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FIGURE 6 in New small-sized species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Paraguai basin, Brazil, with discussion on its generic allocation

FIGURE 6 | Type locality of Astyanax nobre, rio Salobra at Lago Azul, tributary of rio Cuiabá, rio Paraguai basin, 14º35'43.2"S 55º58'09.6"W, Nobres, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Photo by M. A. Junghans.

FIGURE 3 in New small-sized species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Paraguai basin, Brazil, with discussion on its generic allocation

FIGURE 3 | Live coloration of Astyanax nobre, paratypes, MZUSP 118302: A. Male; B. Female. Specimens not measured. Photo by W. Ohara.

FIGURE 5 in New small-sized species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Paraguai basin, Brazil, with discussion on its generic allocation

FIGURE 5 | Distribution map of Astyanax nobre in the rio Salobra, upper rio Paraguai basin, Brazil. Brown star (type locality).

FIGURE 2 in New small-sized species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Paraguai basin, Brazil, with discussion on its generic allocation

FIGURE 2 | Lateral view of right side, premaxillary, maxillary, and dentary of Astyanax nobre, MZUSP 118302, paratype. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in New small-sized species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Paraguai basin, Brazil, with discussion on its generic allocation

FIGURE 1 | Holotype of Astyanax nobre, MZUSP 125905, 25.6 mm SL, Brazil, Mato Grosso State, Municipality of Nobres, rio Paraguai basin, upper rio Salobra drainage.

FIGURE 4 in New small-sized species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Paraguai basin, Brazil, with discussion on its generic allocation

FIGURE 4 | Underwater photographs of wild specimens of Astyanax nobre at its type locality Recanto Ecológico Lagoa Azul, Bom Jardim district, Municipality of Nobres, Mato Grosso State, rio Salobra drainage, rio Paraguai basin: A. Pair of males; B. Pair of females. Details about differences between sexes can be found in Sexual dimorphism section. Photo by M. Melo.

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Mesophotic coral ecosystems of French Polynesia are hotspots of alpha and beta generic diversity for scleractinian assemblages

<p>Revealing how diversity varies across the depth gradient is key to understanding the role of mesophotic coral ecosystems in the functioning of coral reefs. We examined how alpha and beta generic diversity of scleractinian coral assemblages vary across a wide depth gradient for coral reefs. We studied generic diversity patterns of scleractinian corals at sixteen sites in eight islands of three archipelagos in French Polynesia, as derived from the analysis of photo-quadrats, across the seafloor from shallow to lower mesophotic depths (6 to 120 m) and on a wide geographic scale. Our sampling considered quantitative coral cover to explore the patterns of alpha and beta components of diversity across depth and horizontal space. We show that in French Polynesia, mesophotic coral ecosystems host higher alpha and beta generic diversity than shallow reefs despite decreasing coral cover with depth. The variation of coral genus richness across the depth gradient is mainly driven by a mid-domain effect with a peak at 40 m depth. At the same time, we found that the turnover of coral genera across islands (i.e., spatial beta diversity) increased steadily along the depth gradient. Our findings report the first quantitative results of coral cover and diversity from mesophotic coral ecosystems in French Polynesia and also present one of the few existing studies to examine the broad breadth of the mesophotic depth gradient. We demonstrate that mesophotic depths can host unexpectedly high generic richness of scleractinian coral assemblages. At the same time, we showed that increasing depth increases the differences in generic diversity composition across islands, whereas shallow reefs are similar in between. While a single island could conserve shallow regional biodiversity, mesophotic depths containing the richest diversity require site-specific measures, suggesting that considering these mesophotic depths in conservation is necessary to maintain regional diversity.</p>

Figs 43–49. 43 in A Revision Of The Palaearctic Species Of The Eugraphe Hübner, [1821] 1816 Generic Complex. Part I. The Genera Eugraphe And Goniographa (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Figs 43–49. 43 = Xestia (s. l.) hypographa sp. n., paratype, slide No. RL7542, posterior part in larger magnification; 44–45 = Eugraphe sigma (DENIS et SCHIFFERMÜLLER), slide No. RL7596: 44 = female genitalia, 45 = posterior part in larger magnification; 46–47 = Hypernaenia denticulata (WARREN), female genitalia, slide No. RL7560: 46 = posterior part, 47 = anterior part; 48–49 = "Eugraphe" versuta (PÜNGELER), slide No. RL7504: 48 = female genitalia, 49 = posterior part in

Figs 66–73. 66–67 in A Revision Of The Palaearctic Species Of The Eugraphe Hübner, [1821] 1816 Generic Complex. Part I. The Genera Eugraphe And Goniographa (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Figs 66–73. 66–67 = Xestia (s. l.) ornata (STAUDINGER): 66 = lectotype, 67 = female, Tadjikistan; 68–69 = X. (s. l.) hypographa sp. n.: 68 = holotype, 69 = paratype, female, Kirghisia; 70–71 = Hypernaenia denticulata (WARREN): 70 = male, 71 = female (both from NW Pakistan); 72–73 =

