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609 results for “Critically endangered”
Do nest boxes breed the target species or its competitors? A case study of a critically endangered bird
<p>Nest boxes are widely used for habitat restoration. Unfortunately, competitors of the target species may exploit nest boxes, creating perverse outcomes. Avoiding habitats preferred by nontarget species, while favoring those of the target species, requires an adaptive management approach if limited information about species preferences is available when deploying boxes. Using nest boxes intended for Swift Parrots Lathamus discolor, we identify factors associated with nontarget species occupancy (Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris and Tree Martin Petrochelidon nigricans) in newly deployed boxes in 2016, and then again after 3 years had elapsed in 2019. Box occupancy by different species depended on the interaction between distance of individual boxes to the forest edge and year. Although the target species exploited similar numbers of nest boxes in both years, competitors were the main beneficiaries of established boxes. A subordinate native nest competitor increased box occupancy likelihood at greater distances from forest edges in both years, but the relationship was stronger in 2019. Introduced Common Starlings S. vulgaris were most likely to occupy boxes close to forest edges, but the magnitude of this relationship was much greater for established than newly deployed boxes. We suggest that permanent box deployments for Swift Parrots may produce perverse outcomes by increasing nesting habitat for Common Starlings. We suggest that for species that only use cavities for part of their life cycle, managers should limit access to boxes outside of critical times to reduce the likelihood that pest populations can exploit restoration efforts and create new problems.</p>
Population and seascape genomics of a critically endangered benthic elasmobranch, the blue skate Dipturus batis
<p>The blue skate (<em>Dipturus batis</em>) has a patchy distribution across the North-East Atlantic Ocean, largely restricted to occidental seas around the British Isles following fisheries-induced population declines and extirpations. The viability of remnant populations remains uncertain, and could be impacted by continued fishing and bycatch pressure and the projected impacts of climate change. We genotyped 503 samples of D. batis, obtained opportunistically from the widest available geographic range, across 6,350 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a reduced-representation sequencing approach. Genotypes were used to assess the species' contemporary population structure, estimate effective population sizes, and identify putative signals of selection in relation to environmental variables using a seascape genomics approach. We identified genetic discontinuities between inshore (British Isles) and offshore (Rockall and Faroe Island) populations, with differentiation most pronounced across the deep waters of the Rockall Trough. Effective population sizes were largest in the Celtic Sea and Rockall, but low enough to be of potential conservation concern among Scottish and Faroese sites. Among the 21 candidate SNPs under positive selection was one significantly correlated with environmental variables predicted to be affected by climate change, including bottom temperature, salinity, and pH. The paucity of well annotated elasmobranch genomes precluded us from identifying a putative function for this SNP. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that climate change could inflict a strong selective force upon remnant populations of D. batis, further constraining its already restricted habitat. Furthermore, the results provide fundamental insights on the distribution, behaviour, and evolutionary biology of D. batis in the North-East Atlantic that will be useful for the establishment of conservation actions for this and other critically endangered elasmobranchs.</p>
Figure 5 in A New Coccidian (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) in the Critically Endangered Central American River Turtle (Dermatemys Mawii) in Belize
Figure 5. Composite line drawing of a sporulated mitra-shaped oocyst of Eimeria grayi n. sp.
