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FIGURE 2 in Kalanchoe ×robertsonii [K. longiflora × K. rotundifolia] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, small-growing nothospecies from South Africa

FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe ×robertsonii. A. Leaves and stems. At first the leaves are light green to glaucous, later becoming orange-infused, especially towards the leaf margins. The margins are flat and entire for the proximal ⅔–¾, usually with few crenations towards the leaf apex. B. The adaxial surface of the ovate to very slightly elliptic corolla lobes of K. ×robertsonii is bicoloured, i.e., dull to bright light orange distally and strongly yellow-infused proximally. C. Corolla tubes of the nothospecies are shiny light orange and only lightly greeninfused in the lower ½ (flower in the centre), while those of K. longiflora are uniformly shiny greenish yellow (flower on the left) and those of K. rotundifolia are red to dull orange and often strongly green-infused proximally (flower on the right). D. The adaxial surface of the corolla lobes of the nothospecies is dull to bright light orange and strongly yellow-infused (flower in the centre), while that of K. longiflora is monochromatic light yellow (flower on the left) and that of K. rotundifolia is monochromatic red to dull orange (flower on the right). E. The aberrant flower of K. ×robertsonii in the centre is pentamerous, rather than tetramerous as in the case of all Kalanchoe species. Such a deviation in the number of flower parts is often found in interspecific Kalanchoe hybrids. F. Prof. Dr Bruce Leonard Robertson (1944–) after whom K. ×robertsonii is named; photograph taken on 26 May 2019. All photographs: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2 in The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×vadensis [K. blossfeldiana × K. marmorata var. somaliensis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early nothospecies produced in The Netherlands in the 1950s

FIGURE 2. The flowers of Kalanchoe ×kewensis are bright purplish pink and sometimes deviate from being tetramerous, the condition virtually throughout prevalent in Kalanchoe. Deviations in floral morphology are often found in hybrid kalanchoes. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 3 in The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×vadensis [K. blossfeldiana × K. marmorata var. somaliensis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early nothospecies produced in The Netherlands in the 1950s

FIGURE 3. The holotype of the name Kalanchoe ×vadensis. The metadata associated with the specimen are: The Netherlands. Wageningen, Rijks Landbouw Hoogeschool, Institute of Horticultural Plant-breeding, ex hort., 25 February 1961, B.K. Boom 24038, (holotype L barcode L.1860830). Institution: Naturalis Biodiversity Center; Source: Naturalis—Botany catalogues. License: CC0 1.0. Reproduced with permission. https://data.biodiversitydata.nl/naturalis/specimen/L.1860830

FIGURE 4 in The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×vadensis [K. blossfeldiana × K. marmorata var. somaliensis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early nothospecies produced in The Netherlands in the 1950s

FIGURE 4. The epitype, designated in this paper, which supports the holotype of the name Kalanchoe ×vadensis. The metadata associated with the specimen are: The Netherlands. Wageningen, Institute for Plant Breeding. In greenhouse, ex hort., 11 March 1982, J. van Veldhuizen 794, (epitype WAG [Herbarium Vadense], barcode WAG 1212259). Reproduced with permission. For attribution of the photograph see Bijmoer et al. (2021).

FIGURE 1 in The taxonomy and nomenclature of Kalanchoe ×vadensis [K. blossfeldiana × K. marmorata var. somaliensis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), an early nothospecies produced in The Netherlands in the 1950s

FIGURE 1. The harpoon-leaved Kalanchoe ×kewensis [K. bentii subsp. bentii × K. glaucescens] was one of the first artificially produced nothospecies that became widely available in the horticultural trade. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2 in Notes on the nomenclature and taxonomy of Chiastophyllum and Umbilicus oppositifolius (≡Cotyledon oppositifolia, ≡Chiastophyllum oppositifolium) (Crassulaceae subfam. Sempervivoideae)

FIGURE 2. The leaves of most species of Umbilicus, such as U. rupestris (Salisbury 1796: 307) Dandy (1948: 611) shown here as a lithophyte on a rock wall in central Portugal near the town of Serra de Santo António, are peltate, more or less round in outline, and have a navel-like depression in the centre (for which the genus was named). Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 1 in Notes on the nomenclature and taxonomy of Chiastophyllum and Umbilicus oppositifolius (≡Cotyledon oppositifolia, ≡Chiastophyllum oppositifolium) (Crassulaceae subfam. Sempervivoideae)

FIGURE 1. The leaves of Umbilicus oppositifolius are more or less ovate and, unlike those of most species of Umbilicus, not peltate. Photograph provided by and © of Ray Stephenson, U.K. Reproduced with his permission.

