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Fig. 14 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 14. Spermatozoa of Lepidocharax diamantina (MNRJ 21997, 34.7 mm SL) A: Longitudinal section of spermatozoa. Note the position of the nucleus (n) in relation to the flagellar axis, the position of the double nuclear fossa (double arrow), the midpiece and the cytoplasmic canal (*) into which is the initial segment of the flagellum (f). B-C: Cross sections at different levels of the nucleus showing large vesicles (v) in the surrounding cytoplasmic layer. D-F: Cross sections at different levels of the strongly asymmetric midpiece, from the base of the nucleus (n) to the midpiece end exposing the cytoplasmic canal (*) and the distribution of the few elongate mitochondria (m) accumulated in the major portion of the midpiece. G: Cross section of the flagella with the classic axoneme (a).

Fig. 12 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 12. Spermatozoa of Planaltina myersi (MZUSP 100642, 32.1 mm SL). A: Longitudinal section of spermatozoa. Note the lateral position of the nucleus (n) in relation to the flagellar axis, the midpiece and the cytoplasmic canal (*) into which is the initial segment of the flagellum (f). Inset: The proximal centriole is anterior and in an obtuse angle in relation to the distal centriole. Innumerable fibrils or striated centriolar rootlets radiate from the distal centriole (p), surround the tip of the nucleus forming a thick cap. B-E: Cross sections at different levels of the nucleus showing the lateral position of the distal centriole (c). F-G: Cross sections at different levels of the strongly asymmetric midpiece with some spherical mitochondria (m) accumulated in major portion.

Fig. 13 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 13. Spermatozoa of Lepidocharax burnsi (MCP 34828, paratype, 31.9 mm SL) A: Longitudinal section of spermatozoa. Note the lateral position of the nucleus (n) in relation to the flagellar axis, the midpiece and the cytoplasmic canal (*) into which is the initial segment of the flagellum (f). The distal and proximal centrioles are outside the single and shadow nuclear fossa. Inset: The centriolar complex is associated at the tip of the nucleus. B-D: Cross sections at different levels of the nucleus showing the lateral position of the distal centriole (c) and the flagellum (f). E-G: Cross sections at different levels of the strongly asymmetric midpiece with some spherical mitochondria (m) accumulated in the major portion. H: Cross section of the flagella with the classic axoneme (a).

Fig. 11 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 11. Light micrographs through mature ovaries of Lepidocharax. Arrows show spermatozoa (sp). A: Lepidocharax diamantina (MNRJ 21997, 40.4 mm SL). B: Lepidocharax burnsi (MCP 34828, 29.9 mm SL).

Fig. 16 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 16. Scanning electron micrograph of dorsal cranium region. Arrows evidencing the groove in the head above the eyes; A: Diapoma terofali (MCP 11491, 70x magnification) groove reduced, shallow, not well delineated and with only few neuromasts; B: Hysteronotus megalostomus (MZUSP 85978, 50x magnification) groove developed, depth, well delineated and with numerous neuromasts. Anterior to right.

Fig. 9. Lepidocharax burnsi, LIRP 2069 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 9. Lepidocharax burnsi, LIRP 2069, paratype, 34.0 mm SL, adult male. Upper and lower jaws, right side, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 4. Lepidocharax diamantina, MNRJ 21997 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 4. Lepidocharax diamantina, MNRJ 21997, paratypes, 38.0 mm SL. Upper and lower jaws, left side, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 7 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 7. Lepidocharax burnsi, holotype, female, MCP 45718, 34.4 mm SL: Brazil, Minas Gerais, Brumadinho, rio Paraopeba.

Fig. 5. Lepidocharax diamantina, MNRJ 21997 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 5. Lepidocharax diamantina, MNRJ 21997, paratypes, male, 32.3 mm SL. Caudal-fin squamation, lateral view, left side.

Fig. 3 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 3. Hooks on anal-fin rays of Lepidocharax diamantina, MNRJ 21997, paratypes, 38.0 mm SL, adult male.

