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1,034 results for “HOT”
Forest inventory data from Finland and Sweden for: Demographic performance of European tree species at their hot and cold climatic edges, plus ancillary climate data
<p>1. Species range limits are thought to result from a decline in demographic performance at range edges. However, recent studies reporting contradictory patterns in species demographic performance at their edges cast doubt on our ability to predict climate change demographic impacts. To understand these inconsistent demographic responses at the edges, we need to shift the focus from geographic to climatic edges and analyse how species responses vary with climatic constraints at the edge and species' ecological strategy.</p> <p>2. Here we parameterised integral projection models with climate and competition effects for 27 tree species using forest inventory data from over 90,000 plots across Europe. Our models estimate size-dependent climatic responses and evaluate their effects on two life trajectory metrics: lifespan and passage time - the time to grow to a large size. Then we predicted growth, survival, lifespan, and passage time at the hot and dry or cold and wet edges and compared them to their values at the species climatic centre to derive indices of demographic response at the edge. Using these indices, we investigated whether differences in species demographic response between hot and cold edges could be explained by their position along the climate gradient and functional traits related to their climate stress tolerance.</p> <p>3. We found that at cold and wet edges of European tree species, growth and passage time were constrained, whereas at their hot and dry edges, survival and lifespan were constrained. Demographic constraints at the edge were stronger for species occurring in extreme conditions, i.e. in hot edges of hot-distributed species and cold edges of cold-distributed species. Species leaf nitrogen content was strongly linked to their demographic responses at the edge. In contrast, we found only weak links with wood density, leaf size, and xylem vulnerability to embolism.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. Our study presents a more complicated picture than previously thought with demographic responses that differ between hot and cold edges. Predictions of climate change impacts should be refined to include edge and species characteristics.</p>
Dataset - Hot spots of opportunity for improved cropland nitrogen management across the United States
<p>Dataset for manuscript "Hot spots of opportunity for improved cropland nitrogen management across the United States"</p>
Low immunogenicity of common cancer hot spot mutations resulting in false immunogenic selection signals
<p>Downstream data used for the analysis as reported in the corresponding manuscript.</p>
Data from: Root morphology and mycorrhizal type strongly influence root production in nutrient hot spots of mixed forests
1. Plants compete for nutrients using a range of strategies. We investigated nutrient foraging within nutrient hot-spots simultaneously available to plant species with diverse root traits. We hypothesized that there would be more root proliferation by thin-root species than by thick-root species, and that root proliferation by thin-root species would limit root proliferation by thick-root species. 2. We conducted a root ingrowth experiment in a temperate forest in eastern USA where root systems of different tree species could interact. Tree species varied in the thickness of their absorptive roots, and were associated with either ectomycorrhizal (EM) or arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Thus, there were thin- and thick-root AM and thin- and thick-root EM plant functional groups. Half the ingrowth cores were amended with organic nutrients (dried green leaves). Relative root length abundance, the proportion of total root length in a given soil volume occupied by a particular plant functional group, was calculated for the original root population and ingrowth roots after 6 months. 3. The shift in relative root length abundance from original to ingrowth roots was positive in thin-root species but negative in thick-root species (P < 0.001), especially in unamended patches (AM: +6% vs. -7%; EM: +8% vs. -9%). Being thin-rooted may thus allow a species to more rapidly recolonize soil after a disturbance, which may influence competition for nutrients. Moreover, we observed that nutrient additions amplified the shift in root length abundance of thin over thick roots in AM trees (+13% vs. -14%), but not in EM trees (+1% vs -3%). In contrast, phospholipid fatty acid biomarkers suggested that EM fungal hyphae strongly proliferated in nutrient hot-spots whereas AM fungal hyphae exhibited only modest proliferation. 4. We found no evidence that when growing in the shared patch, the proliferation of thin roots inhibited the growth of thick roots. 5. Synthesis. Knowledge of root morphology and mycorrhizal type of co-existing tree species may improve prediction of patch exploitation and nutrient acquisition in heterogeneous soils.
