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Text-fig. 5. Extant Fraxinus fruits photographed by digital camera and X-ray microscopy. a: F. excelsior L. (Sect. Fraxinus); b: F. xanthoxyloides WALL. (Sect. Sciadanthus); c: F. malacophylla HEMSL. (Sect. Ornus). Red arrow refers to the air sac above seed, scale bars = 1 cm. in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) Fruits From The Early Oligocene Of Southwest China And Their Biogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 5. Extant Fraxinus fruits photographed by digital camera and X-ray microscopy. a: F. excelsior L. (Sect. Fraxinus); b: F. xanthoxyloides WALL. (Sect. Sciadanthus); c: F. malacophylla HEMSL. (Sect. Ornus). Red arrow refers to the air sac above seed, scale bars = 1 cm.
Text-fig. 10. Extant pans east of Inhaminga (18°26′28″'S: 35°35′45″E) surrounded by woodland. The pans typically have an arid, vegetation-free, marginal zone and a water-logged sump. Some pans are connected to each other by shallow overflow valleys. Image modified from Google Earth. in Stratigraphy, Chronology And Palaeontology Of The Tertiary Rocks Of The Cheringoma Plateau, Mozambique
Text-fig. 10. Extant pans east of Inhaminga (18°26′28″'S: 35°35′45″E) surrounded by woodland. The pans typically have an arid, vegetation-free, marginal zone and a water-logged sump. Some pans are connected to each other by shallow overflow valleys. Image modified from Google Earth.
Text-fig. 5. Vegetation zones in P. R. China (Editorial Committee of Vegetation Map of China, The Chinese Academy of Sciences 2007), and assumed location of extant reference vegetation type of Wiesa fossil assemblage (rectangle), as revealed from qualitative floristic analysis. Extant reference vegetation type present in southern belt of zone of subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, with minor overlap into zone of tropical forest. in Assessment Of Phytogeographic Reference Regions For Cenozoic Vegetation: A Case Study On The Miocene Flora Of Wiesa (Germany)
Text-fig. 5. Vegetation zones in P. R. China (Editorial Committee of Vegetation Map of China, The Chinese Academy of Sciences 2007), and assumed location of extant reference vegetation type of Wiesa fossil assemblage (rectangle), as revealed from qualitative floristic analysis. Extant reference vegetation type present in southern belt of zone of subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest, with minor overlap into zone of tropical forest.
Figure 9 in Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia
Figure 9. Comparison of underparts and underwing patterns of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata (n = 30), off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (top row) and New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana (n = 43), Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, November 2018 (bottom row). Variation is scored into four main types for each species, from the heaviest marked (score 1) to lightest marked (score 4). Underparts streaking Both species can show similar coverage of streaking on the white belly and a tendency for denser and / or thicker streaks on the flanks. Score 1 for F. lineata (23.3% of birds) is uniquely patterned, with continuous and dense rows of oval dapples, rather than straighter lines of F. maoriana. Score 2 for F. lineata (36.7%) is the most common and similar to the coverage and shape of streaking as the similarly common score 2 for F. maoriana (34.9%). Streaking on F. lineata tends to be denser and bolder giving the impression it is wider. The unstreaked belly area tends to be cleaner white in F. maoriana. Border of dark breast The border in F. lineata is positioned higher than in F. maoriana, towards the centre of the upper breast, creating a rounder and less straight border than F. maoriana. Underwing pattern In F. lineata, the dark leading edge to the inner wing involves lesser secondary-coverts. The longest of these have partially dark bases creating a characteristic ragged border, with strongly marked bases in 83.3%, limited dark bases in the remaining 16.7%. By contrast, the dark leading edge in F. maoriana invariably shows a clear-cut border on the coverts, only occasionally with a few dark spots in the longest lesser coverts, and never forming a continuous ragged border as in F. lineata. Usually, some greater secondary-coverts and most / all greater primary-coverts in F. lineata have broad dark centres. Thus, the white underwing panel of F. lineata is noticeably less extensive than in F. maoriana (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project)
Figure 3 in Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia
Figure 3. Means of six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) of small White-bellied Storm Petrels Fregetta grallaria (all taxa aggregated), New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata, New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan, and Black-bellied Storm Petrel F. tropica (for methodology see main text).