Fig. 2 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 2. Lepidocharax diamantina, holotype, male, MNRJ 37509, 38.8 mm SL: Brazil, Bahia, Palmeiras, rio Santo Antônio.

Fig. 1 in A new genus and two new species of Stevardiinae (Characiformes: Characidae) with a hypothesis on their relationships based on morphological and histological data

Fig. 1. Maximally parsimonious hypothesis of relationships within the Lepidocharax based on 153 characters.

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Figure 34. Interrelationships among basal actinopterygians including the new data from Stegotrachelus finlayi. A branch and bound search reveals a in Devonian actinopterygian phylogeny and evolution based on a redescription of Stegotrachelus finlayi

Figure 34. Interrelationships among basal actinopterygians including the new data from Stegotrachelus finlayi. A branch and bound search reveals a single most parsimonious tree (length = 145; consistency index = 0.57; retention index = 0.75; rescaled consistency index = 0.43). Values immediately below the nodes are Bremer decay indices. Values above Bremer decay indices represent bootstrap support values based on a heuristic search algorithm with 10 000 pseudoreplicates and ten addition-sequence replicates. Bootstrap values in excess of 40% are included. Letters at nodes are keyed to the apomorphy list provided in Appendix S3. Line drawings adapted from: Onychodus jandemarrai, Andrews et al. (2006), with body adapted from Strunius, Jessen (1966); Miguashaia bureaui, Cloutier (1996); Uranolophus wyomingensis, Long (1993); Osteolepis macrolepidotus, Jarvik (1948); Cheirolepis canadensis, Arratia & Cloutier (1996); Cheirolepis schultzei, Arratia & Cloutier (2004); Cheirolepis tralli, Pearson & Westoll (1979); Osorioichthys marginis, Taverne (1997); Donnrosenia schaefferi, Long et al. (2008); Tegeolepis clarki, Friedman & Blom (2006); Howqualepis rostridens, Long (1988); 'Mimia' toombsi, Gardiner (1984); Krasnoyarichthys jesseni, Prokofiev (2002); S. finlayi is original; Moythomasia dugaringa, Gardiner (1984) and Brian Choo (pers. comm., 2008); Moythomasia nitida, Jessen (1968); Limnomis delaneyi, Daeschler (2000); Cuneognathus gardineri and Kentuckia hlavini, Friedman & Blom (2006); Melanecta anneae and Woodichthys bearsdeni, Coates (1998); Wendyichthys dicksoni, Lund & Poplin (1997).

Figure 4 in The differentiation of bunodont Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) of Africa: new data from Kalodirr and Moruorot, Kenya

Figure 4. Basicranium and nuchal face of Listriodon jeanneli and comparisons with other listriodonts. A–C, drawings of the ventral view of the auditory region, of A, Lis. jeanneli (KNM WK-17127); B, Listriodon splendens (MNHN Sa 10141); C, Libycochoerus massai (MNHN LBE 563). E–F, dorsal view of the skull KNM WK-17127 of Lis. jeanneli; comparison with D, dorsal view of the skull MNHN LBE 563 of Lib. massai. Abbreviations: ab, auditory bulla; flm, foramen lacerum medium (median lacerate foramen); flp, foramen lacerum posterior (posterior lacerate foramen = foramen jugulare); fm, foramen magnum; fo, foramen ovale; hf, hypoglossal foramen; gs, glenoid surface; mf, mandibular fossa; nc, nuchal crest; nt, nuchal tubercle; oam, opening of the auditory meatus (opening of the external acoustic meatus); oc, occipital condyle; pgp, postglenoid process; pop, paroccipital process; ptp, post-tympanic process; sf, styloid foramen; smf, stylomastoid foramen; smp, suprameatic process; tn, tympanic neck. Scale bars: A–C = 50 mm; D–F = 50 mm.

