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FIG. 3 in The Early Devonian Acanthodian Uraniacanthus curtus (Powrie, 1870) n. comb. from the Midland Valley of Scotland

FIG. 3. — Uraniacanthus curtus (Powrie, 1870) n. comb., NMS G.1891.92.249, holotype from Farnell: A, photograph of the specimen; B, line drawing of the specimen. Abbreviations: ad.fs, anterior dorsal fin spine; cf, caudal fin; ll, lateral line; pd.fs, posterior dorsal fin spine. Scale bars: 10 mm.

FIG. 5 in The Early Devonian Acanthodian Uraniacanthus curtus (Powrie, 1870) n. comb. from the Midland Valley of Scotland

FIG. 5. — Uraniacanthus curtus (Powrie, 1870) n. comb., NMS G.1891.92.250, a very small complete individual from Turin Hill (Tillywhandland), Angus, Scotland: Line drawing of the specimen. Abbreviations: ad.fs, anterior dorsal fin spine; a.fs, anal fin spine; cf, caudal fin; sc, scapulocoracoid; oc, opercular covers; op, occlusal plate; pd.fs, posterior dorsal fin spine; p.fs, pectoral fin spine; pp, postorbital plate; pp.s1, first prepectoral spine; pp.s2, second prepectoral spine; ppv.fs2, second prepelvic fin spine; pv.fs, pelvic fin spine. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIG. 1 in The Early Devonian Acanthodian Uraniacanthus curtus (Powrie, 1870) n. comb. from the Midland Valley of Scotland

FIG. 1. — Uraniacanthus curtus (Powrie, 1870) n. comb. NMS G.1891.92.249, holotype from Farnell. A reproduction of Powrie's figure (1870: pl. 12, fig. 7) of the complete specimen and his enlargement of the scales (Powrie 1870: pl. 12, fig. 7a).

FIG. 2 in The Early Devonian Acanthodian Uraniacanthus curtus (Powrie, 1870) n. comb. from the Midland Valley of Scotland

FIG. 2. — Diplacanthus longispinus Agassiz, 1844, NMS G.1891.92.338, a complete specimen from Gamrie, Banffshire, Scotland: A, detail of the head showing the position of the jaw plates; B, close up of the tooth plate positioned on the upper surface of the lower jaw; C, detail of the posterior dorsal fin spine showing the deep base of insertion with fine, parallel ridges Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, 1 mm; C, 5 mm.

FIG. 8. — Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)

FIG. 8. — Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. skull roof ornamentation (MNHN.F.1992-6-136): A, silicone cast of the skull roof impression in matrix; B, zoom showing oval and elongate tubercles. The black frame shows the enlarged area. Arrows indicate anterior. Labels in italics indicate the sensory line system. Abbreviations: d.end, endolymphatic duct opening; mpl, middle pit line; ppl.a, posterior pit line anterior part; ppl.p, posterior pit line posterior part; soc, supraorbital sensory line groove. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 0.5 cm.

FIG. 7 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)

FIG. 7. — Left orbit of Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. (MNHN.F.1992-6-139): A, lateral view; B, interpretation. Arrows indicate anterior. Abbreviations: II, groove for the optic nerve; III, oculomotor nerve foramen; III p, foramen for oculomotor nerve posterior branch; IV, trochlear nerve foramen; V1, foramen for trigeminal nerve profundus branch; a.c.v, anterior cerebral vein; c.v.pit, pituitary vein canal; eys, eyestalk attachment area; my3, myodome for oculomotorius-innervated eye muscle (superior rectus?). Scale bars: 0.5 cm.

FIG. 6. — Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)

FIG. 6. — Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. occipital area of the holotype (MNHN.F.1992-6-132): A, occipital view; B, interpretation. Abbreviations: c.c, canal of endocranial extension of notochord; c.e, cranial cavity (foramen magnum); d.art, dermal articular area; m.o.fo, muscular occipital fossa; pr.gl, glenoid process. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 9 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)

FIG. 9. — Reconstructions of the skull roof of: A, the arthrodire Simblaspis cachensis Denison, 1958 (modified after Denison 1958); B, the petalichthyid Lunaspis broilii Gross, 1937 (modified after Goujet 1972); C, the acanthothoracid Romundina stellina Orvig, 1975 (modified after Goujet & Young 2004). Arrows indicate anterior. Labels in italics indicate the sensory line system; regular labels indicate the skull bones. Abbreviations: Al, anterior lateral plate; cc, central sensory line groove; Ce, central plate; cu.so, cutaneous sensory organ; d.end, endolymphatic duct opening; ifc, infraorbital sensory line groove; lc, main lateral sensory line groove; Mg, marginal plate; mpl, middle pit line; Nu, nuchal plate; occ, occipital cross commissure; Pan.a, anterior paranuchal plate; Pan.m, medial paranuchal plate; Pan.p, posterior paranuchal plate; pfc, profundus sensory line groove; Pi, pineal plate; pmc, postmarginal sensory line groove; Pmg, postmarginal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; ppl.a, posterior pit line anterior part; ppl.p, posterior pit line posterior part; Prm, premedian plate; Pro, preorbital plate; Ptn, postnasal plate; Pto, postorbital plate; Ro, rostral plate; Rp, rostropineal plate; Sm, submarginal plate; soc, supraorbital sensory line groove. Scale bars: A, 1 cm; B, 2 cm; C, 0.5 cm.