Figure 8 in Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia
Figure 8. Comparison of 'streaked' White-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta g. grallaria with New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana and New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata. (A) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, Australia, April 2019 (David Newell, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (B) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, February 2017 (Mark Lethlean, www.birdlifephotography.org.au). (C) White-bellied Storm Petrel, Lord Howe Island, date unknown (Jack Shick, www.lhirodenteradicationproject. org/plants-animals/birds). (D) New Zealand Storm Petrel, Hauraki Gulf, North Island, New Zealand, November 2018 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (E) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). (F) New Caledonian Storm Petrel, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project). Rarely, individuals of all populations of F. grallaria have limited fine streaking, for example (A) and (B), narrow and close to feather shafts, never in rows of oval dapples characteristic of F. lineata, for example (E) and (F), or forming straighter lines characteristic of F. maoriana (D). A few extreme examples of F. g. grallaria from Lord Howe possess broader flanks streaking, e.g. (C), but never covering the whole belly.
Figure 2 in Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia
Figure 2. The five historic and one recently discovered museum specimens of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata and New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana. (A) F. lineata, collected 1839, perhaps 23–25 November, Samoa by T. R. Peale during the US Explorer Expedition, held at National Museum of Natural History, Washington DC (USNM 15713). (B) F. lineata, collected 15 September 1922, presumably at sea, off Ua Pou Island, Marquesas Islands by R. H. Beck during the Whitney South Seas Expedition, held at American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH 194110). (C) F. maoriana, collected January–March 1827 by Quoy & Gaimard (1830) during first voyage of the Astrolabe, held at Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN C.G. 1829.254 (14393), C.G. 1829 (14372)). (D) F. maoriana, presented by George Carrick Steet of London in February 1895, possibly collected in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand (Bourne et al. 2004), held at the Natural History Museum, Tring (NHMUK 1895.2.11.1). (E) F. lineata (left) and Black-bellied Storm Petrel F. tropica (right), beach-cast, Stradbroke Island, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, held at Queensland Museum, Brisbane (respectively, QM 14391 collected July 1973; and QM 31216, collected 22 May 1999) (Vincent Bretagnolle, except D: Mark Adams, © Natural History Museum, London)
Figure 7 in Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia
Figure 7. New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata, off Nouméa, New Caledonia, January 2020 (Hadoram Shirihai, © Tubenoses Project)
Figure 1 in Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia
Figure 1. Map showing all locations mentioned in the text, including the breeding location of New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana; and the locations where specimens of New Caledonian Storm Petrel F. lineata were collected, at-sea sightings made, and the fledgling found. There has been discussion about the origin of the specimen NHMUK 1895.2.11.1 (Galbreath 2018).
Figure 6 in Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia
Figure 6. Comparative measurements of New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata (black), White-bellied Storm Petrel F. grallaria (red) and Black-bellied Storm Petrel F. tropica (green). Data are presented as a correlation matrix for each pair of morphometric variables, with the diagonal in the matrix showing the distribution of each variable per taxon. Colour chart as in Fig. 4F.
