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3,472 results for “Balance”
Distributed flux balance analysis simulations of serial biomass fermentation by two organisms
<p><span>Intelligent biorefinery design that addresses both the composition of the biomass feedstock as well as fermentation microorganisms could benefit from dedicated tools for computational simulation and computer-assisted optimization. Here we present the BioLego Vn2.0 framework, based on Microsoft Azure Cloud, which supports large-scale simulations of biomass serial fermentation processes by two different organisms. BioLego enables the simultaneous analysis of multiple fermentation scenarios and the comparison of fermentation potential of multiple feedstock compositions. Thanks to the effective use of cloud computing it further allows resource intensive analysis and exploration of media and organism modifications. We use BioLego to obtain biological and validation results, including (1) exploratory search for the optimal utilization of corn biomasses – corn cobs, corn fiber and corn stover – in fermentation biorefineries; (2) analysis of the possible effects of changes in the composition of <i>K. alvarezi</i> biomass on the ethanol production yield in an anaerobic two-step process (<i>S. cerevisiae</i> followed by <i>E. coli</i>); (3) analysis of the impact, on the estimated ethanol production yield, of knocking out single organism reactions either in one or in both organisms in an anaerobic two-step fermentation process of <i>Ulva</i> sp. into ethanol (<i>S. cerevisiae</i> followed by <i>E. coli</i>); and (4) comparison of several experimentally measured ethanol fermentation rates with the predictions of BioLego.</span></p>
Data from: Complex selection on a regulator of social cognition: evidence of balancing selection, regulatory interactions and population differentiation in the prairie vole Avpr1a locus
Adaptive variation in social behavior depends upon standing genetic variation, but we know little about how evolutionary forces shape genetic diversity relevant to brain and behavior. In prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), variants at the Avpr1a locus predict expression of the vasopressin 1a receptor in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a brain region that mediates spatial and contextual memory; cortical V1aR abundance in turn predicts diversity in space-use and sexual fidelity in the field. To examine the potential contributions of adaptive and neutral forces to variation at the Avpr1a locus, we explore sequence diversity at the Avpr1a locus and throughout the genome in two populations of wild prairie voles. First, we refine results demonstrating balancing selection at the locus by comparing the frequency spectrum of variants at the locus to a random sample of the genome. Next, we find that the four SNPs that predict high V1aR expression in the RSC are in stronger linkage disequilibrium than expected by chance despite high recombination among intervening variants, suggesting that epistatic selection maintains their association despite recombination. Analysis of population structure and a haplotype network for two populations revealed that this excessive LD was unlikely to be due to admixture alone. Furthermore, the two populations differed considerably in the region shown to be a regulator of V1aR expression despite the extremely low levels of genome-wide genetic differentiation. Together, our data suggest that complex selection on Avpr1a locus favors specific combinations of regulatory polymorphisms, maintains the resulting alleles at populations-specific frequencies, and may contribute to unique patterns of spatial cognition and sexual fidelity among populations.
Data from: Ancient polymorphisms contribute to genome-wide variation by long-term balancing selection and divergent sorting in Boechera stricta
Background: Genomic variation is widespread, and both neutral and selective processes can generate similar patterns in the genome. These processes are not mutually exclusive, so it is difficult to infer the evolutionary mechanisms that govern population and species divergence. Boechera stricta,is a perennial relative of Arabidopsis thaliana native to largely undisturbed habitats with two geographic and ecologically divergence subspecies. Here we delineate the evolutionary processes driving genetic diversity and population differentiation in this species. Results: Using whole genome re-sequencing data from 517 Boechera stricta accessions, we identify four genetic groups that diverged around 30 - 180 thousand years ago, with long-term small effective population sizes and recent population expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum. We find three genomic regions with elevated nucleotide diversity, totaling about 10% of the genome. These three regions of elevated nucleotide diversity show excess of intermediate-frequency alleles, higher absolute divergence (dXY) and lower relative divergence (FST) than genomic background, and significant enrichment in immune-related genes, reflecting long-term balancing selection. Scattered across the genome we also find regions with both high FST and DXY among groups, termed FST-islands. Population genetic signatures indicate that FST-islands with elevated divergence, which have experienced directional selection, are derived from divergent sorting of ancient polymorphisms. Conclusions: Our results suggest that long-term balancing selection on disease resistance genes may have maintained ancestral haplotypes across different geographical lineages, and unequal sorting of balanced polymorphisms may have generated genomic regions with elevated divergence. This study highlights the importance of ancestral balanced polymorphisms as crucial components of genome-wide variation.
