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520 results for “Host interactions”
Data from: The geographic structure of selection on a coevolving interaction between social parasitic wasps and their hosts hampers social evolution
Social parasites exploit societies, rather than organisms, and rear their brood in social insect colonies at the expense of their hosts, triggering a coevolutionary process that may affect host social structure. The resulting coevolutionary trajectories may be further altered by selection imposed by predators, which exploit the abundant resources concentrated in these nests. Here, we show that geographic differences in selection imposed by predators affects the structure of selection on coevolving hosts and their social parasites. In a multi-year study, we monitored the fate of the annual breeding attempts of the solitary-founding females of Polistes biglumis social wasps in four geographically distinct populations that varied in levels of attack by the congeneric social parasite, P. atrimandibularis. Foundress fitness depended mostly on whether, during the long founding phase, a colony was invaded by social parasites or attacked by predators. Foundresses from each population differed in morphological traits and reproductive tactics that were consistent with selection imposed by their natural enemies and in ways that may affect host sociality. In turn, parasite traits were consistent with selection imposed locally by hosts, implying a geographic mosaic of coevolution in this brood parasitic interaction.
FIGURE 2. Exetasis wings. A. E in Description and host interactions of a new species of Exetasis Walker (Diptera: Acroceridae), with a key to species of the genus
FIGURE 2. Exetasis wings. A. E. brasiliensis Carrera; B. E. jujuyensis Gillung sp. nov.; C. E. calida Wiedemann (modified from Wiedemann 1830, plate VII, fig. 2b). Scale line = 1 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Description and host interactions of a new species of Exetasis Walker (Diptera: Acroceridae), with a key to species of the genus
FIGURE 7. Exetasis jujuyensis Gillung sp. nov. larva. A. lateral view; B. dorsolateral view, showing the pair of spiracles; C. dorsal view, showing the cephalic zone.
Fig. 1 in Larval Feeding Behavior of Gratiana spadicea (Klug) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on its Host Plant, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae): Interaction with Trichomes
Fig. 1. Scanning electron micrographs of leaf discs of Solanum sisymbriifolium used in feeding choice trials. a) High density stellate trichomes (HD) ¼ 29.7/mm2; b) low density stellate trichomes (LD) ¼ 1.07/mm2; c) submitted to mechanical removal of stellate trichomes (Bars ¼ 100 µm).
Fig. 4 in Larval Feeding Behavior of Gratiana spadicea (Klug) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on its Host Plant, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae): Interaction with Trichomes
Fig. 4. Survivorship curves of Gratiana spadicea larvae fed with intact Solanum sisymbriifolium leaf discs and with leaf discs submitted to mechanical and chemical removal of the trichomes and their exudates, and to trichomes mechanical control. Treatments followed by the same letters do not differ significantly (log rank tests, Oi ¼ 0.05).
Fig. 3 in Larval Feeding Behavior of Gratiana spadicea (Klug) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) on its Host Plant, Solanum sisymbriifolium Lamarck (Solanaceae): Interaction with Trichomes
Fig. 3. Leaf damage of Gratiana spadicea on Solanum sisymbriifolium leaf. a) Feeding site cleared by a first instar larva; b) detail (enlargement of the area marked in a) of a corresponding macerated lateral ray (arrow). (Bars ¼ 100 µm and 50 µm, respectively).
Fig. 2 in Collection History and Comparison of the Interactions of the Goldspotted Oak Borer,Agrilus auroguttatusSchaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), with Host Oaks in Southern California and Southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.
Fig. 2. The four mountain ranges (Santa Catalina, Santa Rita, Huachuca, and Chiricahua) in the Coronado National Forest in southeastern Arizona where historical collections of Agrilus auroguttatus were made. General localities (X) are noted on the four mountain ranges, but a few exact localities (•) were available from collection labels.
