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369 results for “Insecticides”
Palatability of Insecticides and Protein in Sugar Solutions to Argentine Ants
<p>This is the Raw Data and R Markdown statistics for BioRxiv and Pest Management Science Journal.</p> <p>Title: Palatability of Insecticides and Protein in Sugar Solutions to Argentine Ants</p> <p>Summary: </p> <p><span>Invasive ant species like <em><span>Linepithema humile</span></em> cause significant ecological and economic harm, making effective control strategies essential. Insecticide baits are currently the most effective approach for controlling ants. </span><span>Therefore, quantifying how palatable or unpalatable baits, bait additives, or toxicants are, is critical for developing effective control methods.</span><span> </span><span>It has recently been demonstrated that in the comparative evaluation of foods, animals that are aware of both a test food and a comparator food exhibit greatly increased sensitivity when detecting the unpalatability of liquid baits. </span><span>Here, we deploy a newly developed comparative evaluation methodology to examine the palatability to <em>L. humile </em>workers of three toxicants used in invasive ant control: Fipronil, spinosad, and imidacloprid, as well as egg white protein.</span></p> <p><span>Ants showed no significant preference between pure sucrose and sucrose-toxicant solutions, indicating that they either cannot detect the toxicants or that they do not find them distasteful. </span><span>Survival tests confirmed that the toxicant concentrations used were lethal, with a survival rate of 50% or below after 72 hours. However, ants found egg protein additive unpalatable, significantly preferring pure sucrose to a sucrose-egg protein mix.</span></p> <p><span>These findings confirm that three major toxicants are suitable for use in baits, and that reported abandonment or avoidance of toxic baits is not due to the unpalatability of these toxicants. However, the addition of egg protein to sucrose baits, even at ratios which optimise colony growth, is likely counterproductive. Future research should investigate the relative preference of invasive ants for various bait matrixes over naturally available food, ensuring more effective pest management strategies.</span></p>
Gregarines modulate insect responses to sublethal insecticide residues
<p>Throughout their lifetime, insects face multiple environmental challenges that influence their performance. Gregarines are prevalent endoparasites in most invertebrates that affect the fitness of their hosts, but are often overlooked in ecological studies. Next to such biotic factors, a current common challenge is anthropogenic pollution with pesticides, which causes a major threat to non-target organisms that are readily exposed to lethal or sublethal concentrations. In a laboratory study, we investigated whether the presence of gregarines modulates the food consumption and life-history traits of a (non-target) leaf beetle species, Phaedon cochleariae, in response to sublethal insecticide exposure. We show that the larval food consumption of the herbivore was neither affected by gregarine infection nor sublethal insecticide exposure. Nevertheless, infection with gregarines led to a delayed development, while insecticide exposure resulted in a lower body mass of adult males and a reduced reproduction of females. Individuals exposed to both challenges suffered most, as they had the lowest survival probability. This indicates detrimental effects on the population dynamics of non-target insects infected with naturally occurring gregarines that face additional stress from agrochemical pollution. Moreover, we found that the infection load with gregarines was higher in individuals exposed to sublethal insecticide concentrations compared to unexposed individuals. To counteract the global decline of insects, the potential of natural parasite infections in modulating insect responses to anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic environmental factors should be considered in ecological risk assessment.</p>
Metabarcoding of canopy arthropods reveals negative impacts of forestry insecticides on community structure across multiple taxa
<p>1. Insecticides used to combat outbreaks of forest defoliators can adversely affect non-target arthropods. Forest use insecticides typically suppress Lepidoptera larvae which are the keystone of the canopy community of deciduous oak forests. The abrupt removal of this dominant component of the food web could have far-reaching implications for forest ecosystems, yet it is rarely investigated in practice owing to several methodological shortcomings. The taxonomic impediment and the biased nature of arthropod sampling techniques particularly impede the assessment of insecticide impacts on diverse communities.</p> <p>2. To tackle this issue, we propose an experimental approach combining pyrethrum knockdown sampling and species determination via DNA metabarcoding, using community subsampling to derive estimates of species abundances. We applied this protocol to investigate the short-term effects of the insecticides diflubenzuron (DFB) or <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> var. <i>kurstaki</i> (BTK) on canopy-dwelling arthropod communities in German oak woodlands.</p> <p>3. Our approach allowed us to include most of the detected diversity and integrate species abundances in our analyses. By classifying arthropod species into assemblages based on their expected sensitivity rather than coarse taxonomic groupings, we could unveil substantial effects of DFB across multiple taxa five weeks after application.</p> <p>4. Although strong effects on single species appear related to direct toxicity, substantial impacts of DFB on parasitoids and xylophagous beetles suggest that anti-defoliator treatments can have previously unsuspected indirect effects on some components of forest arthropod communities. The impacts of BTK on community structure were consistent with but much weaker than that of DFB.</p> <p>5. <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Comparing diversity patterns in the arthropod communities of sprayed and unsprayed oak canopies, our results show that selective insecticides can alter species diversity in presumably non-sensitive taxa. Even though the ecological significance of these impacts has yet to be assessed in an operational setting, their existence calls for increased regulatory scrutiny on indirect effects. As community approaches become more attainable with the rapid development of DNA metabarcoding, we suggest the inclusion of community level endpoints as regulatory requirements for the approval of forest use insecticides.</p>
Raw experiment data from: Homogeneity of agriculture landscape promotes insecticide resistance in the ground beetle Poecilus cupreus
<p>This dataset is raw research data related to the paper published in PLOS ONE: Sowa et al. 2022, Homogeneity of agriculture landscape promotes insecticide resistance in the ground beetle <em>Poecilus cupreus</em>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266453">https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266453</a></p>
The implementation of systemic insecticides and increased irrigation against invasive species attacking Ficus trees in Hawai'i.