Data from: Reproductive ecology of the critically endangered pancake tortoise (Malacochersus tornieri) in the wild
<p>Reproduction of the pancake tortoise in the wild has remained poorly known over the decades. This study fills the knowledge gap by investigating the reproductive ecology of the species in its natural habitats in Kenya. Data were collected using the time-constrained search-and-seize method, group-level scan sampling, radio tracking, and camera-trapping. Our observations revealed a total of 19 mating events that occurred between December and April, predominantly during the rainy seasons. Mating duration averaged 15.2±2.4 minutes. Male-male aggression was observed during the mating season, with the dominant male keeping off all other males and mating with the resident females. Nest preparation events occurred between April and June. Nine nesting events were recorded, but in only five of them was an egg deposited. The nests were dug in loose soil, appeared almost circular, and measured 8.4±0.9 cm wide and 7.0±0.1 cm deep (n=7). The average clutch size was one egg. The eggs were white, hard-shelled, oval, and elongated measuring 4.4±0.4 cm long, 2.7±0.04 cm wide and weighed 17±0.6 g (n=3). Incubation period lasted 177± 5.7 days (n=2), and hatching coincided with the onset of the short rainy season in November, aligned with the availability of abundant food for the tortoises. The hatchlings were minimally wider than long, having an average straight carapace length of 4.5±0.6 cm, an average width of 4.5±0.4 cm, and on average weighed 14.7±3.7g, (N=9). They remained near the nest site for 4-5 days before relocating to tiny rock crevices away from the adult tortoise crevices. Egg and hatchling predation was high, with four of the total of six eggs, observed after they were laid, being destroyed. Three juveniles, out of nine, were also eaten by predators. These findings contribute useful information for the formulation of effective conservation and management strategies for this critically endangered species.</p>
Fig. 1 in Morphological and molecular description of Ixodes woyliei n. sp. (Ixodidae) with consideration for co-extinction with its critically endangered marsupial host
Fig. 1 Locatcons of Bettongia penicillata populatcons where samples were obtacned
Figure 3 in Third record of the Critically Endangered Brazilian Merganser Mergus octosetaceus in São Paulo state, south-east Brazil, after almost two centuries
Figure 3. Study area of Padre Dória, Serra do Mar State Park, Salesópolis, São Paulo, Brazil.
Fig. 2 in Ectoparasites of the critically endangered insular cavy, Cavia intermedia (Rodentia: Caviidae), southern Brazil
Fig. 2. Gliricola lindoiphoi male collected on Cavia intermedia. The bar corresponds to 100 μm.
Fig. 1 in Ectoparasites of the critically endangered insular cavy, Cavia intermedia (Rodentia: Caviidae), southern Brazil
Fig. 1. Location map of Moleques do Sul Archipelago.
Fig. 3 in Ectoparasites of the critically endangered insular cavy, Cavia intermedia (Rodentia: Caviidae), southern Brazil
Fig. 3. Trimenopon hispidum male collected on Cavia intermedia. The bar corresponds to 100 μm.
Fig. 1 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)
Fig. 1. Geographical origin of the different species of marsupials trapped in this study.
Anthropogenic pressures drive population genetic structuring across a Critically Endangered lemur species range
<p>Includes initial input landscape surfaces (.acs) and final resistance surfaces (.out) generated during the current study.</p>
Figure 1 in Current and suitable habitat of the Critically endangered Northern white-cheeked gibbon (Nomascus leucogenys) in Lao PDR
Figure 1. Map of all present locations of N. leucogenys showing the study area.
Fig. 1 in A global checklist of the parasites of the harbor porpoise Phocoena phocoena, a critically-endangered species, including new findings from the Baltic Sea
Fig. 1. The harbor porpoise parasites load (number of species/number of individuals).
Image 2 in Discovery of the Critically Endangered annual killifish Austrolebias wolterstorffi (Ahl, 1924) (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae) in Lagoa do Peixe National Park, Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil
Image 2. Occurence site of Austrolebias wolterstorffi in Lagoa do Peixe National Park.
Figure 3 in The rarest of the rare: rediscovery and status of the critically endangered Belem Curassow, Crax fasciolata pinima (Pelzeln, 1870)
Figure 3. Crax fasciolata pinima male kept in captivity at the Terra Indígena Mãe Maria. Photo credits: Gustavo Gonsioroski.
Figure 2 in The rarest of the rare: rediscovery and status of the critically endangered Belem Curassow, Crax fasciolata pinima (Pelzeln, 1870)
Figure 2. Crax fasciolata pinima male at the Terra Indígena Mãe Maria (TIMM). Images extracted from recordings of the camera trap.