Fig. 1 in Collection History and Comparison of the Interactions of the Goldspotted Oak Borer,Agrilus auroguttatusSchaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), with Host Oaks in Southern California and Southeastern Arizona, U.S.A.
Fig. 1. Distibution of oak mortality (red areas) caused by the goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus, in San Diego Co., California. A) 2002 to 2004, B) 2002 to 2007, C) 2002 to 2010. This area ranges from 32°42′09.90″N, 116°20′34.67″W to 32°49′41.60″N, 116°51′30.33″W to 32°36′31.45″N, 116°28′06.77″W to 33°11′58.64″N, 116°42′37.96″W. Location of satellite infestation (southwest of red * in map D) found in 2009 is Marion Bear Memorial Park near La Jolla.
Targeting host-virus interactions: In silico analysis of the binding of human milk oligosaccharides to viral proteins involved in respiratory infections
<p><span>Respiratory viral infections, a major public health concern, necessitate the continuous development of novel antiviral strategies, particularly in the face of emerging and re-emerging pathogens. In this study, we </span><span>explored</span><span> the potential of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) as broad-spectrum antiviral agents against key respiratory viruses. </span><span>By examining the</span><span> structural mimicry of host cell receptors and </span><span>their </span><span>known biological functions, including antiviral activities, we assessed the </span><span>ability</span><span> of HMOs to bind and potentially inhibit viral proteins crucial for host</span><span> </span><span>cell entry. Our <em>in silico</em> analysis </span><span>focused</span><span> on viral proteins integral to host-virus interactions</span><span>, namely,</span><span> the hemagglutinin protein of influenza, fusion proteins of respiratory syncytial and human metapneumovirus, and the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Using molecular docking and simulation studies, we </span><span>demonstrated</span><span> that HMOs exhibit varying binding affinities to these viral proteins, suggesting their potential as viral entry inhibitors. </span><span>This</span><span> study </span><span>identified</span><span> several HMOs with promising binding profiles, highlighting their potential in antiviral drug development. This research provides a foundation for utilizing HMOs as a natural source for designing new therapeutics, offering a novel approach in the fight against respiratory viral infections.</span></p>
Host-Pathogen Interactions in the Plasmodium-Infected Mouse Liver at Spatial and Single-Cell Resolution
<p>Dataset created in the study "A Spatial Transcriptomics Atlas of the Malaria-infected Liver Indicates a Crucial Role for Lipid Metabolism and Hotspots of Inflammatory Cell Infiltration" </p><p><strong>Structure</strong></p><p><strong>ST_berghei_liver</strong></p><p>contains data generated during <i>stpipeline </i>analysis and imaging on 2k arrays Spatial Transcriptomics platform as well as data necessary for and from hepaquery analysis. These samples include 38 sections in total of which 8 are from mice (n=4) infected with sporozoites for 12h, 5 sections from control mice (n=3) at 12h, 7 sections from mice (n=4) infected with sporozoites for 24h and 4 sections from control mice (n=3) for 24 as well as 8 samples of mice (n=2) infected with sporozoites for 38h and control mice (n =2) for 38h. </p><ul><li><i><strong>count</strong></i> contains gene expression matrix output from stpipeline in .tsv format</li><li><i><strong>spotfiles</strong> </i>contains coordinate files for count matrices</li><li><i><strong>images </strong></i>contains scaled H&E, Fluorescence (FL) and annotated H&E images (from FL annotations) scaled to 10% of the original image size.