FIGURE 2 in Kalanchoe gideonsmithii (K. subg. Kalanchoe; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a further new species endemic to the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism in KwaZulu-Natal, eastern South Africa

FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe decumbens from northeastern KwaZulu-Natal and Eswatini (A, B). A. Leaves are light green, narrowly oblong, rounded at apex, and often curve up- and inwards. B. Flowers cinnabar-red. In K. decumbens the corolla lobes are usually slightly broader than in K. rotundifolia. Kalanchoe rotundifolia (C, D). C. The leaves of this form are cymbiform to slightly obovate in outline. D. Flowers are most usually green basally at the level of the ovary. Scale bars: A: 30 mm; B: 10 mm; C: 25 mm; D: 10 mm. Photograph credits: A, B. Gideon F. Smith; C, D. Neil R. Crouch.

FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe gideonsmithii. A in Kalanchoe gideonsmithii (K. subg. Kalanchoe; Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a further new species endemic to the Maputaland-Pondoland Region of Endemism in KwaZulu-Natal, eastern South Africa

FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe gideonsmithii. A. In habitat near Bishopstowe, KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. B. Turgid leaves in the rainy season. C. Inflorescence. D. Bluish purple-infused flower (left) and inflorescence (right). The upper floral tube is consistently dark orange to deep red, with the centres of the lobes sometimes slightly yellowish-infused. The distal part of the corolla tube and proximal part of the corolla lobes invariably become tightly twisted post-anthesis. E. Habitat at type locality, Bishopstowe. F. Prof. Gideon F. Smith for whom K. gideonsmithii is named. Scale bars: A: 80 mm; B: 10 mm; C: 13 mm; D: 13 mm. Photograph credits: A, E. Neil R. Crouch; B–D. Gideon F. Smith; F. Kenneth Oberlander.

FIGURE 3 in Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae [K. luciae × K. winteri] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, large-growing nothospecies from South Africa

FIGURE 3. Dr h.c. Inez Clare Verdoorn (1896–1989), for whom K. ×verdoorniae is named. Photograph © and reproduced with the permission of the South African National Biodiversity Institute.

FIGURE 5 in Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species

FIGURE 5. Of the species included in Kalanchoe sect. Raveta, K. winteri has the most conspicuously basally auriculate leaves. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2 in Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species

FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe luciae, plants of which are the largest-growing of the species included in K. sect. Raveta, has obovate to round, soup plate-sized leaves carried in a pseudo-rosette atop a short, often weak stem, so yielding variously leaning plants once anthesis is reached. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 1 in Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species

FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe thyrsiflora most often has obovate, rather than round leaves and remains smaller growing than K. luciae. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 7 in Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species

FIGURE 7. The corolla lobes of Kalanchoe benbothae are variously reddish to reddish pink-infused. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2 in Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae [K. luciae × K. winteri] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, large-growing nothospecies from South Africa

FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae. A. Basally, the leaves of K. ×verdoorniae are pronouncedly auriculate, as in K. winteri. B. All plant parts of K. ×verdoorniae, including the very tall-growing inflorescence and the external surface of the flowers, are strongly white-waxcovered. C. Leaves of K. ×verdoorniae are obovate and in size intermediate between those of K. luciae and K. winteri. D. Colour-wise, the adaxial surface of the corolla lobes is light yellow and intermediate between those of K. luciae and K. winteri. All photographs: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 1 in Kalanchoe ×verdoorniae [K. luciae × K. winteri] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new, large-growing nothospecies from South Africa

FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe luciae (A, B) and K. winteri (C, D) are the parents of K. ×verdoorniae. A. The leaves of K. luciae are generally large and round to obovate to oblong in outline and often have a reddish to purplish red-infusion, especially along and towards the margins. Basally, the leaves are not to hardly auriculate. B. The flowers of K. luciae are cigar-shaped, and in this case the adaxial surface of the corolla lobes is white. C. Like those of K. luciae, the leaves of K. winteri are also obovate to somewhat oblong to round, but usually smaller and occasionally only light red-infused. Basally, the leaves are distinctly auriculate. D. The adaxial surface of the corolla lobes of the cigar-shaped flowers of K. winteri are yellow. In both K. luciae and K. winteri virtually all plant parts are densely white-wax-covered. All photographs: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 6 in Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species

FIGURE 6. The leaves of Kalanchoe crouchii are obovate to, often, almost perfectly round. Plants of K. crouchii are the smallest of the species included in K. sect. Raveta. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 3 in Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species

FIGURE 3. The most commonly encountered form of Kalanchoe montana has finely pubescent leaves, as here. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 4 in Of paddles, soup plates, and clubs: the taxonomy of the southern and southtropical African Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae; Kalanchoe subg. Kalanchoe) and its constituent species

FIGURE 4. Like the other species included in Kalanchoe sect. Raveta, K. wildii has white-waxy leaves. Photograph: Neil R. Crouch.