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Figs. 16, 17 in The Solitary Bee Calliopsis zebrata: Biological and Distributional Notes and Description of Its Larva (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Panurginae)

Figs. 16, 17. Larval spiracle of Calliopsis z. bobbae. 16. SEM micrograph of spiracular peritreme with elevated rim of postdefecating form, external view. 17. Macrophotograph of entire spiracle of predefecating form, lateral view.

Figs. 19–21 in The Solitary Bee Calliopsis zebrata: Biological and Distributional Notes and Description of Its Larva (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Panurginae)

Figs. 19–21. SEM micrographs of Calliopsis z. bobbae. 19. Head of predefecating larva, frontal view. 20. Close-up of mouthparts of same, frontal view. 21. Close-up of right mandible, maxilla, and hypopharynx, frontolateral view, showing fine teeth along dorsal apical edge of mandible and spicules on dorsal surfaces of hypopharynx and maxilla.

Fig. 18 in The Solitary Bee Calliopsis zebrata: Biological and Distributional Notes and Description of Its Larva (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Panurginae)

Fig. 18. Diagram of head of mature larva of Calliopsis zebrata, lateral view; verrucosities of labiomaxillary region not depicted.

Figs. 8–9 in The Solitary Bee Calliopsis zebrata: Biological and Distributional Notes and Description of Its Larva (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Panurginae)

Figs. 8–9. Macrophotographs of preserved mature larvae, lateral view, of Calliopsis z. bobbae (left) and C. z. zebrata (right).

Figs. 4–7. 4 in The Solitary Bee Calliopsis zebrata: Biological and Distributional Notes and Description of Its Larva (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Panurginae)

Figs. 4–7. 4. Margaret collecting mating pairs of Calliopsis zebrata bobbae by hand at nesting site, the more-or-less barren surface in the foreground. 5. Close-up of nesting surface, with lower leaders pointing to some (among many) nest tumuli and upper leaders pointing to some (among many) food plants. 6. Close-up of flowering Astragalus humistratus. 7. Provision sphere.

Figs. 1–3. 1–2 in The Solitary Bee Calliopsis zebrata: Biological and Distributional Notes and Description of Its Larva (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae: Panurginae)

Figs. 1–3. 1–2. Macrophotograph of adult Calliopsis zebrata bobbae from Flagstaff, Arizona. 1. Dorsum of female, showing well-developed yellow maculations on mesoscutellum and metanotum. 2. Male metasomal showing paired yellow spots (leaders) on metasomal sternum 2. 3. Face of adult female of C. z. zebrata from Oklahoma showing dark clypeal marks, which on other specimens from same locality can be less or more extensive.

Figs. 70–74 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Figs. 70–74. Pupae of rophitines bees. 70. Dufourea holocyanea, female, lateral view. 71. Male antenna of D. holocyanea, drawn to same scale as female. 72. S6 of male of D. holocyanea, ventral view. 73. Dufourea a. australis, male, lateral view. 74. Rophites canus, female. Scale refers to figs. 70, 71, 73, and 74.

Fig. 64 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 64. Postdefecating larva of Conanthalictus bakeri? (specimen not certainly identified to species; see text). Fig. 65. Predefecating larva of C. bakeri (specimen certainly identified to species). Figs. 66, 67. Head of postdefecating larva of C. bakeri?, frontal and lateral views, respectively. Scale refers to figs. 64, 65.

Figs. 68, 69 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Figs. 68, 69. SEM micrographs of predefecating larva of Conanthalictus bakeri? 68. Labrum, right side, and right mandible, frontal view, showing tubercle on outer surface and bifid apex of mandible. 69. Right antenna, with sensilla identified by rectangles.

Figs. 62, 63. Rophites canus. 62 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Figs. 62, 63. Rophites canus. 62. SEM micrograph of spiracle. 63. Nesting site (in foreground) at the soccer field on the campus of Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey. This is the same soccer field where nests of Systropha planidens were excavated.

