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Fig. 3 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 3. Line art drawing of Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. A: Ventral female overview; B: dorsal female overview; C: ventral male overview of segments 10–11; D: dorsal male overview of segments 10–11. Abbreviations: dpl, dorsal placid; go, gonopore; lat, lateral accessory tube; lddss, laterodorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; ldmgco2, laterodorsal modified type 2 glandular cell outlet; ldrss, laterodorsal rounded sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, lateroventral type 1 glandular cell outlet; lvmgco2, lateroventral modified type 2 glandular cell outlet; lvt, lateroventral tube; mddss, middorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; mdgco1, middorsal type 1 glandular cell outlet; mds, middorsal spine; mldss, midlateral droplet-shaped sensory spot; mlmgco2, midlateral modified type 2 glandular cell outlet; ms, muscular scar; mvpl, midventral placid; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; ps, penile spines; S, segment (followed by number of corresponding segment); sddss, subdorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; sdgco1, subdorsal type 1 glandular cell outlet; sdmgco2, subdorsal modified type 2 glandular cell outlet; sdrss, subdorsal rounded sensory spot; slne, sublateral nephridiopore; sls, sublateral spine; te, tergal extension; tsp, trichoscalid plate; vldss, ventrolateral droplet-shaped sensory spot; vmdss, ventromedial droplet-shaped sensory spot; vmgco1, ventromedial type 1 glandular cell outlet; vmrss, ventromedial rounded sensory spot.

Fig. 2 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 2. Diagram of mouth cone, introvert and neck placids in Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. Grey area and thicker line arcs indicate mouth cone and neck placids, respectively. Spinoscalid positions that are inferred by radial symmetry are marked in grey with dashed line.

Fig. 4 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 4. Light micrographs of female holotype MNHN- 655Ma (A, C-D), male paratype MNHN-661Ma (B, E), female paratypes MNHN-656Ma (H) and MNHN-657Ma (F), and additional specimens (G, I) of Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. showing trunk overview, details of mouth cone and neck, epibionts and ingested diatoms. A: Ventral trunk overview; B: mouth cone, showing the outer oral styles; C: dorsal neck view; D: ventral neck view; E: middorsal to laterodorsal view on right side of tergal plate of segments 10–11; F: lateral view of segment 11; G: ingested diatom; H: unknown type of epibionts attached to the posterior edge of segment 11; I: filamentous bacteria attached to the posterior edge of segment 11. Abbreviations: ba, bacteria; bs, basal sheath; dpl, dorsal placid; ep, end-piece; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mvpl, midventral placid; ps, penile spines; te, tergal extension; tsp, trichoscalid plate.

Fig. 6 in Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov., a new kinorhynch in the E. coulli species group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Gulf of Mexico

Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of head and trunk morphology of Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov. A. Lateral overview. Arrows, midlateral tubes on segments 5 and 8; arrowheads, lateroventral tubes on segment 5; double arrowhead, lateral accessory tube on segment 8. B. Segment 9 enlargement showing sieve plate (arrow) with distinctive posterior cuticular pore (arrowhead). C. Lateral enlargement of posterior region. Arrow, lateral terminal spine.

Fig. 1 in Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov., a new kinorhynch in the E. coulli species group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Gulf of Mexico

Fig. 1. Map of collection sites in the northern and southern Gulf of Mexico for Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov. A. Overview of the Gulf of Mexico with collection sites in Alabama and Mexico indicated. B. Collection sites in Alabama. C. Collection sites in Mexico.

Fig. 1 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 1. Map showing the sampling location in South America (top left), French Guiana (top right) and the Cayenne Estuary (bottom). Sampling stations are marked red circles; mangrove cover is coloured in dark green. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov., a new kinorhynch in the E. coulli species group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Gulf of Mexico

Fig. 4. Light micrographs showing overviews and details in trunk morphology of Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov. A. An overview of female paratype specimen (NHMD-1174540), posterior view. Arrow, lateral accessory tube on segment 8; arrowhead, sieve plate. Inset: enlargement of sieve plate. B. Segments 9 to 11 of male holotype (NHMD- 1174539), dorsal overview. Arrows, penile spines; arrowhead, lateral terminal spine. C. Segments 9 to 11 of female paratype specimen (NHMD- 1174541KIN), ventral overview. Arrow, pectinate fringe on segment 10.

