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Figure 7 in Diversity in Australia's tropical savannas: An integrative taxonomic revision of agamid lizards from the genera Amphibolurus and Lophognathus (Lacertilia: Agamidae)

Figure 7. Variation in white pigmentation on tympanums of Lophognathus sp. nov., L. gilberti and L. gilberti centralis. Orientation of the tympanums is provided under images. Museum registration numbers for the individual lizards photographed are also provided.

Figure 5 in Diversity in Australia's tropical savannas: An integrative taxonomic revision of agamid lizards from the genera Amphibolurus and Lophognathus (Lacertilia: Agamidae)

Figure 5. Primary type specimens: a,Amphibolurus centralis (MCZ 35207); b, Gowidon longirostris (BMNH 1946.8.28.73); c, Lophognathus gilbert (BMNH1946.8.28.69); d, Tropicagama temporalis (BMNH 1946.8.28.72).

Figure 3 in Diversity in Australia's tropical savannas: An integrative taxonomic revision of agamid lizards from the genera Amphibolurus and Lophognathus (Lacertilia: Agamidae)

Figure 3. Results from the integrative taxonomic approach to species delimitation. Genera are designated by a multicoloured horizontal bars at the top of the figure, and species within genera are designated by a number in black above a coloured vertical segment. Segment colours and species numbers correspond to those in fig.1.

Figure 1 in Diversity in Australia's tropical savannas: An integrative taxonomic revision of agamid lizards from the genera Amphibolurus and Lophognathus (Lacertilia: Agamidae)

Figure 1. MtDNA phylogenetic tree for the genera Lophognathus, Amphibolurus and Chlamydosaurus reproduced from Melville et al. (2011). Tree presented is a Bayesian 50% majority-rule consensus tree based on ~1200 bp mitochondrial DNA (ND2). Bayesian posterior probabilities and ML boostraps are provided on branches. Sample identification numbers are either Genbank accession numbers for previously published sequences or museum IDs (shown in brackets) for samples sequenced previously. Vertical bars indicate species following the taxonomic revision.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2019View details →

Figure 2. Images from micro X in Taxonomic revision of dragon lizards in the genus Diporiphora (Reptilia: Agamidae) from the Australian monsoonal tropics

Figure 2. Images from micro X-ray computed tomography scans showing the differences in pleurodont (canine) tooth number in the upper jaw: a, arrangement in D. bennettii species group; b, other species groups included in the current study.

Fig. 5 in The Body Size, Age Structure And Growth Pattern Of The Endemic Balkan Mosor Rock Lizard (Dinarolacerta Mosorensis Kolombatović, 1886)

Fig. 5. The growth curves of male and female Mosor rock lizards. Age was assessed by skeletochronology, while the growth curves were fitted to VON BERTALANFFY's equation

Fig. 2. A in The Body Size, Age Structure And Growth Pattern Of The Endemic Balkan Mosor Rock Lizard (Dinarolacerta Mosorensis Kolombatović, 1886)

Fig. 2. A cross-section of the femur diaphysis of an adult female Mosor rock lizard. Eight LAGs are shown (LAGs appear as thin dark lines); the first LAG is partly eroded, while the outer LAGs are closely spaced (decreasing intervals between them indicate a shift in a resource allocation after sex-

Fig. 1 in The Body Size, Age Structure And Growth Pattern Of The Endemic Balkan Mosor Rock Lizard (Dinarolacerta Mosorensis Kolombatović, 1886)

Fig. 1. The sample size and body length (SVL) distribution of Mosor rock lizard hatchlings, subadults and adults

Fig. 3 in The Body Size, Age Structure And Growth Pattern Of The Endemic Balkan Mosor Rock Lizard (Dinarolacerta Mosorensis Kolombatović, 1886)

Fig. 3. The distributions of the first and second visible LAGs. The first deposited LAG has been resorbed in sections in which the diameter of the first visible LAG is greater than 0.60 µm

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Figure 1 in New records and updated distribution of the endemic Balkan rock lizards Dinarolacerta spp. in Montenegro

Figure 1. Updated distribution of D. mosorensis (circles) and D. montenegrina (triangles) in Montenegro (locality numbers explained in Appendix I). Solid symbols – new records; open symbols - literature data.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2009View details →

Fig. 1 in A New Locality of the Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis siculus (Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1810) from Turkey

Fig. 1. Current distribution of Podarcis siculus hieroglyphicus in Turkey (after Uğurtaş et al. 2000, with supplements). Legend: ● – known localities; - the new locality (explanations are in the text).

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Data for: Effects of testosterone on gene expression are concordant between sexes but divergent across species of Sceloporus lizards

Hormones mediate sexual dimorphism by regulating sex-specific patterns of gene expression, but it is unclear how much of this regulation involves sex-specific hormone levels versus sex-specific transcriptomic responses to the same hormonal signal. Moreover, transcriptomic responses to hormones can evolve, but the extent to which hormonal pleiotropy in gene regulation is conserved across closely related species is not well understood. We addressed these issues by elevating testosterone levels in juvenile females and males of three Sceloporus lizard species prior to sexual divergence in circulating testosterone, then characterizing transcriptomic responses in the liver. In each species, more genes were responsive to testosterone in males than in females, suggesting that early developmental processes prime sex-specific transcriptomic responses to testosterone later in life. However, overall transcriptomic responses to testosterone were concordant between sexes, with no genes exhibiting sex-by-treatment interactions. By contrast, hundreds of genes exhibited species-by-treatment interactions, particularly when comparing distantly related species with different patterns of sexual dimorphism, suggesting evolutionary lability in gene regulation by testosterone. Collectively, our results indicate that early organizational effects may lead to sex-specific differences in the magnitude, but not the direction, of transcriptomic responses to testosterone, and that the hormone-genome interface accrues regulatory changes over evolutionary time.