Data from: Ecological factors influence balancing selection on leaf chemical profiles of a wildflower
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Balancing selection is frequently invoked as a mechanism to maintain variation within and across populations. However, rigorous tests demonstrating balancing selection operating in nature are scarce, particularly on complex traits, which frequently display high levels of variation. Leveraging a focal polymorphism, leaf chemical profile in a perennial wildflower (<em>Boechera stricta</em>, Brassicaceae), we investigated the ecological and genetic mechanisms that may influence the maintenance of variation in this trait. A suite of common garden and greenhouse experiments showed that the alleles underlying variation in chemical profile have contrasting fitness effects across environments, implicating two ecological drivers of selection on chemical profile: herbivory and drought. Phenotype-environment associations and molecular genetic analyses revealed additional evidence of past selection by these drivers. Together, these data are consistent with balancing selection on chemical profile, likely caused by pleiotropic effects of genes that influence secondary chemical biosynthesis on herbivore defense and drought response.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Data from: Genetic responsiveness of African buffalo to environmental stressors: a role for epigenetics in balancing autosomal and sex chromosome interactions?
In the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) population of the Kruger National Park (South Africa) a primary sex-ratio distorter and a primary sex-ratio suppressor have been shown to occur on the Y chromosome. A subsequent autosomal microsatellite study indicated that two types of deleterious alleles with a negative effect on male body condition, but a positive effect on relative fitness when averaged across sexes and generations, occur genome-wide and at high frequencies in the same population. One type negatively affects body condition of both sexes, while the other acts antagonistically: it negatively affects male but positively affects female body condition. Here we show that high frequencies of male-deleterious alleles are attributable to Y-chromosomal distorter-suppressor pair activity and that these alleles are suppressed in individuals born after three dry pre-birth years, likely through epigenetic modification. Epigenetic suppression was indicated by statistical interactions between pre-birth rainfall, a proxy for parental body condition, and the phenotypic effect of homozygosity/heterozygosity status of microsatellites linked to male-deleterious alleles, while a role for the Y-chromosomal distorter-suppressor pair was indicated by between-sex genetic differences among pre-dispersal calves. We argue that suppression of male-deleterious alleles results in negative frequency-dependent selection of the Y distorter and suppressor; a prerequisite for a stable polymorphism of the Y distorter-suppressor pair. The Y distorter seems to be responsible for positive selection of male-deleterious alleles during resource-rich periods and the Y suppressor for positive selection of these alleles during resource-poor periods. Male-deleterious alleles were also associated with susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis, indicating that Kruger buffalo are sensitive to stressors such as diseases and droughts. We anticipate that future genetic studies on African buffalo will provide important new insights into gene fitness and epigenetic modification in the context of sex-ratio distortion and infectious disease dynamics.
Background data: Hy:Con: A Strategic Tool For Balancing Hydropower Development And Conservation Needs
<p>Background data to the publication "Hy:Con: A Strategic Tool For Balancing Hydropower Development And Conservation Needs"</p>
Fire Events with Water Balance Shift for Western US during 2014-2020
<p>This dataset comprises fire events in the Western US during 2014-2020, with respective fire characteristics, centroid locations, and variables necessary to calculate water balance shift during pre- and post-fire years, as described in the manuscript (Ahmad et al., 2023)</p>
COSIPY distributed simulations of Mera Glacier mass and energy balance (20161101-20201101)
<p>The four netCDF files contain outputs from COSIPY model (Sauter et al., 2020) for Mera Glacier for the period 20161101 to 20201101. The model is run on a 0.003°*0.003° grid, and forced with meteological variables collected locally and distributed with constant gradients. The "constants.py" is the python file that contains the specific model settings.</p>
Data from: Effectiveness of Online Off-the-Job Training in Attracting Participants and Video-On-Demand Streaming in Improving Work-Life Balance: A Study Focusing on Medical Technologists