Figure 1 in The rarest of the rare: rediscovery and status of the critically endangered Belem Curassow, Crax fasciolata pinima (Pelzeln, 1870)
Figure 1. Study area, showing the historical and recent documented and undocumented records of Crax fasciolata pinima at the Belem Centre of Endemism.
Figure 4 in The rarest of the rare: rediscovery and status of the critically endangered Belem Curassow, Crax fasciolata pinima (Pelzeln, 1870)
Figure 4. Crax fasciolata pinima male kept in captivity by a resident of the Marmorana settlement, Alto Alegre do Pindaré, Maranhão, Novembro 12th, 2017. Photo credits: Emanuel Barreto.
Genetic variability, management, and conservation implications of the critically endangered Brazilian pitviper Bothrops insularis
<p>Information on demographic, genetic, and environmental parameters of wild and captive animal populations has proven to be crucial to conservation programs and strategies. Genetic approaches in conservation programs of Brazilian snakes remain scarce despite their importance for critically endangered species, such as <i>Bothrops insularis</i>, the golden lancehead, which is endemic to Ilha da Queimada Grande, coast of São Paulo State, Brazil. This study aims to (i) characterize the genetic diversity of <i>ex-situ</i> and <i>in-situ</i> populations of <i>B. insularis</i> using heterologous microsatellites; (ii) investigate genetic structure among and within these populations; and (iii) provide data for the conservation program of the species. Twelve informative microsatellites obtained from three species of the <i>B. neuwiedi</i> group were used to access genetic diversity indexes of <i>ex-situ</i> and <i>in-situ</i> populations. Low-to-medium genetic diversity parameters were found. Both populations showed low — albeit significant — values of system of mating inbreeding coefficient, whereas only the <i>in-situ</i> population showed a significant value of pedigree inbreeding coefficient. Significant values of genetic differentiation indexes suggest a small differentiation between the two populations. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) recovered five clusters. No geographic relationship was found in the island, suggesting the occurrence of gene flow. Also, our data allowed the establishment of six preferential breeding couples, aiming to minimize inbreeding and elucidate uncertain parental relationships in the captive population. In a conservation perspective, continuous monitoring of both populations is demanded: it involves the incorporation of new individuals from the island into the captive population to avoid inbreeding and to achieve the recommended allelic similarity between the two populations. At last, we recommend that the genetic data support researches as a base to maintain a viable and healthy captive population, highly genetically similar to the <i>in-situ</i> one, which is crucial for considering a reintroduction process into the island.</p>
Genetic population dynamics of the critically endangered scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) in the Eastern Tropical Pacific
<p><span>The scalloped hammerhead shark, </span><span><em>Sphyrna</em> <em>lewini</em></span><span>, is a Critically Endangered, migratory species known for its tendency to form iconic and visually spectacular large aggregations. Herein, we investigated the population genetic dynamics of the scalloped hammerhead across much of its distribution in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), ranging from Costa Rica to Ecuador, focusing on young‐of‐the‐year animals from putative coastal nursery areas and adult females from seasonal aggregations that form in the northern Galápagos Islands. Nuclear microsatellites and partial mitochondrial control region sequences showed little evidence of population structure, suggesting that scalloped hammerheads in this ETP region comprise a single genetic stock. Galápagos aggregations of adults were not comprised of related individuals, suggesting that kinship does not play a role in the formation of the repeated, annual gatherings at these remote offshore locations. Despite high levels of fisheries exploitation of this species in the ETP, the adult scalloped hammerheads here showed greater genetic diversity compared with adult conspecifics from other parts of the species' global distribution. A phylogeographic analysis of available, globally sourced, mitochondrial control region sequence data (</span><span>n</span><span> = 1,818 sequences) revealed that scalloped hammerheads comprise three distinct matrilines corresponding to the three major world ocean basins, highlighting the need for conservation of these evolutionarily unique lineages. This study provides the first view of the genetic properties of a scalloped hammerhead aggregation, and the largest sample size‐based investigation of population structure and phylogeography of this species in the ETP to date.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.