Figure 4 in Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia
Figure 4. Top row: results of Principal Component Analyses performed on six biometrics (bill width, bill depth at gonys, and culmen, wing, tail and tarsus lengths) taken from specimens of Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fregetta tropica (11 populations), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria (six populations), the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan (Rapa Island) and F. maoriana (New Zealand). The two Brisbane specimens and the specimens ('lineata') from Samoa and ('guttata') from Ua Pou were treated individually. (A) All taxa, plus the four museum specimens. (B) Same analysis performed on individual skins showing distinct taxa and breeding localities. (C) Same analysis for only the five recognised taxa. Bottom row: results of Discriminant Analyses performed on individual specimens from New Caledonian Storm Petrel 'Fregetta lineata' (a regrouping of 'lineata, guttata and QM 14391'), small White-bellied Storm Petrels F. grallaria, Black-bellied Storm Petrel F. tropica (including QM 31216), New Zealand Storm Petrel F. maoriana, and the large Titan Storm Petrel F. [g.] titan. (D) Grouped by nine breeding localities. (E) Same analysis performed on the five taxa as a priori groups. (F) Same analysis performed on a reduced set of taxa (lineata, grallaria and tropica). In all plots, each point represents a specimen, except in 4A.
Figure 10 in Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia
Figure 10. New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata, Port Bouraké, New Caledonia, 26 September 2014; the first documented fledgling; note traces of down on head, stripes on belly diagnostic of F. lineata, narrow white fringes on dorsal feathers and upperwing (the latter most typical of F. grallaria) (photographer unknown, images supplied by L. Renaudet)
Figure 11 in Fregetta lineata (Peale, 1848) is a valid extant species endemic to New Caledonia
Figure 11. New Caledonian Storm Petrel Fregetta lineata held at the American Museum of Natural History, New York (AMNH 194110); the annotations demonstrate that the middle toe and claw measure 32 mm, and the published measurement of 22 mm is incorrect (Hadoram Shirihai)
Data from: Genomic data provide insights into the classification of extant termites
<p>The higher classification of termites requires substantial revision as the Neoisoptera, the most diverse termite lineage, comprise many paraphyletic and polyphyletic higher taxa. Here, we produced an updated termite classification using genomic-scale analyses. We reconstructed phylogenies under diverse substitution models with ultraconserved elements analyzed as concatenated matrices or within the multi-species coalescence framework. Our classification is further supported by analyses controlling for rogue loci and taxa, and topological tests. We show that the Neoisoptera are composed of seven family-level monophyletic lineages, including the Heterotermitidae Froggatt, Psammotermitidae Holmgren, and Termitogetonidae Holmgren, raised from subfamilial rank. The species-rich Termitidae are composed of 18 subfamily-level monophyletic lineages, including the new subfamilies Crepititermitinae, Cylindrotermitinae, Forficulitermitinae, Neocapritermitinae, Protohamitermitinae, and Promirotermitinae, and the revived Amitermitinae Kemner, Microcerotermitinae Holmgren, and Mirocapritermitinae Kemner. Building an updated taxonomic classification on the foundation of unambiguously supported monophyletic lineages makes it highly resilient to potential destabilization caused by the future availability of novel phylogenetic markers and methods. The taxonomic stability is further guaranteed by the modularity of the new termite classification, designed to accommodate as-yet undescribed species with uncertain affinities to the herein delimited monophyletic lineages in the form of new families or subfamilies.</p>
Figure 6 in The lungs of extinct and extant coelacanths: a morphological and histological review
Figure 6. – †Axelrodichthys araripensis from the Cretaceous of Brazil ("Josa collection"; specimen deposited at the MNHN, Paris). Sections of bony plates of the lung. A: Section of a bony plate showing the central artefactual fracture (black arrowheads), as on Latimeria plates (see Fig. 4A). B: Detail of a section of a bony plate showing the artefactual fracture (black arrowheads) and the Liesegang lines (black arrows) indi- cating a spheritic mineralization process. C: Section of a bony plate showing the histological organization with regu- lar collagenous layers and osteocytes with canalicles crossing the extracellular matrix. D: Horizontal ground section of a bony plate showing numerous star-shape osteocytes with cytoplasmic processes. Inset: detail of an osteocyte with its ramified canalicles. E: Ground section showing some large vascular cavities (white asterisks). F: Cross- ground section of a bony plate showing Liesegang lines (black arrowheads) and some mineralized spherules (black arrows). G: Horizontal ground section of a bony plate showing an osteocyte with its cytoplasmic processes (on the left, black arrow) and some mineralized spherules (on the right). Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B, C = 25 μm; D, F = 20 μm; inset D, E, G = 10 μm. Deposited at the Laboratoire de Paléontologie, MNHN, Paris.
