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Fig. 4 in New artiodactyl ruminant mammal from the late Oligocene of Pakistan

Fig. 4. Palaeohypsodontus zinensis sp. nov., late Oligocene (Chattian), Lundo J2, Bugti Hills, Balochistan, Pakistan. Holotype (ISEM DBJ2−A1). A. S tereophoto of occlusal view. B. Stereophoto of labial view. Scale bars 1 cm.

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Fig. 3 in New artiodactyl ruminant mammal from the late Oligocene of Pakistan

Fig. 3. Simplified cladogram illustrating the interrelationships between different families of ruminants (modified from Janis and Scott 1987). The term "Gelocidae" designates a heterogeneous assemblage of extinct hornless pre−pecoran ruminants. The distribution of the characters discussed in the text are indicated by symbols.

FIGURE 6 in Revision of so-called Pomatoschistus (Gobiiformes, Teleostei) from the late Eocene and early Oligocene

FIGURE 6. †Paralates chapelcorneri n. sp., NHMUK PV P 59785. 1. Complete specimen. 2. Region of the first dorsal fin. Arrows point from the pterygiophores to the interneural spaces into which each inserts. Pterygiophore formula = 3-2121100 The spinous rays of the first dorsal fin are marked with roman numerals. Abbreviations: 1–7 = pterygiophores, ptm = post-temporal, ns-v3–10 = neural spines of vertebrae 3–10, v2–4 = vertebral centra 2–4.

FIGURE 4 in Revision of so-called Pomatoschistus (Gobiiformes, Teleostei) from the late Eocene and early Oligocene

FIGURE 4. †Paralates bleicheri Sauvage, 1883, NMB Ruf. 18. 1. Viewed under normal light. (Photo by M. Schellenberger.) 2. Imaged with UV light. (Photo by H. Tischlinger.)

FIGURE 5 in Revision of so-called Pomatoschistus (Gobiiformes, Teleostei) from the late Eocene and early Oligocene

FIGURE 5. †Paralates chapelcorneri n. sp., NHMUK PV P 59786. 1. Skull. 2. Complete specimen. 3. Detail of opercle with cycloid scales. Abbreviations: art = anguloarticular, d = dentary, ect = ectopterygoid, f = frontal, meth = mesethmoid, mx = maxilla, op = opercle, pmx = premaxilla, pop = preopercle, q = quadrate, scl = supracleithrum.

FIGURE 7 in Revision of so-called Pomatoschistus (Gobiiformes, Teleostei) from the late Eocene and early Oligocene

FIGURE 7. †Paralates chapelcorneri n. sp., NHMUK PV P59785_counterpart. 1. Complete specimen. 2. Caudal skeleton and fin. Small Roman numerals in parentheses label unbranched, unsegmented rays, small Roman numerals indicate segmented unbranched rays, and Arabic numerals designate segmented, branched rays (after Fricke, 1983). Abbreviations: epu = epural, hpu = hemal spine of preural centrum, hy = hypural, npu = neural spine of preural centrum, phy = parhypural, pu = preural centrum, us = urostyle.

FIGURE 2 in Revision of so-called Pomatoschistus (Gobiiformes, Teleostei) from the late Eocene and early Oligocene

FIGURE 2. †Paralates bleicheri Sauvage, 1883. 1. NMB Ruf. 13_1 skull. 2. NMB Ruf. 15b (Neotype, designated by Gaudant, 1979). 3. NMB Ruf. 15a. Abbreviations: chy = ceratohyal, d = dentary, f = frontal, mx = maxilla, meth = mesethmoid, op = opercle, pmx = premaxilla, pop = preopercle, q = quadrate, sop = subopercle. (Photos by M. Schellenberger.)

FIGURE 3 in Revision of so-called Pomatoschistus (Gobiiformes, Teleostei) from the late Eocene and early Oligocene

FIGURE 3. Comparison of frontals (highlighted by the black lines). 1. †Paralates bleicheri Sauvage, 1883, NMB Ruf. 13_1 skull mirrored. (Photo by M. Schellenberger.) 2. †Paralates chapelcorneri n. sp., NHMUK PV P 59786. Same scale for both skulls.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of so-called Pomatoschistus (Gobiiformes, Teleostei) from the late Eocene and early Oligocene

FIGURE 1. Phylogeny of the Gobiiformes according to Thacker et al. (2015) and Nelson et al. (2016). 6brG = gobiiforms with six branchiostegal rays, 5brG = gobiiforms with five branchiostegal rays.

FIGURE 8 in Revision of so-called Pomatoschistus (Gobiiformes, Teleostei) from the late Eocene and early Oligocene

FIGURE 8. †Paralates chapelcorneri n. sp., NHMUK PV P 59784. 1. Complete specimen. 2. Skull showing possible symplectic and six branchiostegals. Abbreviations: 1–6 = branchiostegals, ect = ectopterygoid, mpt = metapterygoid, sf = suspensorium fenestra, sym = symplectic. (Photos by K. Webb; © The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London)

Fig. 10 in Fossil water scavenger beetles of the subtribe Hydrobiusina (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from the Late Oligocene locality of Aix-en-Provence (France)

Fig. 10. Distribution of recent and fossil species of the genus Limnoxenus. F – Late Oligocene record of L. olenus sp. nov.