<p>The Nara Association of Medical Technologists has introduced online Off-Job Training (Off-JT) starting from FY2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to evaluate the online Off-JT, which differs from the traditional face-to-face format. Firstly, we compared the online format's ability to attract participants with the face-to-face format based on the number of training sessions and attendees. Despite having fewer training sessions (40.8% less), the online format had an average attendance of 105.4% higher (39.7 vs. 19.3) than the face-to-face format. To enhance participant convenience, we offered a limited number of live and video-on-demand (VOD) sessions on YouTube, evaluating their usefulness through an online survey focusing on work-life balance (WLB). The survey results showed that 81.9% (458/559) of respondents reported an improvement in WLB. The effect on WLB improvement varied depending on the viewing method, with VOD sessions showing 84.1% (376/447) and live sessions showing 73.2% (82/112). We believe that the increased ability to attract participants in the online Off-JT is mainly due to the elimination of travel burdens through internet-connected devices. The combination of live and VOD sessions on YouTube allowed participants to adjust their viewing time, leading to better allocation of free time and improved WLB. The online Off-JT and VOD delivery have shown to enhance convenience for participants by removing geographical and time constraints, resulting in positive effects.</p>
Foam fractionation for removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Towards closing the mass balance
<p>This data is associated with the publication <em><span>Foam fractionation for removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Towards closing the mass balance</span></em><span><em>:</em> </span><span><a>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162050. </a></span></p>
Data - "Balancing Risk-Return Decisions by Manipulating the Mesofrontal Circuits in Primates"
<p>Averaged data associated with article "Balancing Risk-Return Decisions by Manipulating the Mesofrontal Circuits in Primates"</p>
Dataset of paper "Predicting the size of silver nanoparticles synthesised in flow reactors: Coupling population balance models with fluid dynamic simulations"
<p>Dataset of paper "Predicting the size of silver nanoparticles synthesised in flow reactors: Coupling population balance models with fluid dynamic simulations"</p>
A Deep Learning Approach to Extract Balanced Motions from Sea Surface Height Snapshot
<p>Related dataset for the paper "A Deep Learning Approach to Extract Balanced Motions from Sea Surface Height Snapshot" submitted to GRL</p>
Observation of 1/3 fractional quantum Hall physics in balanced large angle twisted bilayer graphene
<p>Raw data of Main figures (.dat file) and Monte Carlo calculation results at various filling factor (.xlsx file).</p> <p>In the mangetotransport file name, "Q mV" refers to the DMM sensitivity. The resistance is calcuated as "(Voltage drop x (Q) x 0.1) / (1E-7)".</p> <p> </p>
A bipartite function of ESRRB can integrate signalling over time to balance self - renewal and differentiation
<p>Cooperative DNA binding of transcription factors (TFs) integrates the cellular contextto support cell specification during development. Naïvemouse embryonic stem cells are derived from early development and can sustain the pluripotent identity indefinitely. Here we ask whether TFs associated with pluripotency evolved to directly support this state, or if the state emerges from their combinatorial action. NANOG and ESRRB are key pluripotency factors that co-bind DNA. We find that when both factors are expressed, ESRRB supports pluripotency. However, when NANOG is absent, ESRRB supports a bistable culture of cells with an embryo-like primitive endoderm identity ancillary to pluripotency. The stoichiometry between NANOG and ESRRB allows quantitative titration of this differentiation, and in silico modelling of bipartite ESRRBactivity suggests itsafeguards plasticity in differentiation. Thus, the concerted activity of cooperative TFs can transform their effect to sustain intermediate cell identities and allow ex vivo expansion of immortalstem cells. A record of this paper’s Transparent Peer Review process is included in the Supplemental Information.</p>
Work Life Balance dan Produktivitas Kerja Dosen PTKIN Selama Work From Home di Era Pandemik Covid-19
<p>Naskah ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang work life balance dan produktifitas kerja dosen pada Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Negeri (PTKIN) di Indonesia, terutama di masa pandemi covid-19. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terstruktur dengan menggunakan google form.</p>
Hasil Wawancara Riset Work Life Balance
<p>Data yang ditampilkan adalah hasil wawancara dalam penelitian tentang Work Life Balance di masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini ditujukan kepada dosen Perguruan Tinggi Islam di Indonesia.</p>
Nitrate δ15N values and surface mass balance reconstructions from East Antarctica
