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Fig. 3. Late Carboniferous cnemidolestodean insect Aetophlebia singularis Scudder, 1885 from Mazon Creek, USA. Holotype specimen USNM 038147 in A new cnemidolestodean stem-orthopteran insect from the Late Carboniferous of China

Fig. 3. Late Carboniferous cnemidolestodean insect Aetophlebia singularis Scudder, 1885 from Mazon Creek, USA. Holotype specimen USNM 038147, drawing (A), asterisk indicates MP; and photograph (B), left forewing, positive imprint, flipped horizontally.

Fig. 2 in Two new Carboniferous fertile sphenophylls and their spores from the Czech Republic

Fig. 2. Carboniferous (Bolsovian) fertile sphenophyll Bowmanites brasensis sp. nov., NMP−E 6352, Matylda Mine, Břasy, Radnice Basin, Kladno Formation, Radnice Member. A. Stem with leaves divided twice and three times. B. Cone and stem. C. Monopodially branched stem with leaves. D. Detail of twice divided leaves. E. Monopodially branched stem with leaves arranged in verticils.

Fig. 1. A in Two new Carboniferous fertile sphenophylls and their spores from the Czech Republic

Fig. 1. A. Geological profile of the Radnice Basin. B. Sketech map of the Czech Republic. C. Position of the Radnice Basin among other basins of the central and western Bohemian continental basins of the Czech Republic. D. Sketech map of the Radnice Basin with localities mentioned in the text.

Fig. 6 in Two new Carboniferous fertile sphenophylls and their spores from the Czech Republic

Fig. 6. Carboniferous (Bolsovian) fertile sphenophyll Bowmanites pseudoaquensis sp. nov., NMP−E 6358, holotype, Ovčín opencast mine, Radnice Basin, Kladno Formation, Radnice Member. A. General view of the holotype showing sterile axis, leaves and several cones. B. Leaves on the central axis. C. Detail of the leaf tips. D. Leaves on the central axis. E. Terminal position of the cone.

Fig. 4 in Two new Carboniferous fertile sphenophylls and their spores from the Czech Republic

Fig. 4. Carboniferous (Bolsovian) fertile sphenophyll Bowmanites pseudoaquensis sp. nov., Ovčín opencast mine, Radnice Basin, Kladno Formation, Radnice Member. A. NMP−E 6123, general view of sterile stems with leaves arranged in verticils (A1); detail showing lanceolate leaves (A2); detail of nine lanceolate leaves arranged in verticils (A3). B. NMP−E 6124; cone with sterile apex (B1); detail of leafy stem (B2).

Fig. 5 in Two new Carboniferous fertile sphenophylls and their spores from the Czech Republic

Fig. 5. Carboniferous (Bolsovian) fertile sphenophyll Bowmanites pseudoaquensis sp. nov., NMP−E 6124, Ovčín opencast mine, Radnice Basin, Kladno Formation, Radnice Member (A, G) and their spores of of Punctatisporites obesus−type (B–F). A. Detail showing the position of sporangia. Note that one sporangium occurs per sporangiophore between the sterile bract and the axis of a cone. B, D. Spores of Punctatisporites obesus−type; distal surfaces, SEM micrographs. C, E, F. Spore of Punctatisporites obesus−type. Proximal views. Note finely scabrate sculpture on the proximal surface (E, F) and slightly developed labrum. G. Detail of sub−terminally located sporangium on shortened sporangiophore.

Fig. 3 in Two new Carboniferous fertile sphenophylls and their spores from the Czech Republic

Fig. 3. Carboniferous (Bolsovian) fertile sphenophyll Bowmanites brasensis sp. nov., WBMP−F 03760 Matylda Mine, Břasy, Radnice Basin, Kladno Formation, Radnice Member. A. General view of the cone. B. Detail showing the position of sporangia with in situ spores (arrows) on the sporangiophore. C. Detail of in situ spores (arrows) in sporangia. Note the length of the sporangiophore. D. Position of sporangia between sterile bracts and the axis of a cone. E. Central body of a spore of Punctatisporites obesus−type; lateral view. F, G. Central bodies of spores of Punctatisporites obesus−type. Note the trilete mark and labrum. H. Central body of a spore of Punctatisporites obesus−type; distal view. I. Spore with exospore assigned to the dispersed species Punctatisporites obesus (Loose) Potonié and Kremp, 1954; proximal view.

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Fig. 3. Unidentified sphenacodontids. A. Sphenacodontidae indet. 1 in The sphenacodontid synapsid Neosaurus cynodus, and related material, from the Permo-Carboniferous of France

Fig. 3. Unidentified sphenacodontids. A. Sphenacodontidae indet. 1, left dentary (MNHN.F.LOD213), from Saint-Julien, Sakmarian, in lateral view. B. Sphenacodontidae indet. 2, right dentary (UM 5902), from Le Capitoul, Sakmarian, in medial view. C, D. Sphenacodontidae indet. 3, right dentary (UM 5903), from Saint-Julien, Sakmarian, in lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Photographs (C1, D1), explanatory drawings (C2, D2).