FIG. 4 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)

FIG. 4. — Incomplete skull roofs of Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. in dorsal views: A, MNHN.F.1992-6-138; B, MNHN.F.1992-6-137; C, MNHN.F.1992-6-139. Arrows indicate anterior. Labels in italics indicate the sensory line system; regular labels indicate the skull bones. Abbreviations: Ce, central plate; d.end, endolymphatic duct opening; lc, main lateral sensory line groove; Nu, nuchal plate; pmc, postmarginal sensory line canal; Pan.a, anterior paranuchal plate; Pan.m, medial paranuchal plate; Pan.p, posterior paranuchal plate; ppl.p, posterior pit line posterior part; Pro, preorbital plate; soc, supraorbital sensory line groove. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 3 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)

FIG. 3. — Incomplete skull roofs of Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. in dorsal views: A, B, MNHN.F.1992-6-132, holotype and skull roof reconstruction; C, D, MNHN.F.1992-6-133, original specimen and outline drawing of the bone suture pattern. Arrows indicate anterior. The grey area indicates the missing external bone. Labels in italics indicate the sensory line system; regular labels indicate the skull bones. Abbreviations: Ce, central plate; d.end, endolymphatic duct opening; lc, main lateral sensory line groove; Mg, marginal plate, m.o.fo, muscular occipital fossa; mpl, middle pit line; Nu, nuchal plate; Pan.a, anterior paranuchal plate; Pan.m, medial paranuchal plate; Pan.p, posterior paranuchal plate; pmc, postmarginal sensory line canal; ppl.a, posterior pit line anterior part; ppl.p, posterior pit line posterior part; Pro, preorbital plate; Pto, postorbital plate; soc, supraorbital sensory line groove. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 2 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)

FIG. 2. — Incomplete skull roofs of Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. in dorsal views: A, B, MNHN.F.1992-6-134, original specimen and skull roof reconstruction; C, D, MNHN.F.1992-6-135, original specimen and outline drawing of the bone suture pattern. Arrows indicate anterior. Labels in italics indicate the sensory line system; regular labels indicate the skull bones. Abbreviations: Ce, central plate; d.end, endolymphatic duct opening; lc, main lateral sensory line groove; Mg, marginal plate; mpl, middle pit line; Nu, nuchal plate; Pan.a, anterior paranuchal plate; Pan.m, medial paranuchal plate; Pan.p, posterior paranuchal plate; pmc, postmarginal sensory line canal; ppl.a, posterior pit line anterior part; ppl.p, posterior pit line posterior part; Pro, preorbital plate; PtC, posterior central plate; Pto, postorbital plate; soc, supraorbital sensory line groove. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 1 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)

FIG. 1. — Geographical and geological settings the Qasr Limestone Member: A, Al Qalibah quadrangle; B, Al Huj section through the Jauf Formation; fish symbol represents the stratigraphical horizon where the material has been found (modified after Lelièvre et al. 1999).

FIG. 5 in A new Placoderm fish (Acanthothoraci) from the Early Devonian Jauf Formation (Saudi Arabia)

FIG. 5. — Endocranium of Arabosteus variabilis n. gen., n. sp. as preserved in the holotype (MNHN.F.1992-6-132): A, ventral view; B, reconstruction. Arrows indicate anterior. Abbreviations: IV, trochlear nerve foramen; V, trigeminal nerve foramen; V1, foramen for trigeminal nerve profundus branch; V+VII, trigemino-facial duct; VI, abducens nerve canal and foramen; VII hm, foramen for hyomandibular branch of facial nerve; VIII, acoustic nerve canal; IX, glossopharyngeus nerve tract; X, vagus nerve canal; X1, foramen of the vagus nerve anterior branch; c.e, cranial cavity; c.v.ju, jugular vein canal; c.v.pit, pituitary vein canal; d.art, dermal articular area; fo.hy, hyoidean fossa; fo.pbr, peribranchial fossa; my6, myodome for abducens-innervated eye muscle; orb, orbit; pr.apo, anterior postorbital process; pr.gl, glenoid process; pr.ppo, posterior postorbital process; pr.sv, supravagal process; ru, utricular recess; sac, sacculus; v.hm, hyoid veins foramina. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 8 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 8. — Acanthothoraci: Palaeacanthaspididae gen. et sp. indet.: A, specimen GIT-580-22; B, specimen GIT 580-25; C, specimen 580-23; D, specimen 580-24. All specimens from locality (sample) 73, Tonnel'nyj Brook, Lower Member (1) of Enmakaj Formation, Lochkovian. Scale bars: A, C, 500 µm; B, 400 µm; D, 200 µm.