Figs 36–42. 36–37 in A Revision Of The Palaearctic Species Of The Eugraphe Hübner, [1821] 1816 Generic Complex. Part I. The Genera Eugraphe And Goniographa (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Figs 36–42. 36–37 = Goniographa marcida (CHRISTOPH), slide No. RL7477: 36 = female genitalia, 37 = posterior part in larger magnification; 38–40 = G. gyulaipeteri sp. n., paratypes: 38 = female genitalia, slide No. RL7501, 39–40 = posterior part in larger magnification (slide Nos RL7501, RL7502); 41 = Xestia (s. l.) ornata (STAUDINGER), slide No. RL7482, posterior part in larger magni-

Figs 18–23. 18–19 in A Revision Of The Palaearctic Species Of The Eugraphe Hübner, [1821] 1816 Generic Complex. Part I. The Genera Eugraphe And Goniographa (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Figs 18–23. 18–19 = Eugraphe sigma (DENIS et SCHIFFERMÜLLER), slide no. RL7595: 18 = genital capsula, 19 = aedeagus with vesica everted; 20–21 = Hypernaenia denticulata (WARREN, 1888), slide no. RL7559: 20 = genital capsula, 21 = aedeagus with vesica everted; 22–23 = "Eugraphe"

Figs 50–57. 50 in A Revision Of The Palaearctic Species Of The Eugraphe Hübner, [1821] 1816 Generic Complex. Part I. The Genera Eugraphe And Goniographa (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Figs 50–57. 50 = Eugraphe sigma (DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER) male,; 51–52 = Goniographa decussa (STAUDINGER): 51 = lectotype, 52 = female, Uzbekistan; 53–54 = G. discussa sp. n.: 53 = holotype, 54 = paratype female, Tadjikistan; 55 = G. shchetkini sp. n., holotype; 56–57 = Goniographa funkei (PÜNGELER): 56 = lectotype, 57 = female, Tadjikistan

Fig. 17. 17a in A Revision Of The Palaearctic Species Of The Eugraphe Hübner, [1821] 1816 Generic Complex. Part I. The Genera Eugraphe And Goniographa (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Fig. 17. 17a = Xestia (s.l.) ornata (STAUDINGER), slide No. VZ7047, 17b = X. (s.l.) hypographa sp. n., paratype, slide No. VZ7045

Figs 58–65. 58–59 in A Revision Of The Palaearctic Species Of The Eugraphe Hübner, [1821] 1816 Generic Complex. Part I. The Genera Eugraphe And Goniographa (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Figs 58–65. 58–59 = Goniographa metafunkei sp. n.: 58 = holotype, 59 = paratype male, Kirghisia; 60–61 = G. naumanni sp. n.: 60 = holotype, 61 = paratype female, Afghanistan; 62–63 = G. marcida (CHRISTOPH): 62 = male, Turkmenistan, 63 = female, NE Iran; 64–65 = G. gyulaipeteri sp. n.: 64 = holotype, 65 = paratype male, Tadjikistan

Figs 30–35. 30–31 in A Revision Of The Palaearctic Species Of The Eugraphe Hübner, [1821] 1816 Generic Complex. Part I. The Genera Eugraphe And Goniographa (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Figs 30–35. 30–31 = Goniographa funkei (PÜNGELER), slide No. RL7554: 30 = female genitalia, 31 = posterior part in larger magnification; 32–33 = G. metafunkei sp. n., holotype, slide No. RL7528: 32 = female genitalia, 33 = posterior part in larger magnification; 34–35 = G. naumanni sp. n.,

Figs 24–29. 24–25 in A Revision Of The Palaearctic Species Of The Eugraphe Hübner, [1821] 1816 Generic Complex. Part I. The Genera Eugraphe And Goniographa (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)

Figs 24–29. 24–25 = Goniographa decussa (STAUDINGER), slide No. RL7531: 24 = female genitalia, 25 = posterior part in larger magnification; 26–27 = G. discussa sp. n., paratype, slide No. RL7481: 26 = female genitalia; 27 = posterior part in larger magnification; 28–29 = G. shchetkini sp. n.,

Fig. 24 in Subtribal, Generic And Subgeneric Composition Of Darkling Beetles Of The Tribe Helopini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) In The Eastern Palaearctic Region

Fig. 24. Asialassus tsushimanus, male, holotype: A = habitus, B = protibia, laterally, C = protibia, ventrally, D = mesotibia, E = aedeagus, dorsal view, F = prothorax, ventral view, G =

Fig. 23 in Subtribal, Generic And Subgeneric Composition Of Darkling Beetles Of The Tribe Helopini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) In The Eastern Palaearctic Region

Fig. 23. Asialassus kimurai, details of structure, male: A = head, ventral view, B = prothorax, ventral view, C = prosternal process, D = protibia, ventrally

Fig. 21 in Subtribal, Generic And Subgeneric Composition Of Darkling Beetles Of The Tribe Helopini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) In The Eastern Palaearctic Region

Fig. 21. Asialassus kimurai, holotype and paratype: A = holotype, male, habitus, B = paratype, female, habitus, C = male protibia, dorsally, D = male protibia, ventrally, E = male mesotibia, F = male prothorax ventro-laterally, G = male prothorax, ventrally, H = aedea-

Fig. 19 in Subtribal, Generic And Subgeneric Composition Of Darkling Beetles Of The Tribe Helopini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) In The Eastern Palaearctic Region

Fig. 19. Asialassus amamiensis, holotype, female: A = habitus, B = protibia, C = prothorax, ventral view, D = labels of the holotype