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FIGURE 6 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 6. Light microscope images of female specimens in group 2, provisionally identified as Criconema lamellatum. A, E, I) NID 1465, Lobocriconema sp., Purchase Knob, GSMNP, A) entire, 400X, E) head, 400X, I) tail, 400X. B, F, J) NID 2582, Lobocriconema sp., Purchase Knob, GRSM, B) entire, 400X, F) head, 1000X, J) tail, 1000X. C, G, K) NID 3001, Lobocriconema sp., Goshen Prong, GRSM. C) entire, 400X, G) head, 1000X, K) tail, 1000X. D, H, L) NID 899, Lobocriconema sp., Chimney Creek, GRSM D) entire, 400X, H) head, 1000X, L) tail, 1000X.

FIGURE 5 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 5. Light microscope images of Criconema lamellatum paratype, a single female collected from Florence, South Carolina in October 17, 1957. Hosts were recorded as fern, grass and trees. A, B) entire 400X, C) head 1000X, D) tail 1000X.

FIGURE 2 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 2. Light microscope images of female L. incrassatum and L. thornei specimens from clade C (groups 3, 5, and 16). A, D, G) NID 5563 (group 3), Lobocriconema incrassatum, Emigration Canyon, Utah, A) entire, 400X, D) head, 1000X, G) tail, 1000X. B, E, H) NID 5575 (group 16), Lobocriconema incrassatum. Providence Canyon, Utah, B) entire, 400X, E) head, 1000X, H) tail, 1000X. C, F, I) NID 2525 (group 5), Lobocriconema thornei, Ingham County, Michigan, C) entire, 400X, F) head, 1000X, I) tail, 1000X.

FIGURE 3 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 3. SEM images of specimens representing clade C. NID numbers are associated with unique specimens; all are females.

FIGURE 1. A 50 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 1. A 50% majority rule Bayesian Consensus tree constructed using 148 COI nucleotide sequences of Lobocriconema and outgroups. Eighteen groups are identified by brackets and group numbers. Five singletons, specimens not belonging to delineated groups, are indicated. Node support values in parentheses are posterior probability values for Bayesian analysis and bootstrap values for maximum likelihood, respectively. The letters A, B, C and D designate major clades. Each terminal branch includes a Nematode IDentification number (NID) number, taxon and collection site. Colored bars indicate groupings according to species delimitation programs ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) and the Statistical Parsimony Program, TCS. TCS groupings were formed at the 95% similarity cutoff value.

Few juveniles or males were collected. Only four males from groups 7, 8, 9, and 11, all in clade D, were included in the dataset. The male in Fig. 13E–H conforms to the general morphological description of males in Lobocriconema with an undifferentiated labial region, the absence of a stylet, a degenerate pharyngeal region, a FIGURE 7. SEM images of specimens representing clades D (A–H) and B (I). NID numbers are associated with unique specimens, all are females except image C. A) Lobocriconema sp., face view with conspicuous labial disc surrounded by irregular labial structure, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4533. B) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes and displaying subcuticular labial structure, Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, NID 4560. C) Lobocriconema sp., juvenile, head with visible submedian lobes, body scales with fine terminal projections, Spring Creek Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4514. D) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes and displaying subcuticular labial structure, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4527 E) Lobocriconema sp., cephalic profile with protruding stylet, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4529. F) Lobocriconema sp., head profile lacking submedian lobes, Tunica Hills, Louisiana, NID 4574. G) Lobocriconema sp., tail with closed vulva, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4533. H) Lobocriconema sp., tail with closed vulva, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4526. I) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Purchase Knob, NID 4570. in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

Few juveniles or males were collected. Only four males from groups 7, 8, 9, and 11, all in clade D, were included in the dataset. The male in Fig. 13E–H conforms to the general morphological description of males in Lobocriconema with an undifferentiated labial region, the absence of a stylet, a degenerate pharyngeal region, a FIGURE 7. SEM images of specimens representing clades D (A–H) and B (I). NID numbers are associated with unique specimens, all are females except image C. A) Lobocriconema sp., face view with conspicuous labial disc surrounded by irregular labial structure, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4533. B) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes and displaying subcuticular labial structure, Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, NID 4560. C) Lobocriconema sp., juvenile, head with visible submedian lobes, body scales with fine terminal projections, Spring Creek Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4514. D) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes and displaying subcuticular labial structure, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4527 E) Lobocriconema sp., cephalic profile with protruding stylet, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4529. F) Lobocriconema sp., head profile lacking submedian lobes, Tunica Hills, Louisiana, NID 4574. G) Lobocriconema sp., tail with closed vulva, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4533. H) Lobocriconema sp., tail with closed vulva, Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, NID 4526. I) Lobocriconema sp., face view lacking submedian lobes, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Purchase Knob, NID 4570.

