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Fig. 1 in Historical biogeography of Thyrsophorini psocids and description of a new neotropical species of Thyrsopsocopsis (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Psocidae)

Fig. 1. Hypotheses for the current distribution of Thyrsophorini. A. Dispersal of Thyrsopsocopsis Mockford, 2004 from the Neotropics. B. Vicariance, as a consequence of the population split, occurred in the hypothesized most recent common ancestor of Thyrsophorini and Cycetini. C. Parallel evolution between the Neotropical and Asian lineages.

Fig. 4 in Historical biogeography of Thyrsophorini psocids and description of a new neotropical species of Thyrsopsocopsis (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Psocidae)

Fig. 4. Parsimony based reconstruction of Thyrsophorini historical biogeography. A. Parsimony based ancestral reconstruction implemented in Mesquite 3.04. B. S-DIVA biogeographical reconstruction.

Fig. 3 in Historical biogeography of Thyrsophorini psocids and description of a new neotropical species of Thyrsopsocopsis (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Psocidae)

Fig. 3. Generic-level cladogram derived from parsimony analysis of the morphological dataset based on a heuristic search with 1000 replicates (L = 127, CI = 40, Ri = 59), followed by TBR branch swapping, with character optimizations, symmetric resampling (*0.33), Bremmer support (*greater than 0.33 for the current dataset) and relative bootstrap (*greater than 70%). Circles represent character optimizations: ○ = unique changes; ● = homoplasic characters.

Fig. 2 in Historical biogeography of Thyrsophorini psocids and description of a new neotropical species of Thyrsopsocopsis (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Psocidae)

Fig. 2. Thyrsopsocopsis amazonicus sp. nov., ♂, holotype. A. Front view of head. B. Paraprocts, epiproct and clunium. C. Forewing. D. Hindwing. E. Phallosome. F. Hypandrium. Scales in mm.

Fig. 7 in Historical biogeography of Thyrsophorini psocids and description of a new neotropical species of Thyrsopsocopsis (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Psocidae)

Fig. 7. Morphological homology of the hypandrial tubercles between the Neotropical and Oriental species. A. T. amazonicus sp. nov. B. T. thorntoni Mockford, 2004. Anterior –A and –P axis indicated on left. Scales in mm.

Fig. 5 in Historical biogeography of Thyrsophorini psocids and description of a new neotropical species of Thyrsopsocopsis (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Psocidae)

Fig. 5. Bayesian algorithms based reconstruction of the Thyrsophorini biogeography. A. Biogeographic regions considered in the analyses: Blue: Neotropics (A), purple: Oriental (B), Cream: Nearctic (C), Orange: Paleartic (D), Green: Australasia (E). B. Reconstructed distribution using Bayesian Binary MCMC (BBM).

Fig. 6 in Historical biogeography of Thyrsophorini psocids and description of a new neotropical species of Thyrsopsocopsis (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Psocidae)

Fig. 6. Major biogeographical events occurred in Thyrsophorini (left) in accordance to the consensus reconstruction between BBM and S-DIVA analyses (right). Significant reconstructions indicated with *. I. Vicariance of the most recent common ancestor between Longivalvus Li, 1993 and Clematoscenea Enderlein, 1907. II. Allopatric speciation in the MRCA of Sundapsocus Smithers, 1995 and Cervopsocus New, 1978. III. Dispersal event occurred in Thyrsopsocopsis Mockford, 2004.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

StageIV-IRC – A High-resolution Dataset of Extreme Orographic Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) Constrained to Water Budget Closure for Historical Floods in the Appalachian Mountains

<h2>Quantitative Flood Estimation (QFE) in complex terrain remains a grand challenge in operational hydrology due to the lack of accurate high-resolution Quantitative Precipitation Estimates (QPE) at spatial and temporal resolutions needed to capture the variability of orographic precipitation, and where radar-based QPE are available there are significant biases due to the geometry and constraints of radar operations.  Here, we present a high-resolution (i.e. 250m, 5minute-hourly) QPE dataset for the most extreme (flood-producing) events from 2008 to 2024 for 26 gauged basins (in total 215 events) in the Appalachian mountains constrained to meet basin-scale water budget closure through inverse rainfall-runoff modeling to correct the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) Stage IV analysis (4km resolution, hourly) using a fully-distributed uncalibrated hydrological model that leverages recent advances in hydrologic modeling in mountainous regions (e.g. improved river routing and initial soil moisture estimation) (Liao and Barros, 2024a and 2024b). The corrected Stage IV analysis is referred to as StageIV-IRC (Inverse Rainfall Correction).  Previously, a subset of this dataset informed the construction of a generalized QPE error model (Liao and Barros, 2023), supporting the development of water budget closure constrained QPE and providing physics insights into orographic QPE uncertainties for various radar-based products at high resolution in complex terrain. The unique advantage of the StageIV-IRC QPE is that it achieves water budget closure at the storm-flood event scale within observational uncertainty of streamflow observations, that is the golden standard in hydrological modeling.  The QPE dataset is publicly available at:  <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14028867">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14028867</a></h2>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Plant life history data as evidence of an historical mixed-severity fire regime in Banksia woodlands

