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Fig. 3 in Camenellan tommotiids from the Cambrian Series 2 of East Antarctica: Biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography, and systematics

Fig. 3. Palaeobiogeographic maps of the distribution of Dailyatia and other camenellan tommotiids from East Gondwana (dark grey). New occurrences described in this paper in bold. Maps show the Cambrian (A) Terreneuvian Series to basal Series 2, Stage 3 (i.e., upper range of the Micrina etheridgei Zone for South Australia, Betts et al. 2016, 2017) and (B) Series 2 (from the base of the Dailyatia odyssei Zone for South Australia, Betts et al. 2016, 2017). Data for previous occurrences: 1 Laurie 1986; 2 Skovsted et al. 2015; 3 Betts et al. 2016; 4 Betts et al. 2017; 5 Betts et al. 2019; 6 Evans and Rowell 1990; 7 Wrona 2004. Abbreviations: CTM, Central Transantarctic Mountains; KGI, King George Island; AR, Argentina Range. Map adapted from Torsvik and Cocks (2013) and Yang et al. (2015).

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Fig. 9. The camenellan tommotiid from the Cambrian Series 2, Stages 3, 4 in Camenellan tommotiids from the Cambrian Series 2 of East Antarctica: Biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography, and systematics

Fig. 9. The camenellan tommotiid from the Cambrian Series 2, Stages 3, 4, Shackleton Limestone, Transantarctic Mountains, East Antarctica. Dailyatia sp. 1, C sclerites and indeterminate fragments, Holyoake Range and Churchill Mountains (A–G) and Dailyatia braddocki Evans and Rowell, 1990, Churchill Mountains (H, I). A. Dextral C sclerite, NRM X10013, apical view (A1), dorsal field (A2), proximal edge (A4), distal edge (A3), ventral field ( A5), detail showing broken apex (A6). B. Dextral C sclerite, NRM X10014, oblique view of distal edge and dorsal field (B1), oblique view of proximal edge and ventral field (B2), and apical view (B3). C. Sinistral C sclerite, NRM X10015, apical view (C1), oblique view of proximal edge and dorsal →

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Fig. 6 in Camenellan tommotiids from the Cambrian Series 2 of East Antarctica: Biostratigraphy, palaeobiogeography, and systematics

Fig. 6. The camenellan tommotiid Dailyatia icari sp. nov. C2 sclerites from the lower Cambrian Schneider Hills limestone, Schneider Hills, Argentina Range, East Antarctica. A. KUMIP 585068, apical (A1), oblique lateral (A2), ventral (A3), lateral (A4), and dorsal (A5) views, detail of pustulose ornament on the central surface of A1 (A6). B. KUMIP 585069, apical (B1), lateral (B2), and ventral (B3) views. C. KUMIP 585070, apical (C1), lateral-dorsal (C2), ventral (C3), lateral (C4), and dorsal (C5) views. Scale bars 200 µm, except A6, 100 µm.

Fig. 7 in The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota of South China

Fig. 7. Tamisiocarididae indet. from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Biota, Lihuazhuang section, Yunnan, China. YKLP 12419, a partial frontal appendage. Counterpart (A1, A2), part (A3, A4). Photographs (A1, A3) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4). Abbreviations: aux, auxiliary spine; en, endite; pd, podomere.

Fig. 3 in The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota of South China

Fig. 3. Amplectobeluid radiodont "Anomalocaris" kunmingensis Wang, Huang, and Hu, 2013, from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Biota, Lihuazhuang section, Yunnan, China. YKLP 12414, details of left frontal appendage (A1, A2), details of oral cone (A3, A4). Photographs (A1, A3) and explanatory drawing (A2, A4). Abbreviations: co, central opening; ds, dorsal spine; en, endite; lp?, putative left large plate; pd, podomere; pp? putative posterior plate; rp, right large plate; s?, shaft podomere; sp, small plate. Numbers indicate individual small plates between posterior and left plates.

Fig. 6 in The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota of South China

Fig. 6. Anomalocaridid radiodont Paranomalocaris simplex sp. nov. from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Biota, Lihuazhuang section, Yunnan, China. A. YKLP 12417, a near complete frontal appendage. B. YKLP 12418, distal portion of a frontal appendage. Photographs (A1, B1) and explanatory drawings (A2, B2). Abbreviations: c, circular attachment point for dorsal spine; ds, dorsal spine; en, endite; pd, podomere; ts, terminal spine.

Fig. 2 in The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota of South China

Fig. 2. Amplectobeluid radiodont "Anomalocaris" kunmingensis Wang, Huang, and Hu, 2013, from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Biota, Lihuazhuang section, Yunnan, China. YKLP 12414, a pair of frontal appendages and associated oral cone. Abbreviations: la, left appendage; oc, oral cone; om, organic matter; ra, right appendage; w, ecdysozoan worm.