Data from: Stronger cooling effects of transpiration and morphology of the plants from a hot dry habitat than from a hot wet habitat
1. Leaf temperature exerts an important impact on the microenvironment and physiological processes of leaves. Plants from different habitats have different strategies to regulate leaf temperature. The relative importance of morphology and transpiration for leaf temperature regulation in the hot habitat is still unclear. 2. We investigated 22 leaf morphological traits, transpiration, and thermal properties of 38 canopy species of seedlings in a greenhouse, including 18 dominant species from a hot wet habitat (HW) and 20 dominant species from a hot dry habitat (HD). To separate the impact of transpiration and morphology on leaf temperature, we measured the diurnal courses of leaf temperatures with and without transpiration. The temperature of a reference leaf beside each individual was measured simultaneously to render temperatures comparable. 3. Generally, the species from HD showed lower leaf temperatures than the species from HW under the same conditions. Both transpiration capacity and cooling effect of leaf morphology were stronger for the plants from HD. Active transpiration provides a suitable thermal environment for photosynthesis, while xeromorphic leaves can dampen heat stress when transpiration is suppressed. Higher vein density and stomatal pore area index (SPI) facilitated higher transpiration capacity of the plants from HD. Meanwhile, shorter leaves and thinner lower epidermis of the plants from HD were more efficient in heat transfer, although relationships were much weaker than the synergic effect of all the morphologic traits. 4. Our results confirmed that transpiration and leaf morphology provided double insurance for avoiding overheating, particularly for plant from HD. We emphasize that transpiration is a more effective way to cool leaves than morphology when water is sufficient, which may be an important adaptation for plant from HD where rainfall is sporadic. Our results provide further insight into the relationship between morphology and transpiration for the regulation of leaf temperature, and the co-evolution of gas exchange and thermal regulation of leaves.
Data from: Leaf-cutter ants engineer large nitrous oxide hot spots in tropical forests
Though tropical forest ecosystems are among the largest natural sources of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), the spatial distribution of emissions across landscapes is often poorly resolved. Leaf-cutter ants (LCA, Atta and Acromyrmex, Myrmicinae) are dominant herbivores throughout Central and South America and influence multiple aspects of forest structure and function. In particular, their foraging creates spatial heterogeneity by concentrating large quantities of organic matter (including nitrogen, N) from the surrounding canopy into their colonies, and ultimately, into colony refuse dumps. Here, we demonstrate that refuse piles created by LCA species Atta colombica in tropical rainforests of Costa Rica provide ideal conditions for extremely high rates of N2O production (high microbial biomass, potential denitrification enzyme activity, N content, and anoxia), and may represent an unappreciated source of heterogeneity in tropical forest N2O emissions. Average instantaneous refuse pile N2O fluxes surpassed background emissions by more than three orders of magnitude (in some cases exceeding 80,000 μg N2O-N m-2 h-1) and generating fluxes comparable to or greater than those produced by engineered systems such as wastewater treatment tanks. Refuse-concentrating Atta species are ubiquitous in tropical forests, pastures and production ecosystems, and increase density strongly in response to disturbance. As such, LCA colonies may represent an unrecognised greenhouse gas point source throughout the Neotropics.
Bars-Hot Pagoda
The pagoda is located near the settlement of Bars-Hot (Kherlen-Bars) in Dorond Aimak. Dates from the 11th century ad. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Hot spots and hot moments of greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural peatlands
<p>Drained agricultural peatlands occupy only 1% of agricultural land but are estimated to be responsible for approximately one-third of global cropland greenhouse gas emissions. However, recent studies show that greenhouse gas fluxes from agricultural peatlands can vary by orders of magnitude over time. The relationship between these hot moments (individual fluxes with disproportionate impact on annual budgets) of greenhouse gas emissions and individual chamber locations (i.e. hot spots with disproportionate observations of hot moments) is poorly understood but may help elucidate patterns and drivers of high greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural peatland soils. We used continuous chamber-based flux measurements across three land uses (corn, alfalfa, and pasture) to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of soil greenhouse gas emissions from temperate agricultural peatlands in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta of California. We found that the location of hot spots of emissions varied over time and were not consistent across annual timescales. Hot moments of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) fluxes were more evenly distributed across space than methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). In the corn system, hot moments of CH<sub>4</sub> flux were often isolated to a single location but locations were not consistent across years. Spatiotemporal variability in soil moisture, soil oxygen, and temperature helped explain patterns in N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes in the annual corn agroecosystem but was less informative for perennial alfalfa N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes or CH<sub>4</sub> fluxes across ecosystems, potentially due to insufficient spatiotemporal resolution of the associated drivers. Overall, our results do not support the concept of persistent hot spots of soil CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in these drained agricultural peatlands. Hot moments of high flux events generally varied in space and time and thus required high sample densities. Our results highlight the importance of constraining hot moments and their controls to better quantify ecosystem greenhouse gas budgets.</p>