Figure 9 in The differentiation of bunodont Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) of Africa: new data from Kalodirr and Moruorot, Kenya

Figure 9. Phylogenetic relationships of the Listriodontinae: strict consensus of the 27 parsimonious trees (length = 153; consistency index = 0.55; retention index = 0.77). Above the nodes are the number of unambiguous synapomorphies followed by the total number of synapomorphies (ACCTRAN optimization). Bremer support (Bremer, 1994) superior to 1 is in parentheses after the letter corresponding to the node. A indicates the African taxa. Abbreviations: Na, Namachoerini; Ku, Kubanochoerini; Li, Listriodontini.

Figure 3 in The differentiation of bunodont Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) of Africa: new data from Kalodirr and Moruorot, Kenya

Figure 3. Cranium of Listriodon jeanneli KNM WK-17127 in A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, detail of the left cheek teeth row in occlusal view; D, lateral view; E, right auditory bulla associated to the cranium in a, posterior; b, medial; c, anterior; d, lateral; e, anterior view. Scale bars: A, B, D = 50 mm; C, E = 20 mm.

Figure 6 in The differentiation of bunodont Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) of Africa: new data from Kalodirr and Moruorot, Kenya

Figure 6. Craniodental remains of Listriodon jeanneli from Moruorot (KNM MO 18127): A, fragment of mandible with right p3–m3 in view a, occlusal; b, lingual; c, ventral; d, buccal; B, left upper male canine in view a, anterior; b, ventral; c, posterior; d, dorsal; C fragment of maxilla with right P4–M2 with associated right and left M3. Scale bar = 50 mm.

Figure 2 in The differentiation of bunodont Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) of Africa: new data from Kalodirr and Moruorot, Kenya

Figure 2. Nomenclature of: A, upper molar and B, lower molar of bunolophodont listriodonts. Grooves are figured in full lines, crests in dotted lines. Abbreviations: Equivalent for Hünermann's (1986) coordinates corresponding to the lower molars are given in parentheses; a, ectometafossa/id (1); b, premetafossa/id (2); c, endometafossa/id (3); d, postmetafossa/id (3i); E, entoconid; e, ectoprotoconid (4); eHc, ectohypocrista; f, preprotofossa/id (5); g, endoprotofossa/id (6); H, hypocone/id; Hpe, prehypoconule/id; h, postprotofossa/id (6a); i, pre-entofossa/id (7); j, endoentofossa/id (8); k, postentofossa/id (9); l, ectohypofossa/id (10); M, metacone/ id; m, prehypofossa/id (10v); n, entohypofossa/id (11); o, posthypofossa/id (12); Pa, paracone; Pe, pentaconid; pHc, posthypocrista; Po, protocone/id; Pp, preprotoconule/id.

Figure 7 in The differentiation of bunodont Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) of Africa: new data from Kalodirr and Moruorot, Kenya

Figure 7. Comparison of mandibles and lower cheek teeth of Listriodon jeanneli from Moruorot (KNM MO 18127, B, D, F) and Kubanochoerus anchidens Rusinga (KNM RU 2785, A, C, E). A–B, occlusal views; C–D, detail of the jugal teeth; E–F, right male lower canine section, postfacet orientated downwards. A and B are reconstructions of the original specimens. Abbreviations: ab, anterior basin; lb, lingual basin; m, metaconid; pf, postfossid; pmc, postmetacristid; Scale bars: A–B = 50 mm, C–F = 20 mm.

Figure 5 in The differentiation of bunodont Listriodontinae (Mammalia, Suidae) of Africa: new data from Kalodirr and Moruorot, Kenya

Figure 5. Comparison of the lateral profile of the skull KNM WK-17127 from Kalodirr and the left profile of the holotype of Listriodon jeanneli from Moruorot (MNHN 1933-9) with a reconstruction of the living appearance of Lis. jeanneli. The corresponding features and placemarks are the following: 1, thickness of the zygomatic arch; 2, distal edge of the palatal part of the maxilla; 3, basis of the pterygoids; 4, position of the fossa for the oblique ventral muscle (fossa musculus obliquus ventralis); 5, level of the anterior origin of the sagittal crest. Scale bar = 50 mm.