Fig. 4 in The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota of South China

Fig. 4. Amplectobeluid radiodont "Anomalocaris" kunmingensis Wang, Huang, and Hu, 2013, from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Biota, Lihuazhuang section, Yunnan, China. YKLP 12415, a partial frontal appendage. Photograph (A1) and explanatory drawing (A2). Abbreviations: aux, auxiliary spine; ds, dorsal spine; en, endite; pd, podomere; ts, terminal spine.

Fig. 1. A in The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota of South China

Fig. 1. A. Map of China showing location of the studied area. B. Map showing thirteen sites where fossil assemblages assigned to the Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan biota have been found: 1, Dahai (Liu et al. 2012); 2, Shijiangjun (Luo et al. 2008); 3, Xinlongcun (Liu et al. 2016); 4, Wulongqing (Luo et al. 2008); 5, Kanfuqing (Chen et al. 2019); 6, Baimei (Liu et al. 2016); 7, Qiongzhusi (Luo et al. 2008); 9, Dabanqiao (Luo et al. 2008); 10, Changchunshan (Zhao et al. 2020); 11, Gaoloufang (Luo et al. 2008; Hu et al. 2010); 12, Chenggongxincheng (Hu et al. 2013); 13, Lihuazhuang (Jiao et al. 2016; this study). C. The location of the Lihuazhuang section in (asterisk). D. Stratigraphic column showing the occurrence of the fossils reported in this study.

Fig. 7 in First palaeoscolecid from the Cambrian (Drumian, Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of western Utah, USA

Fig. 7. Palaeogeographic distribution of Cambrian palaeoscolecids in Laurentia. For each occurrence, the numbers in parentheses refer to the number of palaeoscolecid specimens known (left) and the number of species they represent (right). The Rosella Formation Lagerstätte is positioned between the Lagerstätten of the American Great Basin and those of the Canadian Rockies, because the Cassiar terrane was located near present-day Idaho in the Cambrian, and subsequently migrated more than 2000 km to the North (Pope and Sears 1997). Abbreviations: Fm., Formation; Sh., Shale. Background map adapted from Cocks and Torsvik (2011).

Fig. 5 in First palaeoscolecid from the Cambrian (Drumian, Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of western Utah, USA

Fig. 5. Scleritome of the palaeoscolecid Arrakiscolex aasei gen et sp. nov. from the Drumian, Cambrian Marjum Formation in the House Range of Utah, USA (Grey Marjum locality). A. SEM micrographs of paratype (KUMIP 314101). A1, dense and homogeneous distribution of the plates on the surfaces of annuli; A2, interannular region showing alternation between plate-free areas and plate-covered areas ("columns"; arrowheads). B. SEM micrographs of holotype (KUMIP 314100). B1, homogeneous distribution of the plates; B2, single plate, showing the swollen inner region surrounded by a raised marginal rim.

Fig. 3 in First palaeoscolecid from the Cambrian (Drumian, Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of western Utah, USA

Fig. 3. SEM micrograph and SEM-EDS elemental maps of the posterior region of KUMIP 204770 (Ottoia? sp.), from the Drumian, Cambrian Marjum Formation in the House Range of Utah, USA (Sponge Gully locality). A1, SEM micrograph of the analyzed area (posterior trunk region); A2–A6, SEM-EDS elemental maps of P, Ca, C, Fe, and Mg, respectively.

Fig. 4 in First palaeoscolecid from the Cambrian (Drumian, Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of western Utah, USA

Fig. 4. Palaeoscolecid Arrakiscolex aasei gen et sp. nov. from the Drumian, Cambrian Marjum Formation in the House Range of Utah, USA (Grey Marjum locality). A. Holotype (KUMIP 314100). A1, general view of counterpart with location of close-up; A2, detailed view of trunk annulation; A3, general view of part. B. Paratype (KUMIP 314101), general view, showing trunk annulation and location of SEM micrograph in Fig. 5A1 (dashed line rectangle, arrowheads point to the limits of poorly preserved part of the fossil).

Fig. 2 in First palaeoscolecid from the Cambrian (Drumian, Miaolingian) Marjum Formation of western Utah, USA

Fig. 2. Ottoid scalidophoran Ottoia? sp. (KUMIP 204770) from the Drumian, Cambrian Marjum Formation in the House Range of Utah, USA (Sponge Gully locality). A1, general view showing body orientation and location of close-ups; A2, detailed view of anterior region, showing the partially everted introvert and digestive tract; A3, detailed view of posterior region, showing location of possible bases of caudal hooks; A4, SEM micrograph showing trunk annulation, arrowheads point to fossil margins; A5, SEM micrograph of anterior region, showing introvert and a few introvert hooks, arrowheads point to fossil margins; A6, SEM micrograph of introvert hooks.