FIG. 1 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 1. — Maps indicating the position of the Lower Devonian fish localities at the southern coast of the De Long Strait, Chukchi Autonomous Okrug (A. R.), Arctic far-eastern Russia. 1, Tonnel'nyj Brook; 2, the Coast (Poberezh'e) section. Abbreviations: C, cape; L, lagoon.

FIG. 11 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 11. — Palaeogeographical reconstruction for the Early Devonian by Cocks & Torsvik (2011: fig. 17, at –400 Ma) with Chukotka (Arctic far-eastern Russia), North-West Territories (NWT) of Canada, Spitsbergen and Severnaya Zemlya as elements of the Arctic Province of Blieck & Janvier (1999: fig. 9.14) in a trans-equatorial location. Captions for physiographic features (in various grey colours, as indicated on left side of the Old Red Sandstone Continent): 1, land; 2, shallow shelf; 3, deep shelf; 4, ocean. Abbreviation: AACM, Arctic Alaska-Chukotka Microcontinent.

FIG. 7 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 7. — Thelodont scales from the Lower Devonian of Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia:A, B, Turinia pagei (Powrie,1870)?, specimens GIT 580-19 (A in antero-lateral view) and 580-16 (B in lateral view); C, D, Turinia sp. cf. T. composita Karatajūtė-Talimaa, 2002, specimens GIT 580-10 (C in crown view) and 580-11 (D in latero-crown view); E, Turinia sp. cf. T. polita Karatajūtė-Talimaa, 1978, specimen GIT 580- 17 in lateral view; F, Turinia sp., specimen GIT 580-12 in crown view; G, H, Nikolivia? sp. cf. N. gutta Karatajūtė-Talimaa, 1978, specimen GIT 580-13 in crown (G) and basal (H) views; I-K, Nikolivia? sp., specimen GIT 580-9 in basal (I), crown (J) and latero-crown (K) views. All specimens from locality (sample) 73,Tonnel'nyj Brook,Lower Member (1) of Enmakaj Formation,Lochkovian.Scale bars: A-C, F, G, 200 µm; D, 250 µm; E, 300 µm; H-K, 100 µm.

FIG. 6 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 6. — Heterostracan microremains from the Lower Devonian of Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia: A, B, Traquairaspididae? gen. et sp. indet., specimen GIT 580-5, from locality (sample) 73, Tonnel'nyj Brook, Lower Member (1) of Enmakaj Formation, Lochkovian; C, Traquairaspididae? gen. et sp. indet., specimen PIN 3845/2, locality 73-4 (74-3), Tonnel'nyj Brook, Lower Member (4) of Pil'hikaj Formation, Lochkovian; D, Lepidaspis? sp., tessera, specimen GIT 580-2, locality 73, same origin as specimen 580-5 (A, B); E, F, Oniscolepis? sp., tesserae, specimens GIT 580-1 (E) and 580-3 (F), locality 73, same origin as specimen 580-5 (A, B); G, H, Poraspididae gen. et sp. indet., fragments of a scale (G) and of a plate (H), specimens GIT 580-4 (G) and 580-7 (H), locality 73, same origin as specimen 580-5 (A, B); I, Heterostraci? indet., tessera (platelet), specimen GIT 580-8, locality 73, same origin as specimen 580-5 (A, B). Scale bars: A, C, 1 mm; B, 100 µm; D, 300 µm; E, G, 500 µm; F, H, I, 200 µm.

FIG. 10 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 10. — Porolepis? sp. from the Lower Devonian of Chukotka, Arctic far-eastern Russia, specimen GIT 580-27: A, lateral view; B, dorsolateral view. Locality (sample) 73, Tonnel'nyj Brook, Lower Member (1) of Enmakaj Formation, Lochkovian. Scale bars: 200 µm.

FIG. 4 in Early Devonian fishes from coastal De Long Strait, central Chukotka, Arctic Russia

FIG. 4. — Details of superficial ornamentation of specimen PIN 3845/4. A, B, C, refer to the three areas indicated on Figure 3[4A, 4B, 4C].