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Fig. 2 in A new species of Orientatractis (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea: Atractidae) parasite of Yellow-Spotted Amazon River Turtle, Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848 (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in Brazilian Amazon

Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Orientatractis matosi n. sp. (A) Cephalic extremity, apical view (amphidial pores, arrowheads). (B) Anterior extremity of body, lateral view, lines indicate deirid and excretory pore. (C) Posterior extremity of female, ventrolateral view, lines indicate vulva and anus. (D) Posterior extremity of male, ventrolateral, distribution of caudal papillae (arrows) and phasmids (arrowheads). Abbreviations: anus, An; deirid, De; excretory pore, Ep; vulva, Vu; single large submedian spine, a; submedian pointed spines, b. Inset: Cephalic end details, ventrolateral view (Scale-bar: 5 μm), Detail of excretory pore (Scale-bar: 5 μm).

Fig. 5 in Ophiotaenia karipuna n. sp. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidae), a parasite of Erythrolamprus miliaris (Linnaeus, 1758), with redescription of Ophiotaenia arandasi (Santos and Rolas, 1973) from the Brazilian Amazon

Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs of Ophiotaenia karipuna n. sp. A, subapical view of the scolex (arrows indicate apical organ). B, scolex latero–ventral view. C, detail of the apex of scolex (arrows indicate apical organ). D, tegument surface on the upper edge of the sucker. E, tegument surface of luminal region of suckers. F, tegument surface between suckers and neck. Scale–bars: A, B, 100 μm; C, E, 5 μm; D, 10 μm; F, 30 μm.

Figura 1 in Ophiotaenia karipuna n. sp. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidae), a parasite of Erythrolamprus miliaris (Linnaeus, 1758), with redescription of Ophiotaenia arandasi (Santos and Rolas, 1973) from the Brazilian Amazon

Figura 1. Line drawings of Ophiotaenia arandasi. A, scolex, frontal view. B, mature proglottid. C, gravid proglottid. D, terminal genitalia, ventro–dorsal. E, fully formed egg with fully developed embryonic hooks in the oncosphere. F–G, sections at the level of the cirrus–sac and the ovary, respectively. Scale–bars: A, C 200 μm; B 100 μm; D 100 μm; E 25 μm; F, G 100 μm.

Fig. 4 in Ophiotaenia karipuna n. sp. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidae), a parasite of Erythrolamprus miliaris (Linnaeus, 1758), with redescription of Ophiotaenia arandasi (Santos and Rolas, 1973) from the Brazilian Amazon

Fig. 4. Line drawings of Ophiotaenia karipuna n. sp. from Brazilian Amazon. A, section at the level of cirrus–sac. B, section at level of testes. C, section at level of ovary. D, terminal genitalia, ventro–dorsal. E, fully formed egg with fully developed embryonic hooks in the oncosphere. Scale–bars: A, B, C, D, 50 μm; E, 25 μm.

Fig. 3 in Ophiotaenia karipuna n. sp. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidae), a parasite of Erythrolamprus miliaris (Linnaeus, 1758), with redescription of Ophiotaenia arandasi (Santos and Rolas, 1973) from the Brazilian Amazon

Fig. 3. Line drawings of Ophiotaenia karipuna n. sp. from Brazilian Amazon. A, scolex, frontal view. B, mature proglottid, ventral view. C, gravid proglottid, ventro–dorsal view. Scale–bars: A, B, C, 200 μm. Abbreviations: Apical organ, AO.

Figura 2 in Ophiotaenia karipuna n. sp. (Eucestoda: Proteocephalidae), a parasite of Erythrolamprus miliaris (Linnaeus, 1758), with redescription of Ophiotaenia arandasi (Santos and Rolas, 1973) from the Brazilian Amazon

Figura 2. Scanning electron micrographs of Ophiotaenia arandasi. A, dorso-ventral view of the scolex. B, sub-lateral view of the scolex. C, microtriches at the apex of the scolex. D, luminal surface of the sucker. E, upper surface of the neck. F, posterior surface of the neck. Scale–bars: A 100 μm; B 50 μm; C, E 5 μm; F 10 μm.

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FIGURE 3 in Diversity of Loricariidae (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) assemblages in two Conservation Areas of the Middle Xingu River, Brazilian Amazon, and their suitability for sustainable ornamental fisheries

FIGURE 3 | Principal component analysis (PCA) for composition of ornamental fish species based on the method of capture (Hellinger transformation), considering the two extractive reserves.

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FIGURE 4 in Diversity of Loricariidae (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) assemblages in two Conservation Areas of the Middle Xingu River, Brazilian Amazon, and their suitability for sustainable ornamental fisheries

FIGURE 4 | Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of fish composition in the drainages of both the Xingu and Iriri River RESEXes (Hellinger transformation). Only species names that made greatest contributions to compositional differences are shown.