FIGURE 12 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 12. Distribution of 18 Lobocriconema haplotype groups. Major clades A, B and C are enclosed by boxes, members of clade D are encircled. Triangles identify geographic outliers in the dataset. Boxes and circles without color represent putative endemics, recovered only from that specific location. Colors identify shared group membership. Green outline indicates the geographic range of clade A. Red outline indicates clade C minus the Utah outliers, (groups 3 and 16), group 17, and the endemic clade B (group 2). Blue, magenta, and orange outlines indicate distributions within clade D, Gulf Coast and southern Ozark and Appalachian, Gulf Coast, and north–south corridor respectively.

FIGURE 14 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 14. Discriminant function analysis of the 4 major clades. A) Stepwise selection of morphological variables and estimated ability to separate major clades. B) Mapping of classifications into discriminant space.

FIGURE 4 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 4. Light microscope images of female Lobocriconema sp. specimens from clade C. A, D, G) NID 3414 (group 18), Parfrey's Glen, Wisconsin, A) entire, 400X, D) head, 1000X, G) tail, 1000X. B, E,H) NID 3243 (group 4), Oconaluftee, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina, B) entire, 400X, E) head, 1000X, H) tail, 1000X. C, F, I) NID 3675 (group 17), Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, C) entire, 400X, F) head, 1000X, I) tail, 1000X.

FIGURE 15 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 15. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Neoplecostomus espiritosantensis; (B) Neoplecostomus microps; (C) Neoplecostomus pirangaensis; (D) Oligosarcus acutirostris; (E) Oligosarcus argenteus; (F) Oligosarcus macrolepis; (G) Oligosarcus solitarius; (H) Ophthalmolebias bokermanni; (I) Ophthalmolebias ilheusensis; (J) Ophthalmolebias perpendicularis; (K) Ophthalmolebias rosaceus; (L) Ophthalmolebias suzarti; (M) Otothyris lophophanes; (N) Otothyris travassosi; (O) Pachyurus adspersus; (P) Paragenidens grandoculis; (Q) Pareiorhaphis bahiana; (R) Pareiorhaphis lineata; (S) Pareiorhaphis lophia; (T) Pareiorhaphis mucurina.

FIGURE 14 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 14. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Megaleporinus garmani; (B) Megaleporinus reinhardti; (C) Microcambeva draco; (D) Microcambeva jucuensis; (E) Microcambeva mucuriensis; (F) Microcambeva watu; (G) Microglanis minutus; (H) Microglanis parahybae; (I) Microglanis pataxo; (J) Microlepidogaster discus; (K) Microlepidogaster roseae; (L) Mimagoniates microlepis; (M) Mimagoniates sylvicola; (N) Moenkhausia costae; (O) Moenkhausia diamantina; (P) Moenkhausia vittata; (Q) Mucurilebias leitaoi; (R) Nematocharax varii; (S) Nematocharax venustus; (T) Neoplecostomus doceensis.

FIGURE 13 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 13. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Ituglanis cahyensis; (B) Ituglanis paraguassuensis; (C) Ituglanis parahybae; (D) Ituglanis payaya; (E) Kalyptodoras bahiensis; (F) Kolpotocheirodon figueiredoi; (G) Kryptolebias ocellatus; (H) Lepidocharax burnsi; (I) Lepidocharax diamantina; (J) Leporinus bahiensis; (K) Leporinus melanopleura; (L) Leporinus melanopleurodes; (M) Leporinus taeniatus; (N) Lignobrycon myersi; (O) Loricariichthys castaneus; (P) Loricariichthys melanurus; (Q) Megaleporinus brinco; (R) Megaleporinus conirostris; (S) Megaleporinus elongatus; (T) Megaleporinus gaiero.

FIGURE 11 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 11. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Harttia intermontana; (B) Harttia loricariformis; (C) Hasemania piatan; (D) Hemigrammus brevis; (E) Hemigrammus marginatus; (F) Henochilus wheatlandii; (G) Hirtella carinata; (H) Hisonotus thayeri; (I) Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus; (J) Hoplias brasiliensis; (K) Hoplias intermedius; (L) Hoplias aff. malabaricus; (M) Hoplosternum littorale; (N) Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus; (O) Hyphessobrycon brumado; (P) Hyphessobrycon itaparicensis; (Q) Hyphessobrycon micropterus; (R) Hyphessobrycon negodagua; (S) Hyphessobrycon parvellus; (T) Hyphessobrycon veredus.

FIGURE 12 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 12. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Hyphessobrycon vinaceus; (B) Hypomasticus copelandii; (C) Hypomasticus mormyrops; (D) Hypomasticus santanai; (E) Hypomasticus steindachneri; (F) Hypomasticus thayeri; (G) Hypostomus affinis; (H) Hypostomus auroguttatus; (I) Hypostomus brevicauda; (J) Hypostomus jaguar; (K) Hypostomus leucophaeus; (L) Hypostomus nigrolineatus; (M) Hypostomus scabriceps; (N) Hypostomus unae; (O) Hypostomus wuchereri; (P) Hypsolebias nudiorbitatus; (Q) Hypsolebias ocellatus; (R) Imparfinis borodini; (S) Imparfinis minutus; (T) Ituglanis agreste.