Model outputs for "Modeling the day-night temperature variations of ultra-hot Jupiters: confronting non-grey general circulation models and observations"
<p>SPARC/MITgcm general circulation model outputs, including temperature structure, atomic hydrogen mixing ratio, winds, and time-resolved spectra produced by PICASO, for the paper "<strong>Modeling the day-night temperature variations of ultra-hot Jupiters: confronting non-grey general circulation models and observations" </strong>by Tan et al. (2023). </p><p>Plotting scripts in Matlab for almost all figures in the paper are provided. These scripts can be modified to read out and plot any outputs that are not shown in the paper. </p>
Mercy Hot Springs
This building is old , but the fancy ends are new. This hot spring was occupied by native Americas, Spanish, and now Anglos off Rout 5 in Central CA. Created in RealityCapturefrom 57 images in 00h:12m:00s. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Hot Water Can
Metallic hot water can with a hinged, half lid and handles on the lid, top and back. Added to Timespan's collection in 1988. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Raw data: The novel gammaproteobacterial methanotroph "Ca. Methylocalor cossyra" CH1 actively coexists with verrucomicrobial methanotrophs in acidic and hot geothermal soil
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The alignments of chloroplast genome sequences and nuclear ribosomal DNA fragments of six oak species sampled in the hot-dry valley of the Jinsha River, southwestern China
<p>Both chloroplast (cp) genome sequences and nuclear ribosomal (nr) DNA were assembled using GetOrganelle v.1.7.6.1 for 18 oak trees sampled in the Panzhihua Cycad National Nature Reserve, Sichuan Province, China. These trees belong to six oak species, including Quercus cocciferoides, Q. dolicholepis, Q. franchetii, Q. griffithii, Q. longispica, and Q. variabilis. We used PhyloSuite v.1.1.152 to extract coding sequences (CDSs), tRNA genes, rRNA genes, introns, and intergenic spacers (IGSs) of the 18 oak cp genomes. These sequences were aligned separately using MAFFT v.7.3.13 and manually adjusted with BioEdit v.7.2.5. Length variations in mononucleotide repeats were excluded and inversions were replaced with their reverse complements because of their tendency for homoplasy. Other indels were coded as binary characters according to the simple gap coding method using GapCoder. Separate assignments were concatenated according to their respective positions in the cp genome to obtain the alignments of LSC, SSC, IRb, and the whole cp genome.</p>
High-Speed Camera Videos of Electrical Arc During Hot Switching Tests
<p>This repository contains high-speed camera videos showing the ignition, evolution, and extinguishing of electrical arcs generated by a single break operation. The videos were acquired to obtain a better understanding of the phenomenon of primary arcing prior to the ignition of the main arc. The electrical arcs were generated by a break operation (hot switching) between two electrodes. The static electrode is a hard-gold coated silver-nickel core rivet. The moving electrode consists of different electrical contact materials. Namely: pure silver and copper electrodes (obtained from high-purity rod material, Ag rod and Cu rod), powder metallurgically sintered silver and copper reference samples (Ag0 and Cu0), as well as carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composites (Ag1, Ag2, Ag, Cu1, Cu2, and Cu3, where the number indicates the weight percentage of carbon nanotubes). Well-established reference materials were also recorded, i.e., Ag-Ni 90-10, Ag-SnO2 92-8, Ag-SnO2 90-10, and Ag-SnO2 88-12. The electrical load consisted of four 50 W conventional automotive halogen lamps (direct current).</p>
Data from: Recreational vessel networks reveal potential hot spots for marine pest introduction and spread
<p>Recreational vessels are an important pathway for spreading marine non-indigenous species (NIS) around coastal environments globally. However, most vessels are not tracked, limiting our ability to map their movements and identify locations at greater risk of NIS introductions. Using New Zealand as a case study, we quantified spread and risk patterns of recreational vessel movements, using a web-based survey allowing the more than 1,800 respondents to map significant trips with over 12,000 visits. These vessel routes were used to build a network model representing nationwide recreational vessel movements. Two proxies were used to quantify the risk of introduction of marine NIS: (i) incoming hull length and (ii) cumulative residency periods at sites. There was significant variation in the distances travelled, the destinations they visited, and the duration of their stays. New Zealand's recreational boating network contained 317 destinations with over 4,000 unique connections, concentrated within two distinct areas of the country. Network-based metrics and risk proxies quantified the relative importance of domestic locations as incursion or spreading hubs for NIS. This approach highlighted several areas that pose high relative biosecurity risk within the national network, but are underrepresented within current surveillance programmes. Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates how the movement dynamics of recreational vessels can be quantified at a regional scale to inform proactive management. The identification of spreading hubs and locations at particular risk of NIS introductions, enables managers to design risk-based and effective surveillance and monitoring programmes. Our network-based approach to determine the biosecurity implications posed by recreational vessels is transferable to other parts of the world. It enables managers to understand the distribution of risk within an area of interest (e.g., a jurisdiction) and develop optimised approaches for mitigating impact.</p>