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Fig. 2 in The sphenacodontid synapsid Neosaurus cynodus, and related material, from the Permo-Carboniferous of France

Fig. 2. Sphenacodontid synapsid Neosaurus cynodus (Gervais, 1869), holotype (HN004 2009-00-1), from Moissey, Late Gzhelian–Asselian. Schematic comparison between the structure preserved in bone and impression.

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Fig. 1 in The sphenacodontid synapsid Neosaurus cynodus, and related material, from the Permo-Carboniferous of France

Fig. 1. Sphenacodontid synapsid Neosaurus cynodus (Gervais, 1869), holotype, from Moissey, Late Gzhelian–Asselian. A. Left maxilla (HN004 2009- 00-1A) in lateral view. B. Corresponding impression (HN004 2009-00-1B) in lateral view. Drawings by Peggy Vincent.

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Fig. 2 in A new brittle star from the early Carboniferous of Poland and its implications on Paleozoic modern-type ophiuroid systematics

Fig. 2. Ophiurin brittle star Aganaster jagiellonicus sp. nov. from the upper Tournaisian to lower Visean (lower Carboniferous) Mazurowe Doły Formation, Rudawa Group of Czatkowice quarry, Dębnik Massif, southern Poland; MZUJ T/0282, holotype. A. General view of the specimen, exposing the ventral side (also illustrated by O'Hara et al. 2014). B. Oral skeleton. C. Detail of the oral skeleton; photograph (C1), interpretative drawing (C2). D. Detail of basal arm segments; photograph (D1), interpretative drawing (D2).

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Fig. 1 in A new brittle star from the early Carboniferous of Poland and its implications on Paleozoic modern-type ophiuroid systematics

Fig. 1. Geographical position of the investigated specimen (map after Salata 2013, with modifications).

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Fig. 3 in A new brittle star from the early Carboniferous of Poland and its implications on Paleozoic modern-type ophiuroid systematics

Fig. 3. Ophiurin brittle star Aganaster jagiellonicus sp. nov. from the upper Tournaisian to lower Visean (lower Carboniferous) Mazurowe Doły Formation, Rudawa Group of Czatkowice quarry, Dębnik Massif, southern Poland; MZUJ T/0282, holotype. Detail of ventral side (A); median arm segments, showing the transition from between-plate tentacle pores to within-plate tentacle pores (B); median arm segments in ventro-lateral view (C); proximal arm segments in dorso-lateral view (D).

Fig. 7 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 7. Sketches of the orthoconic nautiloid specimen BSPG 2011 0002 from the Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA illustrating the distribution and formation of cameral deposits. A. Thin section illustrating the bite marks on the dorsal (left) and ventral (right) sides of the conch, the pre− and post−attack cameral deposits, and the post−mortem deposits. The dorsal septum was partly cut off during sectioning. A1, photograph, A2, explanatory sketch drawing. B. Sketch drawing illustrating the distribution of the several mineralogies/materials (HMC, aragonite, siphuncle, hydrocarbons and sediment). C. Hypothetical precipitation of the cameral deposits. C1, C2 before, C3 at the time, and C4–C6 after the attack. For abbreviations and colours used see A. Note that the drawing is prepared from the thin section illustrated in A1 and thus, effects of the cut through the specimen also play a role in the distribution of deposits and the individual parts of the specimen. The interpretation of the precipitation is based on thin sections, serial sections and observation in SEM. Before the attack: C1, the two chambers of the specimen with layers 1 and 2 (black deposit) and an intact siphuncle; the "?" denotes the suggested trend of the deposit in this area; C2, layers 3 (cauliflower−like deposits) and 4 (light brown deposits) are deposited and in the siphuncle the first deposits (layer 5) are precipitated. The attack: C3, damage marks on both sides of the specimen; on the right (ventral) the mark penetrates the cameral deposits layer 1 to 4 (see Fig. 4A). After the attack: C4, deposition of the unusual dark brown cameral deposits (layer 6) in the orad chamber; further growth of the deposits in the orad siphuncle (note: whether these deposited had grown further same time as the dark brown deposits were precipitated cannot be stated without doubt); C5, precipitation of the latest deposits in the chambers (layer 7), mainly at the siphuncle (layer 7) and in the siphuncle (note: the deposits might have started growing in this stage, see also comment on C4). Post−mortem: C6, intrusion of hydrocarbons and sediment; precipitation of calcite cements and diagenesis.