Fig. 3 in Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov., a new kinorhynch in the E. coulli species group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Gulf of Mexico

Fig. 3. Light microscopy of head and trunk morphology of Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov. A. An overview of male holotype (NHMD-1174539), dorsal view. B. Segments 1 to 9 of female paratype (NHMD-1174541), dorsal view. Arrow, placids. C. Segments 5 to 11 of male holotype, dorsal view. Arrows, midlateral tubes on segment 5; arrowheads, midlateral tubes on segment 8. D. Segments 1 to 6 of female paratype (NHMD-1174540), ventral view. Arrow, midventral placid; arrowhead, lateroventral tube.

Fig. 5 in Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov., a new kinorhynch in the E. coulli species group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Gulf of Mexico

Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details in head and trunk morphology of Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov. A. Midlateral overview. B. The oral cone and introvert region. Arrow, outer oral style; arrowhead, primary spinoscalid. C. Segments 1 to 4, laterodorsal overview. Arrowheads, sensory spots. D. Segments 2 to 6, midlateral overview. Arrow, midlateral tube on segment 5; arrowheads, lateroventral tubes on segment 5.

Fig. 2 in Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov., a new kinorhynch in the E. coulli species group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Gulf of Mexico

Fig. 2. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes zacharyi sp. nov. A. Male, dorsal view. B. Male, ventral view. C. Segments 9 to 11 in female, dorsal view. D. Segments 9 to 11 in female, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, lateroventral glandular cell outlet type 1; lvt, lateroventral tube; mdgco1, middorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; mlt, midlateral tube; pe, penile spines; s10, segment 10; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; si, sieve plate; slss, sublateral sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 5 in Ryuguderes casarrubiosi sp. nov., a new deep-sea representative of the enigmatic genus Ryuguderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Campyloderidae) from the Indian Ocean

Fig. 5. Light micrographs of female adult holotype NHMD-1174547 (A–E), female adult paratype NHMD-672705 (I) and male adult paratype NHMD- 672702 (F–H) of Ryuguderes casarrubiosi sp. nov., showing trunk cuticular details of segments 6–11. A: Middorsal to midlateral view of segment 8; B: right sternal plate of segment 8; C: midlateral to lateroventral view of segments 9–10; D: middorsal to laterodorsal view of segments 10–11; E: right sternal plates of segments 10–11; F: right sternal plates of segments 6–7; G: middorsal to laterodorsal view of segments 10–11; H: right sternal plates of segments 10–11; I: ventral view of segment 11. Abbreviations: go, gonopore; lane, lateral accessory nephridiopore; lds, laterodorsal spine; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; mds, middorsal spine; mts, midterminal spine; po, pore; spf, secondary pectinate fringe; vmpa, ventromedial papilla; numbers after abbreviation indicate corresponding segment; glandular cell outlets are marked as continuous circles, and sensory spots as dashed circles.

Fig. 1 in Ryuguderes casarrubiosi sp. nov., a new deep-sea representative of the enigmatic genus Ryuguderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Campyloderidae) from the Indian Ocean

Fig. 1. Map with location of the sampling region (marked with a black star) offshore north-western Madagascar margin at the Mozambique Channel with detail of the studied area (marked with a red square) (A), and detailed bathymetry of the area where the new species was found (red triangle). Map courtesy of Dr Julie Tourolle, created with Globe©, IFREMER. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Ryuguderes casarrubiosi sp. nov., a new deep-sea representative of the enigmatic genus Ryuguderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Campyloderidae) from the Indian Ocean