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FIGURE 2 in Diversity of Loricariidae (Actinopterygii: Siluriformes) assemblages in two Conservation Areas of the Middle Xingu River, Brazilian Amazon, and their suitability for sustainable ornamental fisheries

FIGURE 2 | Venn diagram showing the compositions of the Loricariidae species found in both extractive reserves.

FIGURE 12 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 12 | Map showing the type locality of Corydoras colossus (orange star), the rio Jutaí close to its outfall into the rio Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil.

FIGURE 10 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 10 | Variations in color pattern in life of Corydoras colossus in lateral view, showing the general color pattern in life of the holotype (A); MNRJ 54421, 44.5 mm SL), a paratype with a paler pattern (B); not labelled as photographed after preservation, catalog number untraceable), and of an uncatalogued aquarium specimen (not measured) with a darker pattern (C). Photos by Steven Grant.

FIGURE 9 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 9 | Coalescent platelets on ventral surface of trunk in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL), forming the typical mosaic-like pattern. Area in detail outlined (dotted line) in black in the miniature photo of the holotype (MNRJ 54421, 44.5 mm SL) in ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 8 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 8 | General morphology of caudal skeleton in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 43.1 mm SL), showing the small cartilage (outlined in red) between upper principal and procurrent caudal-fin rays. Abbreviations: ccc: compound caudal centrum, cfr: caudal-fin principal rays, dpcr: dorsal procurrent rays, epu: epural, has: haemal spine, hyp 1–5: hypurals 1 to 5, nes: neural spine, par: parhypural, pu 2–4: preural centra 2 to 4, un: uroneural, vpcr: ventral procurrent rays. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish's body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 7 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 7 | Pelvic girdle in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 43.1 mm SL). Abbreviations: bp: basipterygium, pae: anterior external process, pai: anterior internal process, pi: dorsal ischiac process. Pelvic girdle position shown in red in the miniature photo of the holotype (MNRJ 54421, 44.5 mm SL) in ventral view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 6 | General color pattern in life of an uncatalogued aquarium specimen in dorsal view (A), showing its predorsal region in detail (B); general color pattern of anterior portion of body of another uncatalogued aquarium specimen, showing its head and anterior portion of trunk in lateral view (C) and the detail of the axillary region in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL), which is indicated by the grey arrow. Red arrows in (B) indicate that the extremities of the V-shaped iridescent patch, which seem to point towards the origin of each dorsal and pectoral spines in dorsal view; similarly, the white arrows in (C) indicates the roughly arched iridescent area from pectoral-fin origin to dorsal-fin origin in lateral view. Red arrow in (C) indicates the iridescent patch on lateral portion of cleithrum, above axillary gland region, which is located just dorsally to axillary gland opening (indicated by the grey arrow base). Yellow arrow indicates the axillary gland opening, and the transparent white area represents the soft tissue covering the axillary region in non c&s specimens. Abbreviations: cl: cleithrum, pfs: pectoral-fin spine, sco: scapulocoracoid. Scale bar = 1 mm. Photos A and B by Wei-Chieh Tseng, photo C by Daniel Konn-Vetterlein.

FIGURE 4 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 4 | Infraorbital series in lateral view (A), region of orbit in dorsal view (B), and suspensorium plus operculum in lateral view of a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL). Abbreviations: aa: angulo-articular, d: dentary, f: frontal, hym: hyomandibula, io1–2: infraorbital 1 and 2, iop: interopercle, mp: metapterygoid, op: opercle, pop: preopercle, prh: posterodorsal ridge of hyomandibula, q: quadrate, sph: sphenotic. Yellow arrows indicate the inner laminar expansion of both infraorbitals. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish's body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 3 | Top of head and predorsal region of trunk of a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL) in dorsal view. Abbreviations: f: frontal, n: nasal, np: nuchal plate, pes: pteroticextrascapular, pso: parieto-supraoccipital, sph: sphenotic. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish's body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 1 | Corydoras colossus, holotype, MNRJ 54421, 44.5 mm SL, Jutaí, Amazonas, Brazil, rio Jutaí, reportedly near confluence with rio Solimões, rio Amazonas basin.

FIGURE 5 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 5 | Lateral view of (A) the dorsal-fin spine and dorsal view of (B) the left pectoral-fin spine in a c&s paratype of Corydoras colossus (CITL 928, 48.4 mm SL), showing their serration patterns. Area where the illustrated bones are located in fish's body marked in red in the miniature drawing of the new species. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 11 in A new color-changing species of Corydoras (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from the rio Jutaí, Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 11 | Breeding pair (A), female on the left and male on the right, plus an ontogenetic series of Corydoras colossus (bred under aquarium conditions) showing general changes in external morphology and color pattern in specimens with (B) 9.0 mm TL, (C) 13.0 mm TL; (D) 17.0 mm TL, and (E) 22.0 mm TL. Photos by Hans Evers.