<p>This contains the data collected for the publication submitted to the Journal of Applied Entomology. </p>
Pollinators, pests and yield – multiple trade-offs from insecticide use in a mass-flowering crop
<p>Multiple trade-offs are likely to occur between pesticide use, pollinators and yield (via crop flowers) in pollinator-dependent, mass-flowering crops (MFCs), causing potential conflict between conservation and agronomic goals. To date, no studies have looked at both outcomes within the same system, meaning 'win-win solutions' for pollinators and yield can only be inferred.</p> <p>Here, we outline a new framework to explore these trade-offs, using red clover (<em>Trifolium pratense</em>) grown for seed production as an example. Specifically, we address how the insecticide thiacloprid affects densities of seed-eating weevils (<em>Protapion</em> spp.), pollination rates, yield, floral resources and colony dynamics of the key pollinator, <em>Bombus terrestris</em>.</p> <p>Thiacloprid did not affect the amount of nectar provided by, or pollinator visitation to, red clover flowers but did reduce weevil density, correlating to increased yield and gross profit. Colonies of <em>B. terrestris</em> significantly increased their weight and reproductive output in landscapes with (compared to without) red clover, regardless of insecticide use.</p> <p><em>Synthesis and Applications</em>: <span>We propose a holistic, conceptual framework to explore trade-offs between pollinators, pesticides and yield that we believe to be essential for achieving conservation and agronomic goals. This framework </span><span>applies to all insecticide-treated mass-flowering crops (MFCs) and can be adapted to include other ecological processes. Trialling the framework in our study system, we found that our focal insecticide, thiacloprid, improved red clover seed yield with no detected effects on its key pollinator <em>Bombus terrestris</em> and that the presence of red clover in the landscape can benefit pollinator populations.</span></p>
Supporting data and code for: Host plant and insecticides shape the evolution of genetic and clonal diversity in a major aphid crop pest
<p>This is the first release of the final data and code for the article accepted for publication in <em>Evolutionary Applications</em> journal. It contains the necessary scripts to produce most of the analyses and figures of the manuscript. All the necessary data can be found in the 'data' folder.</p>
Nutritional stress exacerbates impact of a novel insecticide on solitary bees' behaviour, reproduction and survival
<p>Pesticide exposure<span> and food stress are major threats to bees, but their potential synergistic impacts under field-realistic conditions remain poorly understood and are not considered in current pesticide risk assessments. We conducted a semi-field experiment to examine the single and interactive effects of the novel insecticide flupyradifurone (FPF) and nutritional stress on fitness proxies in the solitary bee <em>Osmia bicornis</em>. Individually marked bees were released into flight cages with monocultures of either buckwheat, wild mustard or purple tansy, which were assigned to an insecticide treatment (FPF or control) in a crossed design. Nutritional stress, which was high in bees foraging on buckwheat, intermediate on wild mustard and low on purple tansy, modulated the impact of insecticide exposure. Within the first day after application of FPF, mortality of bees feeding on buckwheat was 29 times higher compared to control treatments, while mortality of FPF exposed and control bees was similar in the other two plant species. Moreover, we found negative synergistic impacts of FPF and nutritional stress on offspring production, flight activity, flight duration, and flower visitation frequency. These results reveal that environmental policies and risk assessment schemes that ignore interactions among anthropogenic stressors will fail to adequately protect bees and the pollination services they provide.</span></p>
Evaluation of insecticidal properties of botanicals for sustainable management of sucking pests of horticultural crops
<p>The Bioassay data on the insecticidal properties of botanicals <em>viz</em>., <em>Annona squamosa</em>, <em>Ricinus communis</em> and <em>Sapindus</em> <em>mukorossi</em> seed extracts against sucking pests <em>viz.,</em> aphids (<em>Aphis gossypii, A.craccivora</em>)<em> </em>on okra <em>(Abelmoschus esculentus) </em>and bittergourd (<em>Momordica charantia</em>), thrips (<em>Scirtothrips dorsalis</em>) on chilli (<em>Capsicum frutescens</em>), whiteflies (<em>Bemisia tabaci</em>) on eggplant (<em>Solanum melongena)</em>, mealy bugs (<em>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</em>) on betel vine (<em>Piper betle</em>) and mites (<em>Tetranychus urticae</em>) on egg plant (<em>Solanum melongena) </em>under laboratory conditions.</p>
Conidia productivity and whitefly insecticidal activity of Beauveria bassiana JEF-507