Context: The concept of the fire regime serves as an agreed upon template by which to inform understanding and management of fire-prone ecosystems globally. While observations from satellite imagery or palaeoecological proxy data can provide direct evidence of past fire regimes, they may be limited in temporal and/or spatial scale and are not available for all ecosystems. However, fire-related plant trait and demographic data offers an alternative approach to understand species-fire regime associations at the ecosystem scale. Aims: We aimed to quantify the life history strategies and associated fire regimes for six co-occurring shrub and tree species from fire-prone, Mediterranean climate Banksia woodlands in southwestern Australia. Methods: We collected static demographic data on size structure, seedling recruitment, and plant mortality across sites of varying time since last fire. We combined demographic data with key fire-related species traits to define plant life history strategies. We then compared observed life histories with a priori expectations for surface, stand-replacing, and mixed-severity fire regime types to infer historical fire regime associations.Key results: Fire-killed shrubs and weakly serotinous trees had abundant post-fire seedling recruitment, but also developed multi-cohort populations during fire-free periods via inter-fire seedling recruitment. Resprouting shrubs had little seedling recruitment at any time, even following fire, and showed no signs of decline in the long absence of fire likely due to their very long lifespans. Conclusions: The variation in life history strategies for these six co-occurring species is consistent with known ecological strategies to cope with high variation in fire intervals in a mixed-severity fire regime. While resprouting and strong post-fire seedling recruitment indicate a tolerance of frequent fire, inter-fire recruitment and weak serotiny is interpreted as a bet-hedging strategy to cope with occasional long fire-free periods that may otherwise exceed adult and seed bank lifespans. Implications: Our findings suggest that Banksia woodlands have evolved with highly variable fire intervals in a mixed-severity fire regime. Further investigations of species adaptations to varying fire size and patchiness can help extend our understanding of fire regime tolerances.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Raw landmarks related to the paper, "Evolution under intensive industrial breeding: skull size and shape comparison between historic and modern pig lineages "

PLEASE NOTE: This dataset has been superseeded by an updated version which has the correct number of specimens as referred to in the below article. It can be accesssed at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14262754     Raw coordinates (p x k = 82 x 3) of domestic and wild pig skulls that form the dataset for the paper, "Evolution under intensive industrial breeding: skull size and shape comparison between historic and modern pig lineages "

Figures 10-12 in A new genus and species of armored scale insect (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from Australia found in the historic Koebele Collection of the California Academy of Sciences John W. Dooley III

Figures 10-12. Diaspididae spp., habitus, detail of venter of L1 lobes, and pygidium ventral (left) and dorsal (right). 10) Dichosoma convexa (after Brimblecombe 1957). 11) Duplaspidiotus claviger (after Ferris 1937). 12) Eulaingia stenophyllae (after Borchsenius and Williams 1963).

Figure 3 in A new genus and species of armored scale insect (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from Australia found in the historic Koebele Collection of the California Academy of Sciences John W. Dooley III

Figure 3. Protomorgania koebelei adult female (pygidium). A) L1 lobes fused ventrally, appressed dorsally; B) single simple plate between L1 and position of L2 seta; C) anal pore; D) sclerotized arch; E) chitinized and finely stippled cuticle around vulva.

Figure 2 in A new genus and species of armored scale insect (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from Australia found in the historic Koebele Collection of the California Academy of Sciences John W. Dooley III

Figure 2. Protomorgania koebelei adult female (thorax and Abdomen). A) anterior perispiracular pores; B) dorsal microducts; C) dorsal microducts, magnified; D) roughened cuticle.

Figure 19 in A new genus and species of armored scale insect (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from Australia found in the historic Koebele Collection of the California Academy of Sciences John W. Dooley III

Figure 19. Pseudotargionia glandulosa, habitus, detail of venter of L1 lobes, and pygidium ventral (left) and dorsal (right) (after Ferris 1937).

Figure 1. Protomorgania koebelei adult female. A in A new genus and species of armored scale insect (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from Australia found in the historic Koebele Collection of the California Academy of Sciences John W. Dooley III

Figure 1. Protomorgania koebelei adult female. A) habitus; B) tubercle; C) anterior spiracle; D) posterior spiracle; E) pygidial lobes; F) slide mounted female habitus; G) habitus on host; H) close-up of habitus on host

Figures 7-9 in A new genus and species of armored scale insect (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from Australia found in the historic Koebele Collection of the California Academy of Sciences John W. Dooley III

Figures 7-9. Diaspididae spp., habitus, detail of venter of L1 lobes, and pygidium ventral (left) and dorsal (right) (after Brimblecombe 1957). 7) Diaphoraspis orbata. 8) Diaspidopus distinctus. 9) Diastolaspis novata.

Figures 4-6 in A new genus and species of armored scale insect (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from Australia found in the historic Koebele Collection of the California Academy of Sciences John W. Dooley III

Figures 4-6. Diaspididae spp., habitus, detail of venter of L1 lobes, and pygidium ventral (left) and dorsal (right) (after Brimblecombe 1957). 4) Achorphora obliqua. 5) Acontonidia triangulari. 6) Aspidonymus woodwardi.

Figures 16-18 in A new genus and species of armored scale insect (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) from Australia found in the historic Koebele Collection of the California Academy of Sciences John W. Dooley III

Figures 16-18. Diaspididae spp., habitus, detail of venter of L1 lobes, and pygidium ventral (left) and dorsal (right). 16) Neoleonardia extensa (after Ferris 1938). 17) Neomorgania eucalypti (after Ferris 1937). 18) Pseudaonidia duplex (after Ferris 1937).

opencc-zeroJun 2009View details →

FIG. 7 in Historical perspective: 140 years of Mesozoic radiolarian taxonomy

FIG. 7. — Pie diagram showing distribution of Mesozoic species across their authorship for the 2nd period of research (1960-2008). Number of species in brackets.