bootstrap values above and Bremer support values below.
Figure 52. A phylogeny derived from Figure 49 in On the history, osteology, and systematic position of the Wealden (Hastings group) dinosaur Hypselospinus fittoni (Iguanodontia: Styracosterna)
Figure 52. A phylogeny derived from Figure 49 calibrated, by reference to known stratigraphical ranges of individual taxa plotted, against the geological timescale. Approximate age ranges of known taxa are indicated by black rectangles, and where there are implied stratigraphical ranges these are indicated by connecting tramlines. In instances where implied divergence events have occurred and generated substantial ghost-ranges, these are indicated by cross-hatching.
FIGURE 1. A. Phylogenetic relationships derived from 18 in Systematic ambiguity in the well-established model system insect Scathophaga stercoraria (Diptera: Scathophagidae): sister species S. soror revealed by molecular evidence
FIGURE 1. A. Phylogenetic relationships derived from 18'002 Bayesian trees based on combined COI, 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, and ITS2 sequences as established between 21 Scathophagidae species. The tree is a 50% majority rule consensus tree; values of posterior probabilities over 50% are indicated above branches (branches with probabilities less than 50% are collapsed). Scathophaga soror is evidenced in bold. B. Excerpt from a gene tree (Neighbour Joining, Kimura 2 parameters, COI gene) illustrating the sister group relationship between the monophyletic S. stercoraria and S. soror clades. Bootstrap values (for 1000 pseudo-replicates) are indicated above branches.
FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives
FIGURE 7. Comparison of the double flowers of Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx 'Sunny Balloon' and the regular ones of K. porphyrocalyx var. sambiranensis. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.
FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives
FIGURE 6. Close-up of the large, double flowers Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx 'Sunny Balloon'. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.
FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives
FIGURE 5. Material available in the horticultural trade under the name Kalanchoe 'Wendy' or, as we propose here, K. porphyrocalyx 'Wendy'. Photograph: Ronen Shtein.
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives
FIGURE 4. Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx var. sambiranensis is a generally smaller, more compact variant of K. porphyrocalyx. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives
FIGURE 2. Leaves of Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx are a pleasant light to mid-green colour, and the leaf margins are variously crenate. Inflorescences are comparatively few-flowered. Flowers are pendent and more or less glabrous. The colour of the corolla tube varies slightly from red to a deep purple-red, while the corolla lobes are usually light yellowish green. Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx var. sambiranensis is shown here. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic notes on Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) and its horticultural derivatives
FIGURE 3. Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx 'Sunny Balloon' carries large, double flowers. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.
Effects of the Hypnotic Alkylphenol Derivative Propofol on Breast Cancer Progression. A Focus on Preclinical and Clinical Studies.
<p>Propofol is a hypnotic alkylphenol derivative with many biological activities. It is predominantly used in anesthesia and is the most used parenteral anesthetic agent in the United States. Accumulating preclinical studies have shown that this compound may inhibit cancer recurrence and metastasis. Nevertheless, other investigations provided evidence that this compound may promote breast cancer cell progression by modulating different molecular pathways. Clinical data on this topic are scarce and derive from retrospective analyses. For this reason, we reviewed and evaluated the available data to reveal insight into this controversial issue. More preclinical and clinical investigations are necessary to determine the potential role of propofol in the proliferation of breast cancer cells.</p>
Data from: Monitoring soil moisture at the catchment scale – A novel approach combining antecedent precipitation index and radar-derived rainfall data
<p>Knowledge about soil moisture is important for event-based rainfall-runoff models but monitoring conditions at the catchment scale is not a trivial task. Soil moisture is highly variable in space and time, particularly in dry climates with seasonal and spatially heterogeneous rainfall. Point measurements are difficult to upscale, and remotely sensed (RS) data often lack in spatial or temporal resolution for local or regional studies. Longer latency periods – the time required before data becomes available – of some RS data make them less applicable to time-sensitive analyses such as flash flood forecasting. This study evaluated a novel approach for estimating catchment-scale volumetric soil moisture using an antecedent precipitation index (API) -based model. The model was trained and tested using in-situ soil moisture measurements collected during a 3-month field sampling campaign in a 142 km<sup>2</sup><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span> study area in central New Mexico. The calibrated model was applied at the catchment scale to produce soil moisture grids from radar-derived rainfall estimates. Model performance, resolution and latency were compared to satellite-based soil moisture estimates. Benefits of the proposed new method include high spatial resolution (1 × 1 km or less depending on the precipitation data source) and high prediction accuracy (root mean square errors 0.014–0.018 m</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><sup>3</sup><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>/m</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><sup>3</sup><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>). Given the short latency period for radar-derived rainfall data, the method has potential for use in operational flood risk assessment and forecasting.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Derived data for: "Variability of the interplanetary magnetic field as a driver of electromagnetic induction in Mercury's interior"
<p>Derived data for "Variability of the interplanetary magnetic field as a driver of electromagnetic induction in Mercury’s interior", accepted for publication in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics.</p>
Endothelial and leukocyte-derived microvesicles and cardiovascular risk after stroke: PROSCIS-B