</li><li><i><strong>masks </strong></i>contains image masks for hepaquery analysis</li><li><i><strong>distances </strong></i>contains distance measurements from original section sorted by timepoint as well as combined across timepoints</li><li><strong>cluster</strong> contains clustering information across spatial positions used in spatial enrichment analysis</li></ul><p><strong>STUtiility_mus_pb_ST.RDS </strong>describes seurat object generated using the STUtility package using ST data of the 38 liver sections of which the data is stored in <strong>ST_berghei_liver</strong></p><p><strong>h5ad</strong></p><p>contains anndata files of ST data (normalized read counts), spot information, distance measurements, images and masks generated using the hepaquery package. </p><p><strong>visium_berghei_liver</strong></p><p>contains data generated with the <i>spaceranger </i>pipeline and imaging using the Visium spatial transcriptomics platform. These samples include 8 sections in total, of which 1 was infected with sporozoites for 12h, 1 control section at 12h, 1 section infected with sporozoites for 24h and 1 control section at 24 as well as 2 sporozoite infected sections, and 2 control sections at 38h. </p><ul><li><i><strong>V10S29-135_A1</strong></i> contains spaceranger output for section 1 for infected and control sections at 38h post-infection</li><li><i><strong>V10S29-135_B1</strong></i> contains spaceranger output for section 1 for infected and control sections at 12h post-infection </li><li><i><strong>V10S29-135_C1 </strong></i>contains spaceranger output for section 1 for infected and control sections at 24h post-infection </li><li><i><strong>V10S29-135_D1 </strong></i>contains spaceranger output for section 2 for infected and control sections at 38h post-infection </li></ul><p><strong>se_visium.RDS </strong>describes seurat object generated using the STUtility package using ST data of the 38 liver sections of which the data is stored in <strong>visium_berghei_liver</strong></p><p><strong>snSeq_berghei_liver</strong></p><p>contains data generated with the <i>cellranger </i>pipeline and imaging using the Visium spatial transcriptomics platform. These samples include single nuclei of 2 infected and control mice after 12h, 2 infected and control mice after 24h, 2 infected and control mice after 38h, and 2 uninfected mice prior to a challenge.</p><p><i><strong>cellranger_cnt_out</strong> </i>contains feature count matrix information from cell ranger output</p><p><strong>final_merged_curated_annotations_270623.RDS </strong>describes seurat object generated using the STUtility package using ST data of the 38 liver sections of which the data is stored in <strong>snSeq_berghei_liver.tar.gz</strong></p><p><strong>raw images.zip </strong>contains raw images for supplementary figures 20-22</p><p><strong>adjusted images.zip </strong>contains brightness and contrast adjusted images for supplementary figures 20-22</p>
Figure 6 in Parasitoid complex associated with the flea weevil Orchestes alni L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Bulgaria and a review of host-parasitoid interactions of genus Orchestes Illiger
Figure 6. Pteromalidae. Habitus of Pteromalus varians (a: female, b: male) and Trichomalus inscitus (c: female, d: male).
Figure 3 in Parasitoid complex associated with the flea weevil Orchestes alni L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Bulgaria and a review of host-parasitoid interactions of genus Orchestes Illiger
Figure 3. Eulophidae. Habitus of Baryscapus nigroviolaceus (a: female), Chrysocharis nephereus (b: female), Chrysocharis pentheus (c: female), Cirrospilus lyncus (d: female), Cirrospilus pictus (e: male) and Closterocerus ruforum (f: female).
Figure 1 in Parasitoid complex associated with the flea weevil Orchestes alni L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Bulgaria and a review of host-parasitoid interactions of genus Orchestes Illiger
Figure 1. Adults of Orchestes alni emerged from samples collected in Sofia (specimen with darker (a) and lighter (b) colouration, dorsal view; specimen with darker (c) and lighter (d) colouration, lateral view).
Figure 4 in Parasitoid complex associated with the flea weevil Orchestes alni L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Bulgaria and a review of host-parasitoid interactions of genus Orchestes Illiger
Figure 4. Eulophidae. Habitus of Closterocerus trifasciatus (a: female), Minotetrastichus platanellus (b: female), Pediobius saulius (c: female, d: male), Pnigalio agraules (e: female) and Pnigalio cf. nemati (f: female).