Fig. 2. Line art drawing of Ryuguderes casarrubiosi sp. nov. based on type material. A: Dorsal female trunk overview; B: ventral female trunk overview; C: dorsal view of male segments 10–11; D: mouth cone external ring of outer oral styles. Abbreviations: dis, distal part (of outer oral style); dpl, dorsal placid; go, gonopore; lane, lateral accessory nephridiopore; las, lateral accessory spine; ldgco, laterodorsal glandular cell outlet; lds, laterodorsal spine; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvb, lateroventral blunt spine; lvgco, lateroventral glandular cell outlet; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvss, lateroventral sensory spot; mds, middorsal spine; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; mts, midterminal spine; mvpl, midventral placid; oos, outer oral style; po, pore; ppdss, paired paradorsal sensory spot; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; pro, proximal part (of outer oral style); S, segment (followed by number of corresponding segment); sdgco, subdorsal glandular cell outlet; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; spf, secondary pectinate fringe; ts, trichoscalid; tsp, trichoscalid plate; updss, unpaired paradorsal sensory spot; vlgco, ventrolateral glandular cell outlet; vmgco, ventromedial glandular cell outlet; vmpa, ventromedial papilla; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 3 in Ryuguderes casarrubiosi sp. nov., a new deep-sea representative of the enigmatic genus Ryuguderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Campyloderidae) from the Indian Ocean

Fig. 3. Light micrographs of female adult holotype NHMD-1174547 (A), female adult paratype NHMD- 672705 (E–G), male adult paratype NHMD-672702 (B, D), male pre-adult specimen NHMD-672704 (H), and J-2 juvenile specimen NHMD-67203 (C, I) of Ryuguderes casarrubiosi sp. nov., showing trunk cuticular overviews and details on head, neck and posterior trunk segments. A: Ventral trunk overview; B: Dorsal trunk overview; C: Ventral trunk overview; D: Outer oral styles; E: detail of the scalid internal septa (indicated with arrows); F: detail of a regularsized introvert scalid; G: Ventral neck view (arrows indicate the placid width at base); H: Dorsal view of segments 10–11; I: Ventral view of segments 8–10. Abbreviations: bs, basal sheath of scalid; dis, distal part (of outer oral styles); ep, end-piece of scalid; lds, laterodorsal spine; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; mds, middorsal spine; mts, midterminal spine; mvpl, midventral placid; pro, proximal part (of outer oral styles); numbers after abbreviation indicate corresponding segment.

Fig. 4 in Ryuguderes casarrubiosi sp. nov., a new deep-sea representative of the enigmatic genus Ryuguderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Campyloderidae) from the Indian Ocean

Fig. 4. Light micrographs of female adult holotype NHMD-1174547 (A, C–D, F–I) and female adult paratype NHMD-672705 (B, E) of Ryuguderes casarrubiosi sp. nov., showing trunk cuticular details of segments 1–7. A, B: Middorsal to laterodorsal view of segments 1–3 tergal plates; C: detail of the unpaired, paradorsal sensory spot of segment 4; D: detail of the paired paradorsal sensory spots of segment 6; E: ventral view of segments 1–3; F: middorsal to midlateral view of segments 4–5 tergal plates; G: lateroventral view of segments 5–6; H: midlateral to midventral view of segments 6–7 cuticular plates; I: right sternal plate of segment 6. Abbreviations: las, lateral accessory spine; lvb, lateroventral blunt spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; mds, middorsal spine; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; sp, sternal plate; spf, secondary pectinate fringe; tp, tergal plate; vmpa, ventromedial papilla; numbers after abbreviation indicate corresponding segment; glandular cell outlets are marked as continuous circles, and sensory spots as dashed circles.

FIGURE 10 in A new species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from the Argentinean continental shelf with notes on its postembryonic development and on subcuticular morphological characters unreported for Kinorhyncha

FIGURE 10. Echinoderes goku sp. nov., last juvenile stage moulting to female, ZMB 12267, dorsal view (A, B) and optical section (C). A. Segments 7–10. B, C. Segments 10 and 11. Abbreviations: co, sublateral, subcuticular conical structure opening on segment 10; fe, refers to female character; juv, refers to character of last juvenile stage; las, lateral accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mds, middorsal spine; ps, postmarginal spicula; re, cuticular reinforcement; s, segment; slt, sublateral tube. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Arrowheads in A mark papillate sensory spots. Scale bar in A 50 µm. Scale bar in B 30 µm, valid for B and C.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from the Argentinean continental shelf with notes on its postembryonic development and on subcuticular morphological characters unreported for Kinorhyncha