FIGURE 10 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 10. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Eigenmannia sp.; (B) Erythrinus erythrinus; (C) Euryochus thysanos; (D) Geophagus cf. brasiliensis; (E) Geophagus diamantinensis; (F) Geophagus itapicuruensis; (G) Geophagus multiocellus; (H) Geophagus obscurus; (I) Geophagus rufomarginatus; (J) Geophagus santosi; (K) Glanidium botocudo; (L) Glanidium melanopterum; (M) Glaphyropoma rodriguesi; (N) Glaphyropoma spinosum; (O) Gymnotus bahianus; (P) Gymnotus capitimaculatus; (Q) Gymnotus aff. carapo; (R) Gymnotus interruptus; (S) Gymnotus cf. pantherinus; (T) Harttia garavelloi.

FIGURE 7 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 7. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Astyanax turmalinensis; (B) Astyanax varii; (C) Astyanax vermilion; (D) Atlantirivulus depressus; (E) Atlantirivulus nudiventris; (F) Atlantirivulus unaensis; (G) Australoheros ipatinguensis; (H) Australoheros oblongus; (I) Brycon dulcis; (J) Brycon ferox; (K) Brycon howesi; (L) Brycon insignis; (M) Brycon opalinus; (N) Brycon vermelha; (O) Brycon vonoi; (P) Callichthys callichthys; (Q) Cetopsorhamdia iheringi; (R) Characidium bahiense; (S) Characidium clistenesi; (T) Characidium cricarense.

FIGURE 6 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 6. Distribution maps of native freshwater fishes occurring in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Acentronichthys leptos; (B) Acestrorhynchus falcatus; (C) Acestrorhynchus lacustris; (D) Acinocheirodon melanogramma; (E) Ammoglanis multidentatus; (F) Anablepsoides bahianus; (G) Ancistrus multispinis; (H) Apareiodon itapicuruensis; (I) Aspidoras kiriri; (J) Aspidoras maculosus; (K) Aspidoras psammatides; (L) Astyanax brevirhinus; (M) Astyanax brucutu; (N) Astyanax epiagos; (O) Astyanax jacobinae; (P) Astyanax lorien; (Q) Astyanax microschemos; (R) Astyanax pardensis; (S) Astyanax rupestris; (T) Astyanax sincora.

FIGURE 5 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 5. Bioregions of the freshwater ichthyofauna of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, their main drainages and supporting species.

FIGURE 3 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 3. Sample of Siluriformes species (Auchenipteridae and Loricariidae) endemic to the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Glanidium botocudo (Photo by Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro 2013c), (B) Euryochus thysanos (Photo by Pereira & Reis 2017); (C) Hirtella carinata (Photo by Pereira et al. 2014); (D) Pareiorhaphis lineata (Photo by Pereira et al. 2017); (E) Pareiorhaphis lophia (Photo by Pereira & Zanata 2014); (F) Pareiorhaphis mucurina (Photo by Pereira et al. 2018); (G) Pareiorhaphis nasuta (Photo by Pereira et al. 2007); (H) Pareiorhaphis proskynita (Photo by Pereira & Britto 2012); (I) Pareiorhaphis ruschii (Photo by Pereira et al. 2012); (J) Pareiorhaphis scutula (Photo by Pereira et al. 2010); (K) Pareiorhaphis vetula (Photo by Pereira et al. 2016); (L) Parotocinclus adamanteus (Photo by Pereira et al. 2019); (M) Hypostomus jaguar (Photo by Zanata et al. 2013); (N) Hypostomus leucophaeus (Photo by Zanata & Pitanga 2016).

FIGURE 2 in Freshwater fishes of the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion, Brazil: an updated checklist with distributional patterns of a highly endemic ichthyofauna

FIGURE 2. Sample of Characiformes species endemic to the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion. (A) Hypomasticus santanai, (B) Leporinus bahiensis, (C) Leporinus melanopleurodes, (D) Megaleporinus brinco, (E) Megaleporinus gaiero (Photos by J.L.O. Birindelli); (F) Brycon dulcis; (G) Brycon ferox; (H) Brycon howesi; (I) Brycon vermelha; (J) Brycon vonoi (Photos by Lima 2017); (K) Astyanax brucutu (Photo by Zanata et al. 2017); (L) Astyanax epiagos; (M) Astyanax jacobinae (Photos by Zanata & Camelier 2008); (N) Astyanax lorien; (O) Astyanax rupestris (Photos by Zanata et al. 2018); (P) Astyanax varii (Photo by Zanata et al. 2019); (Q) Astyanax vermillion; (R) Deuterodon burgerai (Photos by Zanata & Camelier 2009); (S) Hasemania piatan (Photo by Zanata & Serra 2010); (T) Hyphessobrycon brumado (Photo by Zanata & Camelier 2010); (U) Characidium deludens (Photo by Zanata & Camelier 2015); (V) Characidium helmeri (Photo by Zanata et al. 2015); (W) Characidium kamakan (Photo by Zanata & Camelier 2015); (X) Characidium samurai (Photo by Zanata & Camelier 2014).