Figure 7. – A-C in The lungs of extinct and extant coelacanths: a morphological and histological review
Figure 7. – A-C: †Axelrodichthys araripensis from the Cretaceous of Brazil ("Josa collection"; specimen deposited at the MNHN, Paris). SEM images of the bony plates of the lung. A: External view of bony plates of the lung. Succession of bony plates are visible on the right (white asterisk). B: Detail of the external surface of bony plates (see white asterisk of Fig. 7A). Each bumpy relief (white arrowheads) corresponds to a spheritic mineralization. C: Detail of a spheritic mineralized bulk. D: Detail of some mineralized spherules (arrowheads). An osteocyte is seen (white asterisk) with one osteocytic canalicle (white arrow). Scale bars: A = 200 μm; B, C = 20 μm; D = 5 μm. Deposited at the Laboratoire de Paléontologie, MNHN, Paris.
Figure 9 in The lungs of extinct and extant coelacanths: a morphological and histological review
Figure 9. – Protopterus dolloi. Drawing of the dorsal view of a reconstitution made from a series of frontal and transversal sections of the pharyngeal area of a larva. The pharynx (Ph) is massive and the lung (Lu) is coated by the mesentery (Me). BP: branchial pouchs, Br: brain, NC: nephrotic cavity, Oe: oesophagus, Op: opercular, Pn: pronephros, Vcl: left posterior vena cardinalis, Vcr: right posterior vena cardinalis, VE: vitellin endoblast. (Modified from Brien, 1964: fig. 7, p. 393).
Figure 3. – A in The lungs of extinct and extant coelacanths: a morphological and histological review
Figure 3. – A: Latimeria chalumnae. Specimen CCC5 (MNHN- ZA-AC-2012-3); Azocarmin preparation, from Millot et al. (1978). Cross section showing the vestigial lung, surrounded by four plates (arrowheads 1 to 4). Two lumen ramifications (lc) of the lung are seen (see Cupello et al., 2017a). The lumen of the lung is bordered by a monostratified epithelium (mu). mu = mucosa; oe = oesophagus; sm = sub-mucosa. B: †Axelrodichthys araripensis from the Cretaceous of Brazil, "Josa Collection" (specimen deposited at the MNHN, Paris). Transverse ground cross section of the calcified lung showing the imbricated plates (black arrow-heads) around the lumen (black asterisks) (after Clément, 1999: fig. 6). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 5 mm. Deposited at the Laboratoire de Paléontologie, MNHN, Paris.
Fig; 16 - MSNM i28026. Straight asymmetric wide trackway with an interior very light possible shell drag trace, diagnostic of fossil and extant land hermit crab walking traces (?Coenobichnus) (× 0.3). in Anomuran and brachyuran trackways and resting trace from the Pliocene of Valduggia (Piedmont, NW Italy): environmental, behavioural, and taphonomic implications
Fig; 16 - MSNM i28026. Straight asymmetric wide trackway with an interior very light possible shell drag trace, diagnostic of fossil and extant land hermit crab walking traces (?Coenobichnus) (× 0.3).
Figures 9–11. Leptorhyparus quadricornis. 9 in A new species of Leptorhyparus Howden, 2003 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Rhyparini) in amber from the Dominican Republic, with comments on extant species
Figures 9–11. Leptorhyparus quadricornis. 9) Head of holotype. 10–11) Lateral and dorsal view of L. quadricornis, paratype CEMT, line = 1.0 mm. Photos in Figures 10–11 by Vinícius Costa-Silva (CEMT).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.