FIGURE 7. Echinoderes goku sp. nov., female, ZMB 12271 (A–E) and ZMB 12349 (F), right side (A–D) and dorsal view (E, F), SEM. A. Segments 1–3. B. Segments 4–6. C. Segments 7–8. D. Segments 9–11. E. Segments 10 and 11. F. Fringe of sublateral, subcuticular conical structure opening on segment 10. Abbreviations: co, fringe of sublateral, subcuticular conical structure opening on segment 10; gc1, type-1 gland cell outlet; hr, trunk cuticular hair; lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral accessory terminal spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; mds, middorsal spine; pf, primary pectinate fringe; s, segment; sdt, subdorsal tube (lost on segment 2); sf, secondary pectinate fringe; slt, sublateral to midlateral tube; te, tergal extension. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Arrowheads mark type-1 sensory spots. Scale bar in A–E 10 μm. Scale bar in F 5 µm.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from the Argentinean continental shelf with notes on its postembryonic development and on subcuticular morphological characters unreported for Kinorhyncha

FIGURE 6. Echinoderes goku sp. nov., female, ZMB 12271 (A, C) and ZMB 12272 (B), in laterodorsal (A), ventral (B), and dorsal-right (C) view, SEM. A. Habitus. B. Mouth cone. White arrow points to bifurcated tip of posterior spinose process. C. Two neighbouring introvert sector. Abbreviations: asp, anterior spinose process; in, introvert; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mc, mouth cone; mds, middorsal spine; oos, outer oral style; psc, primary spinoscalid; psp, posterior spinose process; s, segment; sc, spinoscalid; slt, sublateral tube; tr, trichoscalid. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment (A) or introvert ring number (C). Scale bar in A 100 μm. Scale bar in B and C 10 μm.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from the Argentinean continental shelf with notes on its postembryonic development and on subcuticular morphological characters unreported for Kinorhyncha

FIGURE 5. Female specimens of species of Echinoderes, dorsal view (A, B, H, I, L–N), lateral view (C, K), and optical section (D–G, J), DIC. A–E. Echinoderes goku sp. nov. A, B. paratype ZMB 12335, segments 1–5 (A) and 6–9 (B). C. Paratype ZMB 12344, segments 2–7. D, E. Paratypes ZMB 12342 (D) and ZMB 12264 (E), segments 10 and 11 (D) and 10 (E). F–N. Segments 10 and 11. F, G. Echinoderes capitatus, ZMB 11913 (F) and 11921 (G). H, I. Echinoderes meteorensis, paratypes ZMB 11571b (H) and ZMB 11572b (I). J. Echinoderes unispinosus, paratype ZMB 11589b. K, L. Echinoderes apex, holotype ZMB 11561, paratype ZMB 11562a. M. Echinoderes ferrugineus, ZMB 11929. N. Echinoderes pilosus, paralectotype SMNH 9256; black arrow marks cuticular sheath around tube. Abbreviations: co, female-specific sublateral, subcuticular conical structure; gc1, type-1 gland cell outlet; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral accessory terminal spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; re, cuticular reinforcement; s, segment; sdt, subdorsal tube; slt, sublateral tube; sph, laterodorsal subcuticular spherical structure; vlt, ventrolateral tube. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Arrowheads mark type-1 sensory spots. White arrows point to type-1 gland cell outlets. Scale bar in B 50 μm, valid for A–C. Scale bar in D 20 µm, valid for D–M. Scale bar in N 20 µm.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from the Argentinean continental shelf with notes on its postembryonic development and on subcuticular morphological characters unreported for Kinorhyncha

FIGURE 2. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes goku sp. nov., A, B, male holotype (MACN-In 43755), C, D, female paratype (MACN-In 43756b). A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C, D. Segments 10 and 11, dorsal (C) and ventral view (D). Placids illustrated as appearing in SEM. Sublateral structures often hidden by the neighbouring body cuticle in the more or less dorsoventral mount and often only illustrated for one side. Abbreviations: co, female-specific, subcuticular conical structure; hr, cuticular hair; lat, lateral accessory tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mdgc, middorsal gland cell outlet; mds, middorsal spine; pa, pachycycli; pe, penile spine; pl, placid; pvp, paraventral patch of cuticular hairs; sdt, subdorsal tube; slt, sublateral to midlateral tube; te, tergal extension; vlp, ventrolateral to paraventral patch of cuticular hairs; vlt, ventrolateral tube; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot. Digits after abbreviations indicate the corresponding segment number. Scale bar: 100 μm.