Figure 5 in Parasitoid complex associated with the flea weevil Orchestes alni L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Bulgaria and a review of host-parasitoid interactions of genus Orchestes Illiger
Figure 5. Eulophidae and Eupelmidae. Habitus of Pnigalio cf. soemius (a: female), Tetrastichus miser (b: female), Tetrastichus cf. calmius (c: female), Eupelmus barai (d: female), Eupelmus confusus (e: male) and Eupelmus urozonus (f: female).
Intraspecific interaction of host plants leads to concentrated distribution of a specialist herbivore through metabolic alterations in the leaves
<p>1. Recent studies suggest that changes in leaf traits due to interactions between plants affect resource utilisation by and the distribution of herbivores. However, this has not yet been confirmed experimentally. Here, we investigated the effects of phenotypic plasticity in leaf traits of <i>Rumex obtusifolius</i> (host plant) in response to intra- and interspecific interaction on the distribution of two leaf beetles, <i>Gastrophysa atrocyanea</i> (specialist herbivore) and <i>Galerucella grisescens</i> (generalist herbivore).</p> <p>2. We investigated the local population density of <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants and the presence of leaf beetles on the plants at five study sites. Leaf chemicals (condensed tannins and total phenolics) were compared between aggregated and solitary <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants. To clarify the effects of the interaction environment of <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants on their leaf traits and on resource utilisation by the leaf beetles, we compared leaf chemicals and preferences of adult leaf beetles among treatments where <i>R. obtusifolius</i> experienced intraspecific interaction, interspecific interaction, or no interaction in cultivation experiments. Finally, we evaluated the independent and combined effects of patch size and intraspecific interaction on leaf beetle distribution in mesocosm experiments.</p> <p>3. In the field, the presence of the specialist leaf beetle <i>G. atrocyanea</i> was positively correlated with the local population density (rosette overlap ratio) of <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants; however, there was no correlation in the case of the generalist leaf beetle <i>G. grisescens</i>. In the cultivation experiments, plants in the intraspecific interaction treatment increased their leaf contents of condensed tannins and total phenolics, and <i>G. atrocyanea</i> consumed more of these leaves than leaves in other treatments. Similar results were observed in the field. In the mesocosm experiments, larger numbers of <i>G. atrocyanea</i> were distributed on <i>R. obtusifolius</i> plants exposed to below-ground intraspecific interaction than on plants not exposed to intraspecific interaction.</p> <p>4. Our results provide experimental evidence that leaf-trait changes in response to intraspecific interaction between host plants influence specialist herbivore distribution. This highlights the need to integrate plant–plant interactions into our understanding of plant–animal interactions. </p>
Impact of New Variants on SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity and Neutralization: A Molecular Assessment of the Alterations in the Spike-Host Protein Interactions
<p>MD simulation trajectories and structural models from the work which first appeared on bioRxiv (https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.10.426143), later ssrn (<a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3907841">http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3907841</a>), and finally accepted for publication by Iscience.</p> <p>File Name: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d5ac679d-c267-4e55-8f63-0abdaa41d067/Run1_WT_RBD_ACE2.zip">Run1_WT_RBD_ACE2.zip</a></p> <p>Description: A compressed (zipped) folder contains three independent MD trajectories of WT RBD-ACE2 complex.</p> <p>File Name: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d5ac679d-c267-4e55-8f63-0abdaa41d067/Run2_N501Y_RBD_ACE2.zip">Run2_N501Y_RBD_ACE2.zip</a></p> <p>Description: A compressed folder contains three independent MD trajectories of Alpha RBD-ACE2 complex.</p> <p>File Name: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d5ac679d-c267-4e55-8f63-0abdaa41d067/Run3_Beta_RBD_ACE2.zip">Run3_Beta_RBD_ACE2.zip</a></p> <p>Description: A compressed folder contains three independent MD trajectories of Beta RBD-ACE2 complex.</p> <p>File Name: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d5ac679d-c267-4e55-8f63-0abdaa41d067/Run4_Delta_RBD_ACE2.zip">Run4_Delta_RBD_ACE2.zip</a></p> <p>Description: A compressed folder contains three independent MD trajectories of Delta RBD-ACE2 complex</p> <p>File Name: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d5ac679d-c267-4e55-8f63-0abdaa41d067/Run5_UK2_E484K_N501Y_ACE2.zip">Run5_UK2_E484K_N501Y_ACE2.zip</a></p> <p>Description: A compressed folder contains three independent MD trajectories of UK2 RBD-ACE2 complex</p> <p>File Name: <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d5ac679d-c267-4e55-8f63-0abdaa41d067/Structural_model_PDBs.zip">Structural_model_PDBs.zip</a></p> <p>Description: A compressed folder contains eight pdb files of those structural models plotted in Figs 1, 3, 5, 6, 7 and S1.</p>