Data for "Extreme Weather Variability on Hot Rocky Exoplanet 55 Cancri e Explained by Magma Temperature-Cloud Feedback"
<p>Data supporting "Extreme Weather Variability on Hot Rocky Exoplanet 55 Cancri e Explained by Magma Temperature-Cloud Feedback" by Loftus*, Luo*, Fan, & Kite (2025). </p> <p>* Note, these authors contributed equally.</p>
Dissipation-enhanced collapse singularity of a nonlocal fluid of light in a hot atomic vapor
<p>This repository contains the data presented in the manuscript titled " Dissipation-enhanced collapse singularity of a nonlocal fluid of light in a hot atomic vapor " by P.Azam et al., Phys. Rev. A <strong>104</strong>, 013515 – Published 15 July 2021</p> <p>The .zip file contains a folder for each figure, a folder ("mesures") with the full dataset and analyzed measured and a code .mat to plot fig 1,2,3,6.</p> <p>Codes to plot fig 4 and 5 are in respective folders.</p>
Opacities for atoms and molecules relevant to the spectra of hot rocky planets
<p>This dataset contains opacities for atoms and molecules that are relevant to the sector of hot rocky planets, such as magma ocean planets, post-giant impact atmospheres, or planets in ultra-short period orbits. These species can arise above a magma ocean with a composition specific to the continental crust or bulk silicate earth. We do not include opacities for major species that are not specific to hot rocky planet atmospheres, such as water, methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia, etc., as these can be found elsewhere, for example in datasets related to brown dwarf and hot Jupiter atmospheres. </p> <p>Most of the species included in this dataset can be seen in the attached plot, hot_spectra.pdf, which shows a secondary eclipse model of a lava planet and the contributions of individual species to this spectrum. The references for the line lists used to generate these opacities can be found in the file reference_table.pdf.</p> <p>Each *.zip file contains a set of 1060 opacity layers in ASCII format, each identified with the temperature and pressure it corresponds to. Each layer file contains a header showing the layer number, the temperature (in K), and pressure (in mbar). The data consists of to columns: wavelength in microns and opacity in cm<sup>2</sup>/molecule. The wavelength grid goes from 0.4 to 50 microns. A list of all the layers calculated for each molecule is given in the file layer_list.</p> <p><em>Resources supporting this work were provided by the NASA High-End Computing (HEC) Program through the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division at Ames Research Center.</em></p>
Supporting information for Hausfather et al 2022, Climate simulations: recognize the 'hot model' problem, comment in Nature
<p>This is the supporting information for the figure in Hausfather et al 2022, Climate simulations: recognize the ‘hot model’ problem, <em>Nature</em>. It includes CMIP6 ECS and TCR values, the screening used in our TCR screened assessment, as well annual global mean surface temperature anomalies relative to preindustrial (1850-1899) for the AR6 assessed warming, CMIP6 multimodel mean, and TCR screened subset shown in Figure 1 in our comment. </p>
Climate trends and behavior of a model Amazonian terrestrial insectivore, Black-faced Antthrush, indicate adjustment to hot and dry conditions
<p>Rainforest loss threatens terrestrial insectivorous birds throughout the world's tropics. Recent evidence suggests these birds are declining in undisturbed Amazonian rainforest, possibly due to climate change. Here, we first asked whether Amazonian terrestrial insectivorous birds were exposed to increasingly extreme ambient conditions using 38 years of climate data. We found long-term trends in temperature and precipitation at our study site, especially in the dry season, which was ~1.3 °C hotter and 21% drier in 2019 than in 1981. Second, to test whether birds actively avoided hot and dry conditions, we used field sensors to identify periodic intervals of ambient extremes and prospective microclimate refugia within undisturbed rainforest from 2017–2019. Simultaneously, we examined how tagged Black-faced Antthrushes (Formicarius analis) used this space. We collected >1.3 million field measurements quantifying ambient conditions in the forest understory, including along elevation gradients. For 11 birds, we obtained GPS data to test whether birds adjusted their cover usage using variation in GPS fix success (<em>n</em> = 2,724) as a proxy and elevation using successful locations (<em>n</em> = 640) across seasonal and daily cycles. For four additional birds, we collected >180,000 light and temperature readings to assess exposure. Field measurements in the modern landscape revealed that temperature was higher in the dry season and highest on plateaus. Thus, low-lying areas were relatively buffered, providing microclimate refugia during hot afternoons in the dry season. At those times, birds apparently entered cover and shifted downslope. Because climate change intensifies the hot, dry conditions that antthrushes seemingly avoid, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that climate change decreases habitat quality for this species. If other terrestrial insectivores are similarly sensitive, climate-induced changes to otherwise intact rainforest may be related to their recent declines.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.