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Fig. 23. A in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 23. A specimen of Cophias jararaca Wied (AMNH R-4025); formerly indicated as ''holotype'' in AMNH records, but confirmation is lacking.
Fig. 9 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 9. Prince Maximilian's specimen of ''Scytale coronata,'' a syntype (now paralectotype) of the later described Pseudoboa neuwiedii (Dume´ril, Bibron, and Dume´ril, 1854). Pseudoboa neuwiedii was a composite species, with a simultaneously named variety Nigrum. Wied's specimen is today considered to represent Pseudoboa nigra (Dume´ril, Bibron and Dume´ril, 1854). AMNH R-21513 (see pl. 20 for color in life).
Fig. 10 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 10. Lectotype of Coluber poecilostoma Wied, in dorsal and ventral view (AMNH R-3480). Scale line 5 10 mm.
Fig. 18 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 18. Lectotype of Xenodon rabdocephalus (Wied, 1824). One of two unnumbered folio plates (left) showing ''Coluber rabdocephalus'' in the Abbildungen zur Naturgeschichte (Wied, 1827 [1822–1831] = plate 35 herein. Same specimen (right), now AMNH R-3609. This specimen suffered some decomposition in the past, with the body becoming very soft and breaking completely in two parts (arrows show place of break). Telling points of resemblance between painting and specimen are numbered: 1. Longitudinal white line on neck, terminating Y-shaped at first dorsal blotch; 2–6. Anterior and posterior pale edges of dorsal blotches, showing both resemblances and minor copying errors; asterisk (*) denotes the undivided anal plate. The resemblance between the painting and specimen is very close, allowing for the inevitable accumulated copying errors (i.e., Wied's original penand-ink watercolor was copied from life and it in turn was copied by an artist for the published plate).
Fig. 8 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 8. Agama picta Wied. Inset (A) showing orange-pigmented tongue and small dewlap. Pen-andwatercolor illustration (B) made by Prince Maximilian at Morro d'Arara in March 1816, with descriptive field identification ''Lacerta fasciata (m).'' The Abbildungen plate (see pl. 10) was prepared from this sketch. Detailed study (C) of a tail, from a different specimen than shown in the life drawing. Wied's handwritten explanation to artist (from typescript in Bosch, 1991: 238): Schwanz der Agama picta. um etwa die Vertheilung der Schuppen fu¨r den Kupferstecher genauer zu haben. In a. und b.[regenerating tail at break] sind die Schuppen aus Versehen verschieden gezeichnet, sie sind aber am ganzen Schwanze u¨berall gleich ross, klein und 4-eckig in Reihen gestellt. (''Tail of Agama picta. In order to prepare for the copperplate engraving [see pl. 10], the scales are drawn differently in a and b; along the entire tail, however, the small square scales are equally disposed in rows.'') From Bosch (1991: 238–239), courtesy of the Brazilian Library of Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart.
Fig. 5 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 5. Holotype of Agama picta Wied in dorsal view (AMNH R-108); 90 mm SVL. The once-vivid color pattern has completely faded.
Fig. 13 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 13. Holotype of Coluber carinicaudus Wied, in dorsal and ventral view (AMNH R-3365). Scale line 5 10 mm.
Fig. 4 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 4. Title page of volume 1 of Prince Maximilian's Beitra¨ge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien (Wied, 1825). This first of four volumes is the only one devoted to herpetology. Many new species are described in this fundamental work, which assembles information for all reptiles and amphibians collected by Wied.
Fig. 6 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 6. Holotype Agama picta Wied. Details of head in dorsal, lateral, and ventral view (AMNH R-108); 5 mm scale line.
Fig. 22 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 22. Shared holotype of Elaps marcgravii Wied, 1820, and Elaps ibiboboca Merrem, 1820, AMNH R-3937.