Figs. 7–8 in Fossil water scavenger beetles of the subtribe Hydrobiusina (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from the Late Oligocene locality of Aix-en-Provence (France)

Figs. 7–8. 'Hydrobius' obsoletus Heer, 1856, holotype (7 – photograph in the light from above; 8 – photograph in the light from side).

Figs. 3–6 in Fossil water scavenger beetles of the subtribe Hydrobiusina (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from the Late Oligocene locality of Aix-en-Provence (France)

Figs. 3–6. Limnoxenus olenus sp. nov. 3–4 – holotype (3 – part, 4 – counterpart); 5–6 – paratype (5 – part, 6 – counterpart).

Figs. 1–2 in Fossil water scavenger beetles of the subtribe Hydrobiusina (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from the Late Oligocene locality of Aix-en-Provence (France)

Figs. 1–2. Limnoxenus olenus sp. nov., holotype (1 – part, 2 – counterpart). Abbreviations: aps – anapleural suture; aes3 – anepisternum 3; cxc2 – mesocoxal cavities; fcs – frontoclypeal suture; guls – gular suture; mxp4 – maxillary palpomere 4; msd – mesoventrite depression; msv – mesoventrite; mt – mentum; mtv – metaventrite; prc – prosternal carina; sc – scutellar shield; sstr – elytral sutural stria; tf – transverse fold of prothorax.

Fig. 9 in Fossil water scavenger beetles of the subtribe Hydrobiusina (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) from the Late Oligocene locality of Aix-en-Provence (France)

Fig. 9. Single most parsimonous tree of the analysis using implied weighting. Full dot: unique (syn)apomorphy, empty dot: homoplasy or reversal apomorphy. Only the part of the tree containing the species of Hydrobiusina is shown.

Fig. 6 in Paleontology and Geochronology of the Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Moquegua, Perú

Fig. 6. Comparative anatomy of dp4 and m1 of Sallamys spp. A, Right dp4 and m1 of S. quispea, sp. nov. (holotype, MUSM 1404), shown as a SEM micrograph (left) and a line drawing (right) to illustrate the terminology used in the text. (Terminology based on Patterson and Wood, 1982; and Candela, 1999: Abbreviations: hypf 5 hypoflexid; hyp-lophd 5 hypolophid; mesf 5 mesoflexid; post-lophid 5 posterolophid; prtcnd 5 protoconid.) B, is the right dp4 and m1 of PU 20909, Sallamys pascuali, in which the dp4 reflects the morphology of that of the holotype (Hoffstetter and Lavocat, 1970). C is a left dp4 and m1 (digitally reversed to appear as right) of Sallamys, cf. S. pascuali, UF 114458, in which the morphology of the dp4 is distinct from that of the holotype and referred specimen PU 20909 (see Patterson and Wood, 1982: fig. 5d, and text for discussion). Photo of PU 20909 º Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, Connecticut.

Fig. 3 in Paleontology and Geochronology of the Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Moquegua, Perú

Fig. 3. Ar age spectra for the Sugarloaf biotite of Cerro Pan de Azúcar. TFA 5 total fusion age; WMPA

Fig. 7. Moqueguahippus glycisma. A, MUSM 676 in Paleontology and Geochronology of the Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Moquegua, Perú

Fig. 7. Moqueguahippus glycisma. A, MUSM 676, (left) left rostrum with I2-3, dC, C, dP1 and P2; (right) close up of dentition; and MUSM 964: B, left astragalus in (clockwise) dorsal, lateral, distal, and plantar views; C, right unciform in dorsal and distal views; and D, two manual ungual phalanges in dorsal view.

Fig. 5 in Paleontology and Geochronology of the Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Moquegua, Perú

Fig. 5. Holotype of Sallamys quispea, MUSM 1404. Micrographs provide views from four perspectives (occlusal [A], lateral [B], medial [C], and medial oblique [D]) as well as close ups of the occlusal surfaces of m1 (E) and dp4 (F).

Fig. 1 in Paleontology and Geochronology of the Deseadan (late Oligocene) of Moquegua, Perú

Fig. 1. Geologic map of the fossil localities of the upper Moquegua Formation. Based on: Bellido, E. and C. Guevara. 1961 (Mapa Geológico del Cuadrángulo de Clemensí, Carta Geológica Nacional y Instituto Geográfico Militar); Shockey et al., 2006: fig 1; and satellite images from Google Earth. Trachytheriine localities of Bolivia are indicated in insert map at upper right: Salla (Trachytherus alloxus); A, Lacayani (T. spegazzinianus); and B, Río Iru Pluma (T. subandinus).