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753 results for “Brazilian Atlantic forest”
FIGURE 2 in Machima itatiaia sp. nov.: a new species of lichen-mimic katydid (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 2. Machima itatiaia sp. nov. (A-B) stridulatory files of tegmina; (A) right tegmen; (B) left tegmen. (C-E) male terminalia. (C) left cercus, in dorsal view; (D) left cercus, in lateral view; (E) subgenital plate, in ventral view. Scale: 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Machima itatiaia sp. nov.: a new species of lichen-mimic katydid (Orthoptera Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
FIGURE 1. Machima itatiaia sp. nov. male. (A) lateral habitus; (B) details of head and thorax, in lateral view; (C) head and thorax, in dorsal view; (D) head, in frontal view. Scale: 10 mm.
Data from: Humidity levels drive reproductive modes and phylogenetic diversity of amphibians in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
AIM: The diversity of reproductive modes among amphibians provides a striking example of how differences in the biology of species furnish can provide important explanations for species distribution patterns on a broad scale. We hypothesized that sites with a higher humidity level will support more different modes of reproduction than drier sites and will consequently exhibit a higher phylogenetic diversity. Furthermore, we predict that if there is a gradient in the tolerance of reproductive modes to desiccation, there will be a nested pattern in the composition of reproductive modes among sites. LOCATION: Twenty-seven forest sites in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. METHODS: Through a path analysis approach, we evaluated the direct and indirect effects of the humidity level on the number of reproductive modes as well as the relative importance of both variables on amphibian phylogenetic diversity. A nestedness analysis was used to quantify the extent to which the composition of both species and reproductive modes in drier sites correspond to non-random subsets of those in sites with higher annual precipitation. RESULTS: We found that the reproductive modes present in drier sites are non-random subsets of those present in sites with higher humidity levels. Because reproductive modes are phylogenetically conserved among amphibians, sites with a greater number of reproductive modes supported greater phylogenetic diversity. Sites with high precipitation throughout the year provided adequate environmental conditions for a larger number of reproductive modes, whereas sites with low precipitation and typical seasonal climates supported only those reproductive modes specialized to resist desiccation. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that humidity-related variables are key environmental factors related to both the richness of reproductive modes and phylogenetic diversity. We hypothesized that the higher phylogenetic diversity found in moister sites reflects differences in the tolerance to desiccation among different reproductive modes. Given that reproductive modes are associated with susceptibility to desiccation, their incorporation into explanatory models may trigger a great advance in the understanding of the mechanisms regulating the species richness and composition of amphibian communities.
Data from: Phylogeography of ants from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Known for its remarkable biodiversity and high levels of endemism, the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest has been characterized as one of the most threatened biomes on the planet. Despite strong interest in recent years, we still lack a comprehensive scenario to explain the origin and maintenance of diversity in this region, partially given the relatively low power of analyses involving few independent genetic loci. In this study, we examine a phylogenomic dataset of five ant species to investigate phylogeographical patterns across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We sequenced ultraconserved elements to generate hundreds of loci using a bait set developed specifically for hymenopterans. We analyzed the data using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches of phylogenetic inference. Results were then integrated with environmental niche modeling of current and past climates, including the Last Glacial Maximum and the last interglacial period. The studied species showed differentiation patterns that were consistent with the north/south division of the Atlantic Rainforest indicated in previous studies for other taxa. However, there were differences among species, both in the location of phylogeographic breaks and in the pattern of genetic variation within these areas. Samples from southern localities tended to show recent genetic structure, although a site in Tapiraí (state of São Paulo) repeatedly showed an intriguing older history of differentiation. All species experienced shifts in areas of suitability through the time. Our study suggests that distinct groups may have responded idiosyncratically to the climatic changes that took place in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. The amount of intraspecific genetic structure was related to the inferred geographical distribution of habitat suitability according to current and past times. Also, a parallel between the amount of Quaternary climatic suitability and the level of interspecific differentiation was detected for four species. Finally, despite strong contractions at the northeastern region of the forest, the remaining areas appear to have been able to act as refugia.