Figs. 56–61 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Figs. 56–61. SEM micrographs of postdefecating larvae of Rophites canus. 56. Head, frontal view. 57. Labiomaxillary region, frontal view. 58. Close-up of salivary lips, frontal view. 59. Left antenna, showing four sensilla. 60. Paired dorsal thoracic tubercles. 61. Close-up of meso- and metathoracic tubercles, right side, showing texture of flattened apices.

Figs. 50–55. Rophites canus. 50. Postdefecating larva, lateral view. 51 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Figs. 50–55. Rophites canus. 50. Postdefecating larva, lateral view. 51. Apex of abdomen, lateral view. 52. Head, frontal view. 53. Head, lateral view. 54. Right mandible, inner view. 55. Spiracle, side view. Scale refers to figs. 50, 51.

Fig. 47 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 47. Systropha planidens, cell, side view, front end toward left, showing dull wall with gauge marks (arrows) presumably caused by female

Figs. 38–41. Systropha planidens. 38. Predefecating larva, lateral view. 39. Head, frontal view. 40, 41 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Figs. 38–41. Systropha planidens. 38. Predefecating larva, lateral view. 39. Head, frontal view. 40, 41. Right mandible, inner and ventral views, respectively. Scale refers to fig. 38.

Figs. 42–46 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Figs. 42–46. SEM micrographs of predefecating larva of Systropha planidens. 42. Head, frontal view. 43. Left antenna. 44. Close-up of left mandible, outer view, showing outer, apical tubercle cluster and sinuate shape of apex. 45. Apex of labiomaxillary region. 46. Close-up of salivary opening identified by rectangle in fig. 45.

Figs. 36, 37 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Figs. 36, 37. SEM micrographs of left dorsal tubercle on abdominal segment 3 of postdefecating larva of Protodufourea eickworti and close-up of same, dorsal view, respectively.

Figs. 31–35. Protodufourea eickworti. 31. Live postdefecating larva, lateral view. 32, 33 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Figs. 31–35. Protodufourea eickworti. 31. Live postdefecating larva, lateral view. 32, 33. Head, frontal and lateral views, respectively. 34, 35. Right mandible dorsal and ventral views, respectively. Scale refers to fig. 31.

Figs. 21–26 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Figs. 21–26. Photographs of cells of Dufourea a. australis. 21. Rear part showing matt finish of lining. 22. Front end showing spiral closure; closure diameter 3.0 mm. 23. Inner surface of cocoon showing white silken cocoon surface with elongate dark bodies. 24. Rear sidewall of cell, front end toward left, showing parallel streaks of pale feces, deposited before cocoon spinning. 25. Front end of cell, showing glistening, brownish material covering cell closure and front wall deposited before cocoon spinning. 26. Cell wall showing feces of cleptoparasite Neopasites cressoni.

Figs. 27–30. Dufourea mulleri. 27. Predefecating larva, lateral view. 28 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Figs. 27–30. Dufourea mulleri. 27. Predefecating larva, lateral view. 28. Head, frontal view (atp 5 anterior tentorial pit). 29. Right mandible, ventral view. 30. Antenna, maximum lateral profile. Scale refers to figure 27.

Figs. 1–9. Dufourea holocyanea. 1. Entire postdefecating larva, lateral view. 2. Predefecating larva, lateral view. 3. Head, frontal view. 4. Head, lateral view. 5. Spiracle, side view. 6. Antenna, maximum lateral profile. 7–9 in Immatures of Rophitine Bees, with Notes on their Nesting Biology (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Figs. 1–9. Dufourea holocyanea. 1. Entire postdefecating larva, lateral view. 2. Predefecating larva, lateral view. 3. Head, frontal view. 4. Head, lateral view. 5. Spiracle, side view. 6. Antenna, maximum lateral profile. 7–9. Right mandible, dorsal, inner, and ventral views, respectively. Scale refers to figs. 1, 2.