<p>Geographic information, surface mass balance (SMB) data, and sub-photic zone (>0.3 m) nitrate concentration and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15NNO3) for 135 sites across East Antarctica. This database was used to examine and define the relationship between δ15NNO3 and SMB in Antarctica as part of the SCADI (Snow Core Accumulation from Delta-15N Isotopes) and EAIIST (East Antarctic International Ice Sheet Traverse) projects. Of these 135 sites, 92 are newly reported here while the other site data were previously published and are cited accordingly. Snow bearing nitrate was sampled from snow pits and firn/ice cores at different dates depending on the original scientific campaign, but predominately between 2010 and 2020, with the earliest sampling occurring in 2004. Nitrate was later extracted from the snow, concentrated, and analyzed for δ15NNO3. Surface mass balance data comes from a combination of previous ground-based observations (e.g., stakes, ice core data) and the output from Modèle Atmosphérique Régional version 3.6.4 with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts “Interim” re-analysis data (ERA-interim) data, adjusted for observed model SMB biases. Elevation data were extracted from the Reference Elevation Model of Antarctica (REMA, <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-665-2019">https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-665-2019</a>).</p> <p>Also contains nitrate concentration and isotopic (δ15NNO3) data, ice density, and surface mass balance estimates from the ABN1314-103 ice core. This 103 m long core was drilled beginning on 07 January 2014 as one of three ice cores at Aurora Basin North, Antarctica (-71.17, 111.37, 2679 m.a.s.l), in the 2013-2014 field season. The age-depth model for ABN1314-103 was matched through ion profiles from an annually-resolved model (ALC01112018) originally developed for one of the other ABN cores through seasonal ion and water isotope cycles and constrained by volcanic horizons. Each 1 m segment of the core was weighed and measured for ice density calculations, and then sampled for nitrate at 0.33 m resolution. Nitrate concentrations were taken on melted ice aliquots with ion chromatography, while isotopic analysis was achieved through bacterial denitrification and MAT 253 mass spectrometry after concentrating with anionic resin. Using the density data and the age-depth model’s dates for the top and bottom of each 1 m core segment, we reconstructed a history of surface mass balance changes as recorded in ABN1314-103. Additionally, we also estimated the effect of upstream topographic changes on the ice core’s surface mass balance record through a ground penetrating radar transect that extended 11.5 km against the direction of glacial ice flow. The modern SMB changes along this upstream transect were linked to ABN1314-103 core depths by through the local horizontal ice flow rate (16.2 m a-1) and the core’s age-depth model, and included here for comparative analysis. </p>
The effect of haptic feedback in the balance of a bicycle
<p>Roll_data_perturbation folder includes the data of all 20 participants. The signals are organized in structures and contain both pure measurement data (labeled data) and the outputs of the Finite Impulse Response Model (labeled black_box).</p>
Data from: Neurofeedback facilitation enhances post-stroke gait and balance recovery: a randomized trial
<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To test the hypothesis that supplementary motor area (SMA) facilitation with functional near-infrared spectroscopy mediated neurofeedback (fNIRS-NFB) augments post-stroke gait and balance recovery using the 3-meter-Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, we conducted this two-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 54 Japanese patients.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients with subcortical stroke-induced mild-to-moderate gait disturbance more than 12 weeks from onset, underwent 6 sessions of SMA neurofeedback facilitation during gait- and balance-related motor imagery using fNIRS-NFB. Participants were randomly allocated to intervention (REAL: 28 patients) or placebo (SHAM: 26 patients) group. In the REAL group, the fNIRS signal contained participants' cortical activation information. Primary outcome was TUG improvement, 4 weeks post intervention.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The REAL group showed greater improvement in the TUG test (12.84 ± 15.07 s, 95% CI: 7.00-18.68) than the SHAM group (5.51± 7.64 s, 95% CI: 2.43 – 8.60; group difference 7.33 s, 95% CI: 0.83 – 13.83; p = 0.028), even after adjusting for covariates (group × time interaction; F1.23,61.69 = 4.50, p = 0.030, partial η2 = 0.083). Only the REAL group showed significantly increased imagery-related SMA activation and enhancement of resting-state connectivity between SMA and ventrolateral premotor area. Adverse effects associated with fNIRS-mediated neurofeedback intervention were absent.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> SMA facilitation during motor imagery using fNIRS neurofeedback may augment post-stroke gait and balance recovery by modulating the SMA and its related network.</p> <p><strong>Classification of Evidence:</strong> This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with gait disturbance from subcortical stroke, SMA neurofeedback facilitation improves TUG time. (UMIN000010723 at UMIN-CTR http://www.umin.ac.jp/english/)</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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