Data from: Matrix type and landscape attributes modulate avian taxonomic and functional spillover across habitat boundaries in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Land use intensification drives biodiversity loss worldwide. In heterogeneous landscape mosaics, both overall forest area and anthropogenic matrix structure induce changes in biological communities in primary habitat remnants. However, community changes via cross-habitat spillover processes along forest-matrix interfaces remain poorly understood. Moreover, information on how landscape attributes affect spillover processes across habitat boundaries are embryonic. Here, we quantify avian and β-diversity (as proxies of spillover rates) across two dominant types of forest-matrix interfaces (forest-pasture and forest-eucalyptus plantation) within the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot in southeast Brazil. We also assess the effects of anthropogenic matrix type and landscape attributes (forest cover, edge density and land-use diversity) on bird taxonomic and functional β-diversity across forest-matrix boundaries. Alpha taxonomic richness was higher in forest edges than within both matrix types, but between matrix types, it was higher in pastures than in eucalyptus plantations. Although significantly higher in forests edges than in the adjacent eucalyptus, bird functional richness did not differ between forest edges and adjacent pastures. Community changes (β-diversity) related to species and functional replacements (turnover component) were higher across forest-pasture boundaries, whereas changes related to species and functional loss (nested component) were higher across forest-eucalyptus boundaries. Forest edges adjacent to eucalyptus had significant higher species and functional replacements than forest edges adjacent to pastures. Forest cover negatively influenced functional β-diversity across both forest-pasture and forest-eucalyptus interfaces. We show the importance of matrix type and the structure of surrounding landscapes (mainly forest cover) on rates of bird assemblage spillover across forest-matrix boundaries, which has profound implications to biological fluxes, ecosystem functioning and land-use management in human-modified landscapes.
Data from: Fine litterfall in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Litterfall is an essential component of tropical forest productivity, transferring nutrients from the vegetation back to soils. Here, we summarize the data from 105 estimates of fine litterfall production from 45 sites in the Atlantic Forest domain, including two types of forests, evergreen and seasonal, and two successional stages, secondary and old growth. The overall litterfall average was 8.0 ± 2.5 Mg/ha. Litterfall was significantly in higher seasonal forests than in evergreen forests and in old growth versus secondary forests. Leaves were the major component of litterfall, contributing 68 percent to the total. The second most important component was branches, contributing 22 percent, followed by reproductive organs (flowers and fruits), at 6 percent. Accurate measurements of tropical forest productivity are crucial for estimating their role in sequestering atmospheric carbon, and we suggest some ways to standardize litterfall sampling to obtain better estimates.
Data from: Tovomita (Clusiaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: taxonomy and utility of leaf venation characters at the species level
Tovomita comprises approximately 50 species that are mainly distributed in moist forests of the Neotropics. In Brazil there are 34 species, which occur in the Amazon region and along the Atlantic coast. We here describe and illustrate the Tovomita species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, as well as characterize the leaf morphology of these taxa. Leaves were cleared and their venation was analyzed to look for diagnostic characters related to architecture and the relationship between the secondary and intersecondary veins. Eleven species of Tovomita were recorded, which have distributions ranging from the state of Rio Grande do Norte to the state of Rio de Janeiro. An identification key, based on the analysis, and distribution maps are provided. Tovomita salimenae, a new and vulnerable species endemic to the state of Minas Gerais, is described and two synonyms and nine lectotypifications are proposed. This work also revealed that seven species have larger distributions than previously thought and two species are critically endangered (T. iaspidis and T. megantha). The most relevant characters used to identify the studied species were exudate color, venation pattern, and bud shape.
Data from: Cryptic genetic diversity is paramount in small-bodied amphibians of the genus Euparkerella (Anura: Craugastoridae) endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Morphological similarity associated to restricted distributions and low dispersal abilities make the direct developing "Terrarana" frogs of the genus Euparkerella a good model for examining diversification processes. We here infer phylogenetic relationships within the genus Euparkerella, using DNA sequence data from one mitochondrial and four nuclear genes coupled with traditional Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction approaches and more recent coalescent methods of species tree inference. We also used Bayesian clustering analysis and a recent Bayesian coalescent-based approach specifically to infer species delimitation. The analysis of 39 individuals from the four known Euparkerella species uncovered high levels of genetic diversity, especially within the two previously morphologically-defined E. cochranae and E. brasiliensis. Within these species, the gene trees at five independent loci and trees from combined data (concatenated dataset and the species tree) uncovered six deeply diverged and geographically coherent evolutionary units, which may have diverged between the Miocene and the Pleistocene. These six units were also uncovered in the Bayesian clustering analysis, and supported by the Bayesian coalescent-based species delimitation (BPP), and Genealogical Sorting Index (GSI), providing thus strong evidence for underestimation of the current levels of diversity within Euparkerella. The cryptic diversity now uncovered opens new opportunities to examine the origins and maintenance of microendemism in the context of spatial heterogeneity and/or human induced fragmentation of the highly threatened Brazilian Atlantic forest hotspot.