Fig. 14. A in Morphology and relationships of the enigmatic stenothecoid pan-brachiopod Stenothecoides-new data from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Formation

Fig. 14. A. Hypothesized morphogenetic pathway for derivation of the bivalved stenothecoid scleritome from a multisclerite, tubular, organocalcitic, eccentrothecimorph ancestor via a hypothetical organocalcitic tannuolinid. Eccentrothecimorph slightly modified from Skovsted et al. (2011: text-fig. 17). Tannuolinid modified from Skovsted et al. (2014). B. A possible cladogram that assumes an organocalcitic scleritome is primitive for the Pan-Brachiopoda. In this view, organophosphatic mineralogy evolved independently several times and the Stenothecoida evolved a bivalved scleritome independently of the Brachiopoda + Micrina clade.

Fig. 7 in Morphology and relationships of the enigmatic stenothecoid pan-brachiopod Stenothecoides-new data from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Formation

Fig. 7. SEM micrographs of stenothecoid pan-brachiopod Stenothecoides cf. elongata, middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale Formation, Kootenay National Park, Canada, Locality 3. A. ROMIP 66248, articulated shell in right lateral view. B. ROMIP 66249, articulated shell in left lateral (B1) and posterior (B2)

Fig. 5 in Morphology and relationships of the enigmatic stenothecoid pan-brachiopod Stenothecoides-new data from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Formation

Fig. 5. Stenothecoid pan-brachiopod Stenothecoides rasettii sp. nov., middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale Formation, Yoho National Park, Canada, Locality 2 (A, G) and Locality 1 (B–F, H–J). A. TMP 2002.083.0178, dorsal valve in interior (A1), exterior (A2), right lateral (A3), and posterior (A4) views. B. TMP 2008.024.1138, ventral valve in interior view. C. TMP 2008.024.1133, dorsal valve in interior view, arrows show possible bifurcated peripheral ridges. D. TMP 2008.024.1143, dorsal valve in interior (D1) and anterior oblique (D2) views. E. TMP 2008.024.1144, dorsal valve in interior (E1) and anterior (E2) views. F. TMP 2008.024.1134, ventral valve, interior view. G. TMP 2002.083.0177 (same specimen as Fig. 4B), ventral valve in interior (G1, magnified) and oblique (G2) views. H. TMP 2008.024.1135, dorsal valve in interior view. I. TMP 2008.024.1121, ventral valve, anterior view. J. TMP 2008.024.1136, ventral valve in interior view, showing detached apical boss and remnant apical stem and cardinal troughs.

Fig. 4 in Morphology and relationships of the enigmatic stenothecoid pan-brachiopod Stenothecoides-new data from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Formation

Fig. 4. Stenothecoid pan-brachiopod Stenothecoides rasettii sp. nov., middle Cambrian, Burgess Shale Formation, Yoho National Park, Canada, Locality 2 A, B, D) and Locality 1 (C, D). A. TMP 2002.083.0176 (holotype), dorsal valve in exterior (A1) and interior (A2) views. B. TMP 2002.083.0177, ventral valve in exterior view. C. TMP 2008.024.1147, dorsal valve, internal apical area. D. TMP 2008.024.1122, articulated juvenile, dorsal/ventral (uncertain) valve in posterior (D1), lateral (D2), and oblique planar (D3) views; D1 and D3 show posterior median opening, D2 shows slightly sinusoidal commissure.

Fig. 3 in Morphology and relationships of the enigmatic stenothecoid pan-brachiopod Stenothecoides-new data from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Formation

Fig. 3. Orientation, measurements, and ridge zones in Stenothecoides rasettii sp. nov. A. Ventral valve, exterior, showing orientation for measurements. B. Ventral valve, interior, showing peripheral and axial ridge zones, and approximated body cavity. Abbreviations: ax, auricular axis; az, axial ridge zone; bc, body cavity; L, valve length; ll, left lobe; lx, lobe axis; pz, peripheral ridge zone; rl, right lobe; vx, valve axis; W, valve width.

Fig. 2 in Morphology and relationships of the enigmatic stenothecoid pan-brachiopod Stenothecoides-new data from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale Formation

Fig. 2. Stratigraphic and geographic distribution of sample localities. A. Stratigraphic position of localities 1–3 indicated with stars. Thicknesses of units at Fossil Ridge/Mount Field from Fletcher and Collins (1998) and Mount Stephen northwest shoulder from Christopher J. Collom and PAJ (unpublished data); stratigraphic units after Collom et al. (2009), Odaray Mountain section from Streng et al. (2016). Helcionellid icons show known silicified assemblages. B. Geographic distribution of localities 1–3 relative to the Cathedral escarpment. C. Known stratigraphic distribution of stenothecoids in British Columbia, Utah, and Nevada. Stratigraphy modified from Johnston et al. (2009a). D. General location of study area in western Canada. Abbreviations: CC, Campsite Cliff Shale Member; Fm., Formation; KH, Kicking Horse Shale Member; Loc, Locality; MF, Monarch Formation; Mt., Mount or Mountain; S., Stenothecoides; WA, Wapta Member; WL, Wash Limestone Member; WQ, Walcott Quarry Shale Member; YR, Yoho River Limestone Member.