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2017View details →

Figure 1. A in The predator becomes the prey: the katydid Erechthis gundlachi Bolívar, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) feeding upon the Cuban lizard Anolis homolechis (Cope, 1864) (Squamata: Dactyloidae), with some notes on Hispaniolan Erechthis Bolívar, 1888

Figure 1. A. Male of Anolis viridius Köhler & Blair Hedges, 2016 preying upon Erechthis ayiti at Polo, Bahoruco, southwestern Dominican Republic. B. Female of Anolis cyanostictus Mertens, 1939 preying upon a juvenile female unidentified Conocephalinae at National Botanical Garden, Santo Domingo, southern Dominican Republic. Photos courtesy Fr. Alejandro Sánchez.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2017View details →

Figure 2. Adult female Erechthis gundlachi predating upon a in The predator becomes the prey: the katydid Erechthis gundlachi Bolívar, 1888 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) feeding upon the Cuban lizard Anolis homolechis (Cope, 1864) (Squamata: Dactyloidae), with some notes on Hispaniolan Erechthis Bolívar, 1888

Figure 2. Adult female Erechthis gundlachi predating upon a juvenile male Anolis homolechis at La Gran Piedra, Santiago de Cuba, southeastern Cuba: A. Photographed at nature when found. B. Photographed after preservation, with millimetric scale for reference.

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Data from: Understanding species boundaries that arise from complex histories: Gene flow across the speciation continuum in the spotted whiptail lizards

Gene flow between diverging lineages challenges the resolution of species boundaries and the understanding of evolutionary history in recent radiations. Here, we integrate phylogenetic and coalescent tools to resolve reticulate patterns of diversification and use a perspective focused on evolutionary mechanisms to distinguish interspecific and intraspecific taxonomic variation. We use this approach to resolve the systematics for one of the most intensively studied but difficult to understand groups of reptiles: the spotted whiptail lizards of the genus Aspidoscelis (A. gularis complex). Whiptails contain the largest number of unisexual species known within any vertebrate group and the spotted whiptail complex has played a key role in the generation of this diversity through hybrid speciation. Understanding lineage boundaries and the evolutionary history of divergence and reticulation within this group is therefore key to understanding the generation of unisexual diversity in whiptails. Despite this importance, long-standing confusion about their systematics has impeded understanding of which gonochoristic species have contributed to the formation of unisexual lineages. Using reduced representation genomic data, we resolve patterns of divergence and gene flow within the spotted whiptails and clarify patterns of hybrid speciation. We find evidence that biogeographically structured ecological and environmental variation has been important in morphological and genetic diversification, as well as the maintenance of species boundaries in this system. Our study elucidates how gene flow among lineages and the continuous nature of speciation can bias the practice of species delimitation and lead taxonomists operating under different frameworks to different conclusions (here we propose that a two species arrangement best reflects our current understanding). In doing so, this study provides conceptual and methodological insights into approaches to resolving diversification patterns and species boundaries in rapid radiations with complex histories, as well as long-standing taxonomic challenges in the field of systematic biology.

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

Fig. 1 in Temperature-based activity estimation accurately predicts surface activity, but not microhabitat use, in the Endangered heliothermic lizard Gambelia sila

Fig. 1. Methodology used to predict morning emergence time of Gambelia sila. Emergence was predicted as the time of day immediately preceding a distinct upward slope in the lizard's T b (triangles and dotted line) based on the assumption that it would take several minutes for the radio transmitter to heat in the sun. The rising Tb was also typically associated with the departure from the burrow physical model temperatures (diamonds and long-dashed line) and the approach of the open (sun) physical model temperatures (squares and short-dashed line). In each case, the predicted time was then compared to the observed emergence time when the lizard's head first appeared outside its burrow. The average difference between observed and predicted emergence times was 11 minutes and 37 seconds.

Fig. 4 in Temperature-based activity estimation accurately predicts surface activity, but not microhabitat use, in the Endangered heliothermic lizard Gambelia sila

Fig. 4. Proportions of correctly predicted observations of microhabitat use of Gambelia sila using temperature-based activity estimation based on physical model temperatures. Lizard microhabitat use was predicted correctly most often when they were in the open, but overall microhabitat use was not accurately predicted with TBAE in this heliothermic lizard.

Fig. 3 in Temperature-based activity estimation accurately predicts surface activity, but not microhabitat use, in the Endangered heliothermic lizard Gambelia sila

Fig. 3. Temperature-based activity estimation resulted in accurate prediction of above-ground activity by Gambelia sila more often than accurate prediction of below-ground (burrow) occupation. Using air temperature (T air) was superior to using physical model temperatures when predicting below-ground occupation. For both methods, ~93% of observations predicted to be above ground were correct, whereas 62% (using T air) and 51% (using physical models) were correct for below-ground predictions.

Fig. 2 in Temperature-based activity estimation accurately predicts surface activity, but not microhabitat use, in the Endangered heliothermic lizard Gambelia sila

Fig. 2. Proportions of correct predictions using air temperature to predict surface activity versus below-ground refuge use of Gambelia sila. This method resulted in accurate predictions 64–76% of the time among the various temperature differentials shown on the x-axis. Predictions were maximized (76% correct) using the criterion that lizards are above ground when their body temperatures (T b) are at least 6 °C above the air temperature (T ).