FIGURE 13 in A new stingless bee species of the genus Scaura (Hymenoptera, Apidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest, with notes on S. latitarsis (Friese)
FIGURE 13. Map of South America showing the known locality records for Scaura latitarsis (solid triangles) and S. atlantica, sp. nov. (solid circles), in Brazil.
FIGURE 3 in Izecksohniella puri sp. n., a new Brazilian cricket species (Ortho ptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from Atlantic Forest remnants
FIGURE 3. Izecksohniella puri sp. n. A. adult antenna; B. femur III, external view; C. male subgenital plate; D. female subgenital plate; E. supraanal plate, F. spermatheca; G. male genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bar: 2mm (A, G), 10mm (B).
FIGURE 4 in Description of a new species of Lutosa Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Lutosinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with biological and behavioral information
FIGURE 4. Lutosa horribilis sp. nov. alive specimens. A) male in dorsolateral view; B) female in lateral view.
FIGURE 5 in Description of a new species of Lutosa Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Lutosinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with biological and behavioral information
FIGURE 5. Lutosa horribilis sp. nov. live specimens. A) male nymph foraging on a leaf; B) male adult eating a dead stick insect.
FIGURE 3 in Description of a new species of Lutosa Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Lutosinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with biological and behavioral information
FIGURE 3. Lutosa horribilis sp. nov. paratype ♀. A) habitus in dorsal view; B) same in lateral view; C) apex of abdomen in posterodorsal view; D) same in ventral view; E) same in lateral view.
FIGURE 2 in Description of a new species of Lutosa Walker, 1869 (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae: Lutosinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, with biological and behavioral information
FIGURE 2. Genitalia of Lutosa horribilis sp. nov. Ƌ. A) dorsal view; B) ventral view; C) lateral view. Abbreviations: LS = lateral sclerite of titillator, ti = titillator process, TS = titillator's sclerite.
FIGURE 8 in A new species of Metavononoides from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cosmetidae)
FIGURE 8. Part of southeastern Brazil, including Rio de Janeiro State (RJ) and Minas Gerais State (MG), showing distribution of M. melanacanthus sp. nov. (large squares), M. bellus (small triangles) and M. barbacenensis (small circle). Thin dotted lines are water bodies.
FIGURES 6–7 in A new species of Metavononoides from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cosmetidae)
FIGURES 6–7. Metavononoides melanacanthus sp. nov. Male holotype (MNRJ 6853) from Barra de São João. Distal part of penis (6 ventral view, 7 lateral view). Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 4–5 in A new species of Metavononoides from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cosmetidae)
FIGURES 4–5. Metavononoides melanacanthus sp. nov. Male holotype (MNRJ 6853) from Barra de São João. Tarsi of anterior legs, lateral view (4 leg I, 5 leg II). Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURES 1–3 in A new species of Metavononoides from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cosmetidae)
FIGURES 1–3. Metavononoides melanacanthus sp. nov. Male holotype (1–2) and male paratype (3) (MNRJ 6853) from Barra de São João: 1 habitus, dorsal view, 2 same, ventral view, 3 lateral view. Scale bars = 1 mm.
FIGURES 27–31 in Description of two leafminer larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest
FIGURES 27–31. Octuroplata walkeri (Baly, 1865). Larva: 27, head (ventral); 28, 29, mandible (ventral, dorsal); 30, apex of maxilla and labium (dorsal), 31, maxilla and labium (ventral). Bars = 0.5 mm.
FIGURES 22–26 in Description of two leafminer larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic forest
FIGURES 22–26 Octuroplata walkeri (Baly, 1865). Larva: 22, head (dorsal); 23, clypeus and labrum; 24, epipharynx; 25, 26, antenna (dorsal, ventral). Bars = 0.5 mm, except fig. 22, 2.0 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.