Tri-trophic interactions with avian predators: the effect of host plant species and herbivore-induced plant volatiles on recruiting avian predators
<div> <p><span><span>Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are important signaling compounds released by plants upon wounding. These compounds have been shown to mediate tri-trophic interactions in recruiting insect predators and parasitoids. Recent work has begun to show that avian species, which were once thought to have a very limited sense of smell, can cue in on these HIPVs to find insect prey. Here, we test the ability for two general HIPVs, methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate, to recruit avian predators. We test the recruitment efficacies of these HIPVs across 4 different host plant species (black walnut, red maple, cattail, and wheat) and use clay caterpillars to quantify predation by insectivorous birds. We found no significant differences in predation between treatment groups across any of our host plants. However, there was a nearly-significant effect of methyl salicylate in black-walnut trees. Interestingly, our results did show a significant effect of host plant species on predation levels. The two tree species, particularly black walnut, had higher levels of predation than the herbaceous species. We discuss the implications of these results and suggest a number of ideas and suggestions for future studies investigating the role of HIPVs in attracting insectivorous birds.</span></span></p> </div>
Interacting host modifier systems control Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in a haplodiploid mite
<p><span>Reproductive parasites such as <em>Wolbachia</em> spread within host populations by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). CI occurs when parasite-modified sperm fertilizes uninfected eggs and is typified by great variation in strength across biological systems. In haplodiploid hosts, CI has different phenotypic outcomes depending on whether the fertilized eggs die or develop into males. Genetic conflict theories predict the evolution of host modulation of CI, which in turn influences the stability of reproductive parasitism. Yet, despite the ubiquity of CI-inducing parasites in nature, there is scarce evidence for intraspecific host modulation of CI strength and phenotype. Here, we tested for intraspecific host modulation of <em>Wolbachia</em>-induced CI in haplodiploid <em>Tetranychus urticae </em>mites. Using a single CI-inducing <em>Wolbachia </em>variant and mitochondrion, a nuclear panel was created that consisted of infected and cured near-isogenic lines. We performed a highly replicated age-synchronized full diallel cross comprised of incompatible and compatible control crosses. We uncovered host modifier systems that cause striking variation in CI strength when carried by infected <em>T. urticae </em>males. We observed a continuum of CI phenotypes in our crosses and identified strong intraspecific female modulation of CI phenotype. Crosses established a recessive genetic basis for the maternal effect and were consistent with polygenic Mendelian inheritance. Both male and female modulation interacted with the genotype of the mating partner. Our findings identify spermatogenesis as an important target of selection for host modulation of CI strength and underscore the importance of maternal genetic effects for the CI phenotype. Our findings reveal that intraspecific host modulation of CI is underpinned by complex genetic architectures and confirm that the evolution of reproductive parasitism is contingent on host genetics.</span></p>
Effect of host light level on the M sativa P japonicum interaction
<p>This dataset shows the data for an experiment to explore the relationship between the hemiparasite Phtheirospermum japonicum and host plant Medicago sativa, where the host wss subject to high or low light levels</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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