<p>Silverleaf whitefly, <em>Bemisia tabaci</em> (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a destructive insect pest damaging to diverse crops by vectoring several plant pathogenic viruses, which consequently causes economic losses in crop production. As the resistance of whiteflies to chemical insecticides is increasing, this study aims to investigate the potential of entomopathogenic fungi as an alternative. A total of 72 entomopathogenic fungal isolates, collected from soils using <em>Tenebrio molitor</em> larvae as an insect baiting method, were assessed for their virulence against 2<sup>nd</sup> nymphs of whitefly. Their virulence was assayed by dipping whitefly-infested tomato leaves in fungal conidia suspensions at 1.0 × 10<sup>7</sup> conidia/ml. Among the tested isolates, two isolates of <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> JEF-462 and JEF-507 showed high virulence. In the assessment of virulence depending on conidia concentrations, the estimated LC<sub>50</sub> values for JEF-462 and JEF-507 were similarly 8.7~14.0 × 10<sup>7</sup> conidia/ml. However, <em>B. bassiana</em> JEF-507 showed higher conidial productivity and thermotolerance on most of tested 12 grain substrates than<em> </em><em>B. bassiana</em> JEF-462, and millet was the most suitable grain substrate. Additionally, siloxane as a surfactant was able to sufficiently exhibit the insecticidal activity of JEF-507 against whitefly nymphs compared to other surfactants. In a pot-based greenhouse trial, JEF-507 showed higher control efficacy than chemical insecticides, dinotefuran and spinetoram. This work suggests that <em>B. bassiana</em> JEF-507 could be competitively used as a biopesticide to control silverleaf whiteflies whilst overcoming current resistance issues. The JEF-507 isolate has been registered in Korea, 2022 and successfully commercialized as the name of Chongchae-Stop<sup>®</sup> in this local market to control whitefly and thrips.</p>
Illumina RNA-Sequencing fastq data from insecticide resistant Anopheles gambiae s.l
<p>This is a dataset of Illumina RNA sequencing reads, for a project investigating resistance to Pirimiphos-methyl in the major malaria vectors, Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii. There are four biological replicates for the following conditions:</p> <p> </p> <p>Ngousso (susceptible)</p> <p>Kisumu (susceptible)</p> <p>Bouake gambiae unexposed</p> <p>Bouake gambiae PM survivors</p> <p>Bouake coluzzii unexposed </p> <p>Bouake coluzzii PM survivors </p> <p> </p> <p>SRA submission: SUB14596876</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 1 in Monitoring field populations of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) for resistance to eight insecticides in China
Fig. 1. Sampling sites of Plutella xylostella field populations in seven provinces of China.
Fig. 1 in Insecticidal and repellent action of pogostone against Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
Fig. 1. Structure of pogostone.
Fig. 1 in Fitness cost in field Anopheles labranchiae populations associated with resistance to the insecticide deltamethrin
Fig. 1. Geographic origin of Tunisian populations of Anopheles labranchiae.
Fig. 1 in Synthesis of new α-amino nitriles with insecticidal action on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Fig. 1. Structures of insecticide agents and molecules studied in this work.
Fig. 2 in Toxicity for control of Frankliniella schultzei and Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of several common synthetic insecticides
Fig. 2. Adult Selenothrips rubrocinctus.
Fig. 2 in Comparison of attractants, insecticides, and mass trapping for managing Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in blueberries
Fig. 2. Commercially available trap from RIGA® AG used in mass trapping.
Fig. 2 in Field efficacy of insecticides for management of invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in India
Fig. 2. Corn yield in field efficacy treatments in Sep planted crop in 2018.
Fig. 1 in Field efficacy of insecticides for management of invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in India
Fig. 1. Corn yield in field efficacy treatments in Jun planted crop in 2018.
Lambda-cyhalothrin-driven mortality of pest control agents - IRAC insecticide-coated glass vials test
<p>The dataset contains 24 h mortality data from the IRAC-recognised insecticide-coated glass vials test on lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity to pest control agents tested in 5 European countries. Individuals of each tested species were exposed to five insecticide doses, relative to the Recommended Field Dose (RFD), namely 0.8% RFD, 4% RFD, 20% RFD, 100% RFD, and 200% RFD, plus acetone control. RFD was assumed at 7.5 g a.i./ha as this value is most relevant to the crops covered by the study. <strong>The dataset was used to generate Species Sensitivity Distributions published in the article "Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) profiles towards λ-cyhalothrin for key ecosystem service provider (ESP) species across five European countries representing different pedoclimatic zones", STOTEN 2024, which should be quoted if the data are used for any purpose: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176412. </strong></p> <p>The research was funded by the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program “EcoStack” (grant agreement no. 773554). </p> <p> </p>
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OpenNeuro
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