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FIGURE 4. Leptochiton milwaukensis n in The chitons of the family Leptochitonidae (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Emperor Seamounts, Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 4. Leptochiton milwaukensis n. sp., Pacific Ocean, Emperor Seamounts, Milwaukee Seamount, 675 m, holotype (ZIN 2473) BL 3.4 mm. A. Sutural needle, dorsal and ventral scales. B. Central, first lateral and major lateral teeth in non-working part of radula. C. Teeth in working (above) and in non-working (below) parts of radula. D. Central, first lateral and major lateral teeth in working part of radula.

FIGURE 3. Leptochiton milwaukensis n in The chitons of the family Leptochitonidae (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Emperor Seamounts, Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 3. Leptochiton milwaukensis n. sp., Pacific Ocean, Emperor Seamounts, Milwaukee Seamount, 675 m, holotype (ZIN 2473) BL 3.4 mm. A. Dorsal scales, marginal needles. B. Dorsal scales, marginal needles and scales. C. Sutural needles. D. Dorsal and ventral scales.

FIGURE 2. Leptochiton milwaukensis n in The chitons of the family Leptochitonidae (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Emperor Seamounts, Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 2. Leptochiton milwaukensis n. sp., Pacific Ocean, Emperor Seamounts, Milwaukee Seamount, 675 m, holotype (ZIN 2473) BL 3.4 mm. A. Valve I, dorsal view. B. Valve V, dorsal view. C. Valve IV, dorsal view. D. Valve II, dorsal view. E. Valve V, detail of tegmentum in central area. F. Valve V, rostral view. G. Whole specimen, dorsal and lateral views.

FIGURE 6 in The chitons of the family Leptochitonidae (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Emperor Seamounts, Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 6. Belknapchiton belknapi, Pacific Ocean, Emperor Seamounts, Nintoku Seamount, 1150 m, BL 5.0 mm. A. Valve I, dorsal view. B. Valve V, dorsal view. C. Valve VIII, dorsal view. D. Valve IV, ventral view. E. Valve V, detail of tegmentum in central area. F. Valve VIII, lateral view. G. Valve V, rostral view.

FIGURE 5. Leptochiton milwaukensis n in The chitons of the family Leptochitonidae (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Emperor Seamounts, Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 5. Leptochiton milwaukensis n. sp., Pacific Ocean, Emperor Seamounts, Milwaukee Seamount, 675 m, holotype (ZIN 2473) BL 3.4 mm. A. Sutural needle. B. Dorsal scales, dorsal and lateral views. C. Marginal needle. D. Marginal scale. E. Ventral scale. F, G. Aesthete group (which area). H. Head of major lateral teeth. I. Central and first lateral teeth of radula in non working part. J. Central and first lateral teeth of radula in working part of radula. Scale bar 100 µm.

FIGURE 1 in The chitons of the family Leptochitonidae (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) from the Emperor Seamounts, Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 1. Map with locations of the Emperor Seamounts explored during the 33rd cruise of the R/V Odyssey in 1984.

FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n in Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n. sp. A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of Geodia arma, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters.

FIGURE 3. A in Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 3. A, SEM photo of the bottom-side of a cortex peel. Dichotriaenes are embedded in the cortex with their cladomes. Rhabdomes reach into the choanosome. B, SEM photo of different spicule types of Erylus imperator. Oxeas, aspidasters and oxyasters are visible. C, Close-up of oval aspidaster. At upper margin of aspidaster an oxyaster with only one remaining ray, resembling a tylostyle, is visible. D, Oxyasters with different numbers of reduced rays. Reduced rays often visible as rounded knobs. Left margin shows part of an oxeon. E, Close-up of tylostyle-like, single-rayed oxyaster. F, Centrotylote microstrongyle at the ornamented surface of an aspidaster.

FIGURE 2. Erylus imperator n in Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 2. Erylus imperator n. sp. A, Holotype. Group of circular apertures in the center, cortex with a lighter colour than the choanosome visible at lower left. B, Light microscopic section perpendicular to surface. Densely packed aspidasters of the cortex visible as dark band on the right. C, Cladome of dichotriaene, aspidaster and several oxyasters. D, Calthrops like triaenes. E, Style from lower left side to upper right side between apidasters and oxyasters. F, Light microscopic section parallel to the surface of the cortex. Anisomicrostrongyles, often centrotylote are restricted to the cortex.

FIGURE 5. A in Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 5. A, Developmental stage of sterraster with some oxyasters and tylasters on the surface. B, Adult sterraster With both types of asters on the surface C, SEM photo sterraster with the hilum visible at the narrow side. D, Surface rosettes of sterrasters with both types of asters. E, SEM photo of oxyaster, showing the microacanthose rays. F, SEM photo of tylaster.

FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean

FIGURE 1. Map of the Emperor Seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean showing the location of two new species of demosponges collected during this study. Taxa are as follows: Erylus imperator n. sp. (red circle) and Geodia arma n. sp. (yellow circles).

Figure 24. Stirpulina ramosa. A in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa

Figure 24. Stirpulina ramosa. A transverse section through one of the kidneys showing a posterior pedal retractor muscle and its connection with a cerebro-pleural – visceral ganglia connective. C-P-V-CONN, cerebropleural – visceral ganglia connective; DK, distal limb of the kidney; PPR, posterior pedal retractor muscle.

Figure 25. Stirpulina ramosa. A in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa

Figure 25. Stirpulina ramosa. A section through the hypobranchial gland lining the supra-branchial chamber. ECC, epithelial ciliated cell; EGC, epithelial gland cell; GC, gland cells.

Figure 22 in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa

Figure 22. Stirpulina ramosa. The organs of the pericardium, as seen from the right side. AU/PG, auricle and pericardial gland; CA, ctenidial axis; GA, gonadial aperture; ID, inner demibranch; IID, inner surface of the inner demibranch; K, kidney; OV, ovary; P, pericardium; PA, posterior adductor muscle; PALID, point of attachment of the ascending lamella of the inner demibranch to the visceral mass; PPR, posterior pedal retractor muscle; R, rectum; REA, renal aperture; RPA, reno-pericardial aperture; T, testis; V, ventricle; VD, vas deferens.

Figure 8 in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa

Figure 8. Stirpulina ramosa. The internal structure of the anterior tube in the region around the left shell valve embedded within it. AA, anterior adductor muscle scar; APR, anterior pedal retractor muscle scar; AVG, anterior (left) valve growth; CL, clasts; IL, internal lip of the adventitious tube; JS, juvenile shell; PA, posterior adductor muscle scar; PE, periostracum; PEM, pallial elevator muscle scar; PL, pallial line; PLE, sutured pleat in tube; PPR, posterior pedal retractor muscle scar; PS, pallial sinus; PVG, posterior (left) valve growth.

Figure 19. Stirpulina ramosa. A in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa

Figure 19. Stirpulina ramosa. A, the anus as seen from the dorsal aspect. B, the anal opening as seen from the posterior aspect. C, the paired visceral ganglia beneath the anterior end of the anal sheath, as seen from the ventral aspect. AN, anus; ANN, anal nerve; AP, anal papilla; CAN, ctenidial axis nerve; CP-VG, cerebro-pleural – visceral ganglia connective; SN, siphonal nerve; VG, visceral ganglia.

Figure 14 in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa

Figure 14. Stirpulina ramosa. The organs of the mantle cavity as seen from the right side. ES, exhalant siphon; F, foot; IBC, infra-branchial chamber; ID, inner demibranch; IS, inhalant siphon; LAP, labial palp; OD, outer demibranch; PE, periostracum; SBC, suprabranchial chamber; VM, visceral mass.

Figure 15. Stirpulina ramosa. Transverse sections through A in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa

Figure 15. Stirpulina ramosa. Transverse sections through A, the ctenidial axis and B, the junction between the ascending lamella of the outer demibranch with the mantle. ALOD, ascending lamella of the outer demibranch; BBV, branchial blood vessel; BC, blood cells; BN, branchial nerve; CAFG, ctenidial axis food groove; CJ, cuticular junction; ME, mantle epithelium; N, nerve.

Figure 13. Stirpulina ramosa. A in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa

Figure 13. Stirpulina ramosa. A transverse section through the pedal gape. IMF, inner mantle fold; LML, left mantle lobe; MMF, middle mantle fold; OMF, outer mantle fold; PE, periostracum; PEG, periostracal groove; PG, pedal gape; PL, pallial line; RML, right mantle lobe; RT, rejection tract.

Figure 18 in A cadaver unearthed: the anatomy of the Japanese living fossil Stirpulina ramosa (Bivalvia: Anomalodesmata: Clavagellidae) - the unique specimen in the collections of Emperor Shōwa

Figure 18. Stirpulina ramosa. The course of the intestine in the visceral mass, heart and kidney. AA, anterior adductor muscle; AN, anus; APR, anterior pedal retractor muscle; CA, ctenidial axis; CSS/MG, conjoined style sac and mid gut; DD, digestive diverticulae; F, foot; H, heart; HG, hind gut; ID, inner demibranch; K, kidney; M, mouth; MG, mid gut; O, oesophagus; OV, ovary; PA, posterior adductor muscle; PALID, point of attachment of the ascending lamella of the inner demibranch to the visceral mass; PPR, posterior pedal retractor muscle; R, rectum; ST, stomach; T, testis; VD, vas deferens; VM, visceral mass.