<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the role of circulating endothelial microvesicles (EMV) and microvesicles (MV) of other origins on long-term cardiovascular outcomes after stroke, we measured them in a cohort of first-ever stroke patients and observed them for three years.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> In the PROSpective Cohort with Incident Stroke Berlin (PROSCIS-B), patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were followed for three years. The primary combined endpoint consisted of recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality. Levels of EMV, leukocyte-derived MV (LMV), monocytic MV (MMV), and platelet-derived MV (PMV) were measured in citrate blood using flow cytometry. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the effect of MV levels on the combined endpoint after adjustment confounding.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>571 patients were recruited (median age 69y; 39% female; median NIHSS 2, interquartile range 1-4). During the follow-up, 95 endpoints occurred. Patients with levels of EMV [adjusted hazard ratio (HR)=2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-4.9] or LMV (HR=3.1, 95%CI 1.4-6.8) in the highest quartile were more likely to experience an event than participants with lower levels using the lowest quartile as reference category. The association was less pronounced for PMV (HR=1.7, 95%CI 0.9-3.2) and absent for MMV (HR=1.1, 95%CI 0.6-1.8).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> High levels of EMV and LMV after ischemic stroke were associated with worse cardiovascular outcome within three years. These results reinforce that endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation affect the long-term prognosis after stroke. EMV and LMV might play a potential role in risk prediction for stroke patients.</p>
Single-cell analysis of patient-derived PDAC organoids reveals cell state heterogeneity and a conserved developmental hierarchy
<p>scRNA-seq read count matrices from patient-derived PDAC organoids.</p>
Culturing Patient-Derived Malignant Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Engineered and Fully Humanized 3D Niches
<p>Data underlying the figures in the publication “Culturing patient-derived malignant hematopoietic stem cells in engineered and fully humanized 3D niches”, published in <em>PNAS,</em><em> <strong>2021</strong>, 118 (40) e2114227118.</em></p> <p><em>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114227118</em></p> <p>Table of contents:</p> <p><strong>1. AML data_Gene expression</strong>: qPCR data related to AML samples.</p> <p><strong>2. AML data_Protein</strong>: Luminex data related to AML samples.</p> <p><strong>3. AML data_Supernatant vs Niche</strong>: FACS data comparing AML cells in the supernatant and niche compartments.</p> <p><strong>4. AML data_Supernatant</strong>: FACS data showing AML cells in the supernatant along the time.</p> <p><strong>5. Chemotherapy_2D_FACS</strong>: FACS data showing leukemic cell viability in 2D.</p> <p><strong>6. Chemotherapy_3D_FACS</strong>: FACS data showing leukemic cell viability in 3D (engineered niches).</p> <p><strong>7. MPN data</strong>: FACS data related to MPN samples.</p> <p><strong>8. SV-N_FACS</strong>: FACS data characterizing SV-N.</p> <p><strong>9. SV-N_Gene expression</strong>: qPCR data characterizing SV-N.</p> <p><strong>10. UCSD-AML1_Niche_FACS</strong>: FACS data showing UCSD-AML1 cells in the niche at final analysis.</p> <p><strong>11. UCSD-AML1_Niche_Gene expression</strong>: qPCR data showing UCSD-AML1 cells in the niche at final analysis.</p> <p><strong>12. UCSD-AML1_Supernatant_FACS</strong>: FACS data showing UCSD-AML1 cells in the supernatant along the time.</p> <p><strong>13. UCSD-AML1_Supernatant_Gene expression</strong>: qPCR data related to UCSD-AML1 cells in the supernatant along the time.</p> <p><strong>14. UCSD-AML1_Supernatant_Protein</strong>: Luminex data related to UCSD-AML1 cells in the supernatant along the time.</p> <p><strong>15. Images engineered niches</strong>: Zip archive containing images of engineered niches.</p>
Code in support of: Physical and chemical mechanisms that influence the electrical conductivity of lignin-derived biochar
<p>Lignin-derived biochar is a promising, sustainable alternative to petroleum-based carbon powders (e.g., carbon black) for electrode and energy storage applications. Prior studies of these biochars demonstrate that high electrical conductivity and good capacitive behavior are achievable. These studies also show high variability in electrical conductivity between biochars (~10^-2-10^2 S/cm). The underlying mechanisms that lead to desirable electrical properties in these lignin-derived biochars are poorly understood. In this work, we examine the causes of the variation in conductivity of lignin-derived biochar to optimize the electrical conductivity of lignin-derived biochars. To this end, we produced biochar from three different lignins, a whole biomass source (wheat stem), and cellulose at two pyrolysis temperatures (900 C, 1100 C). These biochars have a similar range of conductivities (0.002 to 18.51 S/cm) to what has been reported in the literature. Results from examining the relationship between chemical and physical biochar properties and electrical conductivity indicate that decreases in oxygen content and changes in particle size are associated with increases in electrical conductivity. Lignin isolated with an acidification process yielded biochar with higher electrical conductivity than lignin isolated with sulfate processes. These findings indicate how lignin composition and processing may be further selected and optimized to target specific energy-related applications.</p>
FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining tree derived from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 in Identification of early life-history stages of Caribbean Apogon (Perciformes: Apogonidae) through DNA Barcoding
FIGURE 1. Neighbor-joining tree derived from mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 sequences showing genetic lineages of Apogon species from Bahamas (BAH), Belize (BLZ), Curaçao (CUR), Florida (FCC, FWRI, SMS), and Saba Bank (SAB). L = larva, J = juvenile, A = adult.
FIGURE 4. Majority-rule consensus tree derived from a in Revision and phylogeny of narrow-mouthed treefrogs (Cophyla) from northern Madagascar: integration of molecular, osteological, and bioacoustic data reveals three new species
FIGURE 4. Majority-rule consensus tree derived from a partitioned Bayesian inference analysis of concatenated DNA sequences of the 12S, 16S, COX1, COB, RAG1, KIAA1239, SACS, and TTN genes (6244 bp), showing relationships among species of the Cophylinae. Numbers at nodes are posterior probabilities (first number; values>0.95 bold) and maximum parsimony bootstrap values in percent (second value;>70% bold). The grey box highlights the included species of the genera Cophyla and Platypelis, which form two highly supported and reciprocally monophyletic groups.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.