Fig. 6 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 6. Thin sections of the orthoconic nautiloid specimen BSPG 2011 0002 from the Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA illustrating the whitish (layers 3 and 4) and dark brown deposits (layer 6). A. Layer 4 illustrating the alternation of lighter granular and darker fibrous layers. B. Cauliflower−like to semi−spherical dark brown deposits (layer 6) in the adoral chamber overlying the whitish deposits illustrating the abrupt change in cameral deposition. C. Adoral septum with early deposits, whitish deposits and the dark brown deposits. D. Layered dark brown deposits in the orad chamber. E. Whitish and dark brown deposits in the adoral chamber illustrating the abrupt change in deposition. F. Dark brown deposits showing the alternation of light mineral layers and darker more organic layers.

Fig. 4 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 4. Details of shell wall of the orthoconic nautiloid specimen BSPG 2011 0002 from the Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA. A. Venter showing the damage on the shell filled with sediment and proving that the damage extends through layer 1, thus opening the chamber for seawater, this establishes that alteration of the original cameral fluid was possible. B. Large spherical dark brownish deposits (layer 6; that the deposit directly above the bite mark appears whitish is an effect of the imaging technique; compare with thin section in Fig. 7A1). C. Siphuncular and cameral deposits in the adapical chamber; siphuncular deposits are best preserved at the adoral end of the chamber inside the connecting ring and adjacent to the ventral side of the septal neck. D. Fragmented siphuncle in the apical chamber with late post−mortem cement filling. Within the connecting ring there are blocky cements, hydrocarbons and some sediment, on the outside outer surface of the connecting ring cameral deposits are present. E. Preserved (circle on the right) and diagenetically altered (circle on the left) aragonite of the middle septum. Hydrocarbons partly cover the nacreous structure. F. Sector of the thin section in Fig. 7A1 illustrating the area of the ventral hole. In the upper right, the boundary between the dark brown cameral deposits is visible (arrow b). On the left and right of the hole the cauliflower−like layer 3 is present, identical structures are missing directly above the bite. On the left and right of and above the hole are the black deposit is present, but this layer is missing within the hole (arrows a). Vertical cracks (arrows c) through the whitish layer (layers 3 and 4) indicate that external pressure was exerted from the outside of the shell. On the right above the bite the whitish deposits shows a structure suggesting that the part left of the crack was moved upward (arrow d).

Fig. 1 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 1. Setting and features of Oklahoma and the Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry. A. Geographical position of Oklahoma (modified after www.stepmap.de). B. Section of Oklahoma with the Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry northeast of the Arbuckle Mountains (indicated with the arrow and the dot); inserted sketch of the geographical position of Sulphur and the Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry area (marked with a star). C. Main section of Oklahoma with the "asphalt belt" of Oklahoma and the Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry within this belt (marked with the oval); modified after Hutchinson (1911: 5). D. Hydrocarbon−soaked cephalopod coquina with an orthoconic (on) and a coiled nautiloid (cn) specimen.

Fig. 3 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 3. Various orthoconic nautiloid specimens from the Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA: BSPG 2011 0003 (A), BSPG 2011 0004 (B), BSPG 2011 0005 (C), BSPG 2011 0006 (D), BSPG 2011 0007 (E), BSPG 2011 0008 (F), BSPG 2011 0009 (G), and BSPG 2011 0010 (H) representing at least two different undetermined genera with normal, but in part diagenetically altered cameral deposits. Generic determination is difficult because the outer test is missing and the siphuncle is not well preserved or absent and is not aim of this study. Scale bars 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 5. Thin sections of the orthoconic nautiloid specimen BSPG 2011 0002 from the Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA illustrating the whitish cameral deposits (layers 3 and 4) in adoral and adapical chambers. A. Adapical septum, altered early deposits and black deposit overlain by the cauliflower−shaped and laminated whitish cameral deposits in the older chamber. B. Ventral side of the conch with the middle septum, early cameral deposits, the black deposit and the whitish deposits. C. Middle septum with ventral side of the siphuncle of the adapical and adoral chambers; hypo− and episeptal deposits and the black deposit; in the siphuncle sediment and siphuncular deposits are present; in the adapical chamber the filling with hydrocarbons is obvious. D. Ventral side of the adapical chamber with cameral deposits and hydrocarbon filling. E. Whitish cameral deposits and black deposit in the adapical chamber. F. Whitish cameral deposit illustrating the alternation of lighter and darker layers and the grading into darker later deposits of layer 4.

Fig. 2. Investigated orthoconic nautiloid specimen BSPG 2011 0002 in Exceptional cameral deposits in a sublethally injured Carboniferous orthoconic nautiloid from the Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 2. Investigated orthoconic nautiloid specimen BSPG 2011 0002 from the Carboniferous Buckhorn Asphalt Quarry, Oklahoma, USA with nacreous shine and one of the marks on the conch (dorsal side of the phragmocone). In the middle of this mark a septum is visible (marked with an arrow).