Fig. 3 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 3. Title page from the third volume of Prince Maximilian's Abbildungen zur Naturgeschichte Brasiliens (Wied, 1822–1831). Illustrated taxa are listed on the volume (Liefererung) title pages, but the contained plates are unnumbered (there are 6 plates in each of 12 Liefererungen). The herpetological plates reproduced herein are arbitrarily numbered 1–56 following the organization of the present work, which reflects the order of species presentation in volume 1 of the Beitra¨ge (fig. 4). Geographic modifiers (Neuwied and Runkel) were dropped from the Wied family name in 1824. After that, ''Wied-Neuwied'' appeared only on the title pages of the Abbildungen, which had begun publication two years earlier.
Fig. 7 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 7. Holotype of Agama picta Wied. Details of hindquarters in ventral view (AMNH R-108); 5 mm scale line.
Fig. 2 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 2. Pen-and-watercolor sketches dated 1815 and attributed to Prince Maximilian. Top: Gesamtansicht der Expedition (''General View of the expedition''), showing pack mules, handlers, and military guard. Bottom: Prinz Maximilian mit Teilnehmern seiner Expedition (''Prince Max with members of his expedition''). From Bosch, 1991: 84–85. (Courtesy of Brazilian Library of Robert Bosch GmbH, Stuttgart)
Fig. 12 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 12. Synypes of Coluber variabilis Wied in dorsal and ventral view (5 Spilotes pullatus (Linnaeus). A. Holotype of Coluber variabilis Wied (AMNH R-3483). B. Second syntype of Coluber variabilis (AMNH R-3482). Both are in the Maximilian collection, but this larger specimen seems not to have been used in the description of C. variabilis.
Fig. 17 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 17. Coluber pileatus Wied. This is the only surviving specimen of the species in the Maximilian collection, but it is not a type (AMNH R-2801♀). Scale line 5 10 mm.
Fig. 21 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 21. Shared paralectotype of Elaps corallinus Wied and Micrurus corallinus Merrem, 1820, AMNH R-3935.
Fig. 14 in The Herpetological Collection Of Maximilian, Prince Of Wied (1782-1867), With Special Reference To Brazilian Materials
Fig. 14. Lectotype of Coluber lichtensteinii Wied, in dorsal and ventral view (AMNH R-3514♀). Scale line 5 10 mm.
Data from: Estimating synchronous demographic changes across populations using hABC and its application for a herpetological community from northeastern Brazil
Many studies propose that Quaternary climatic cycles contracted and /or expanded the ranges of species and biomes. Strong expansion-contraction dynamics of biomes presume concerted demographic changes of associated fauna. The analysis of temporal concordance of demographic changes can be used to test the influence of Quaternary climate on diversification processes. Hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation (hABC) is a powerful and flexible approach that models genetic data from multiple species, and can be used to estimate the temporal concordance of demographic processes. Using available single-locus data we can now perform large-scale analyses, both in terms of number of species and geographic scope. Here we first compared the power of four alternative hABC models for a collection of single-locus data. We found that the model incorporating an a priori hypothesis about the timing of simultaneous demographic change had the best performance. Secondly, we applied the hABC models to a dataset of 7 squamate and 4 amphibian species occurring in the Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (Caatinga) in Northeastern Brazil, which, according to paleoclimatic evidence, experienced an increase in aridity during the Pleistocene. If this increase was important for the diversification of associated xeric-adapted species, simultaneous population expansions should be evident at the community level. We found a strong signal of synchronous population expansion in the Late Pleistocene, supporting the expansion of the Caatinga during this time. This expansion likely enhanced the formation of communities adapted to high aridity and seasonality and caused regional extirpation of taxa adapted to wet forest.
Fig. 8. Virginia Herpetological Society meeting, 1987 in Joe Mitchell - An Unfinished Life
Fig. 8. Virginia Herpetological Society meeting, 1987.
Fig. 62 in A History Of Herpetology At The American Museum Of Natural History
Fig. 62. The ''Great Central Swamp'' on the summit of Cerro Roraima. Photographed in November
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