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212 results for “Land use change”
Data used in "Land use change influence on atmospheric organic gases, aerosols, and radiative effects" (Vella et al., 2024)
<p>Model outputs used in the study: "Land use change influence on atmospheric organic gases, aerosols, and radiative effects"</p>
Supplementary material for "Strong decline in grasshopper abundance over 20 years without major land-use changes: Is soil drying one of the drivers?»
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><span>Strong declines in insect numbers have been described for different taxa and regions. These observations are of great concern such that broad scientific and public attention has been raised. Among other urgencies, the need for long-term insect data has been identified. Here, we present data on grasshopper (Caelifera) abundances recorded between 1992 and 2011 at over 600 sites in north-western Switzerland. While vegetation type, often semi-natural grasslands, had remained largely constant, total grasshopper abundance declined by around 50% (while many other taxa showed much less decline). Numbers in July remained relatively stable until about 2003 but then declined similar to the declines seen in August-October already before. Greatest losses were observed for drier habitats and steeper slopes, suggesting that soil drying might be an important factor for the decline. Second, more nutrient-rich habitats suffered greater losses; possible reasons for this include small-scale vegetation changes in these habitats e.g. due to atmospheric nitrogen deposition, or isolation of sites. Other than abundance, species richness decreased much less, illustrating that important ecological changes may be strongly underestimated when only species lists are available. The strong declines at our sites, which often are in an agri-environmental scheme, is alarming. Apart from being yet another call to fight climate change, our results also point to the urgent need to reduce atmospheric nitrogen deposition and to continue extensive farming, but also to adapt it in preparation of expected effects of climate change, with the aim to favour a divers, ecologically robust insect community.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p>
Data from: Response of net primary production to land use and climate changes in the middle-reaches of the Heihe River basin
Net primary production (NPP) supplies matter, energy, and services to facilitate the sustainable development of human society and ecosystem. The response mechanism of NPP to land use and climate changes is essential for food security and biodiversity conservation but lacks a comprehensive understanding, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. To this end, taking the middle-reaches of the Heihe River basin (MHRB) as an example, we uncovered the NPP responses to land use and climate changes by integrating multi-source data (e.g., MOD17A3 NPP, land use, temperature, and precipitation) and multiple methods. The results showed that: (1) land use intensity (LUI) increasing, and climate warming and wetting promoted NPP. From 2000 to 2014, the LUI, temperature and precipitation of MHRB increased by 1.46, 0.58 °C and 15.76 mm, respectively, resulting in an increase of 14.62 gC/m2 in annual average NPP. (2) The conversion of low-yield cropland to forest and grassland increased NPP. Although the widespread conversion of unused land and grassland to cropland boosted both LUI and NPP, it was not conducive to ecosystem sustainability and stability due to huge water consumption and human-appropriated NPP. Urban sprawl occupied cropland, forest and grassland, and reduced NPP. (3) Increase in temperature and precipitation generally improved NPP. The temperature decreasing less than 1.2 °C also promoted the NPP of hardy vegetation due to the simultaneous precipitation increasing. However, warming-induced water stress compromised the NPP in arid sparse grassland and deserts. Cropland had greater NPP and NPP increase than natural vegetation due to the irrigation, fertilizers and other artificial inputs it received. Decrease in both temperature and precipitation generally reduced NPP, but the NPP in the well-protection or less-disturbance areas still increased slightly.
Preserving wintering frugivorous birds in agro‐ecosystems under land use change: Lessons from intensive and super-intensive olive orchards
<p>Fleshy-fruit production is becoming more intensive worldwide, but how this affects frugivorous birds is poorly known. In the Mediterranean region, intensive and super-intensive olive orchards are fast expanding, potentially affecting millions of wintering songbirds. Here we test the idea that intensification may benefit frugivorous birds, at least locally, due to increased fruit availability, while negatively affecting the wider wintering bird community due to intensive management, structural simplification and landscape homogenisation. We estimated olive abundance and surveyed birds in early, mid- and late winter, at traditional, intensive, and super-intensive orchards in southern Portugal. We used Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities to relate species richness, prevalence and abundance to management intensity, winter period, olive availability and landscape context, and evaluated the role of frugivory on observed responses. Olive availability was much higher throughout the winter in more intensive than in traditional orchards, both in trees and on the ground. Frugivorous bird abundance was higher in more intensive orchards, and the most abundant frugivorous species (blackcap, song thrush, robin) were positively affected by olive availability and/or increasing landscape cover by olive orchards, while intensification level had relatively minor effects after accounting for other variables. Non-frugivorous richness and abundance were higher in traditional orchards, and many non-frugivorous species were less prevalent in more intensive orchards or negatively affected by landscapes dominated by olive cultivation. Synthesis and applications. While negatively affecting the wider bird community, our results suggest that olive farming intensification can contribute to sustain large numbers of frugivorous birds in the Mediterranean region. As frugivorous birds are not seen as damaging by olive farmers, there is an opportunity to promote their conservation in intensive and super-intensive orchards, which requires management to increase habitat heterogeneity, and to reduce risks such as mortality associated with mechanical harvest and contamination with pesticide residues. Overall, we recommend that efforts to manage farmland biodiversity should consider the impacts and conservation opportunities of fruit crop intensification.</p>
Quantitative Assessment of the Impact of Future Land Use Changes on Flood Risk Using Remote Sensing, Machine Learning, and a Hydraulic Model
<p> </p> <p>The RF Machine learning code </p> <p>Topological, geomorphology, geology, metrological information of the Tajan watershed.</p> <p>Land use land cover images of the Tajan watershed</p> <p>River, transportation roads, villages map </p> <p>Global damage function datasets.</p>
Data from: Contrasting impacts of land use change on phylogenetic and functional diversity of tropical forest birds
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Data from: Present conditions may mediate the legacy effect of past land-use changes on species richness and composition of above- and below-ground assemblages
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Data from: Wildfire activity and land use drove 20th-century changes in forest cover in the Colorado front range
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Data from: On the inconsistency of pollinator species traits for predicting either response to land-use change or functional contribution
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Data from: Response of net primary production to land use and climate changes in the middle-reaches of the Heihe River basin
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Data from: Annual temperature variation influences the vulnerability of montane bird communities to land-use change
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Preserving wintering frugivorous birds in agro‐ecosystems under land use change: Lessons from intensive and super-intensive olive orchards
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Seed predation and dispersal by small mammals in a landscape of fear: effects of personality, predation risk, and land-use change
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Stronger effect of litter quality than microorganisms on leaf and root litter C and N loss at different decomposition stages following a subtropical land use change
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Data from: Combining climate, land use change and dispersal to predict the distribution of endangered species with limited vagility
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Data from: How do habitat amount and habitat fragmentation drive time-delayed responses of biodiversity to land-use change?
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Data from: The changing contribution of top-down and bottom-up limitation of mesopredators during 220 years of land use and climate change
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Changes in plant species richness due to land use and nitrogen deposition across the globe
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Data from: Land use change increases climatic vulnerability of migratory birds: insights from integrated population modelling
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Data from: Predicting combined effects of land use and climate change on river and stream salinity
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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