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Figs. 57–59 in A Cladistic Analysis of the Therini: A New Synonym of the Cidariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Figs. 57–59. Sterigmata, ductus, and corpus bursae of female genitalia (continued). 57. Pennithera comis, 58. Thera cyphoschema, 59. Thera exangulata.

Fig. 61. One cladogram derived from successive weighting approach using NONA. See fig. 60 in A Cladistic Analysis of the Therini: A New Synonym of the Cidariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Fig. 61. One cladogram derived from successive weighting approach using NONA. See fig. 60 for generic abbreviations and symbols. Each node number is indicated.

Figs. 24 –28 in A Cladistic Analysis of the Therini: A New Synonym of the Cidariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Figs. 24 –28. Complex of tegumen, vinculum, and saccus of the male genitalia. 24. Praethera praefecta, 25. Thera variata, 26. Diathera fluctuata, 27. Pennithera comis, 28. Heterothera postalbida. Un uncus, Tg tegumen, Vn vinculum, Sc Saccus.

Fig. 60 in A Cladistic Analysis of the Therini: A New Synonym of the Cidariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Fig. 60. Strict consensus cladogram derived from unweighted analysis using NONA. Abbreviations: C Cidaria, D Dysstroma, P Plemyria, Pe Pennithera, Pd Paradysstroma, Pr Praethera, Ps Pseudodysstroma, H Heterothera, T Thera, Di Diathera. Plus signs (+) indicate a taxon or node that produces the polytomy in the consensus cladogram; asterisks (*) indicate taxa that have ambiguous taxonomic positions.

Figs. 8–13 in A Cladistic Analysis of the Therini: A New Synonym of the Cidariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Figs. 8–13. Adults (continued). 8. Thera variata, 9. T. vetustata, 10. T. firmata, 11. Diathera fluctuata, 12. Pennithera comis, 13. P. lugubris.

Figs. 2–7. Adults. 2. Praethera praefecta, 3. Heterothera postalbida, 4. H. quadrifulta, 5. H. dentifasciata, 6. H. incerta, 7. H in A Cladistic Analysis of the Therini: A New Synonym of the Cidariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Figs. 2–7. Adults. 2. Praethera praefecta, 3. Heterothera postalbida, 4. H. quadrifulta, 5. H. dentifasciata, 6. H. incerta, 7. H. serraria.

Figs. 18–23 in A Cladistic Analysis of the Therini: A New Synonym of the Cidariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Figs. 18–23. Scanning electron micrographs of male antennae, ventral surface. 18. Thera variata (×110), 19. Praethera praefecta (×150), 20. H. firmata (×150), 21. Heterothera taigana (×130), 22. Pennithera comis (×110), 23. H. serraria (×150).

Figs. 52–56 in A Cladistic Analysis of the Therini: A New Synonym of the Cidariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Figs. 52–56. Sterigmata, ductus, and corpus bursae of female genitalia. 52. Praethera praefecta, 53. Thera variata, 54. Diathera fluctuata, 55. Heterothera quadrifulta, 56. H. serraria. La lamella antevaginalis, Sg signum, Db ductus bursae, Cb corpus bursae.

Figs. 45–51 in A Cladistic Analysis of the Therini: A New Synonym of the Cidariini (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Larentiinae)

Figs. 45–51. Aedeagus with everted vesica of male genitalia. 45. Praethera praefecta, 46. Thera variata, 47. Pennithera comis, 48. Thera cyphoschema, 49. Diathera fluctuata, 50. Heterothera quadrifulta, 51. Thera exangulata. Vs vesica, Ct cornuti, D diverticulum.

Fig. 4 in Revision of the genera Pseudotraulia Laosinchai & Jago, 1980 and Bannacris Zheng, 1980 (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with proposal of new synonyms

Fig. 4. ♂ (DU) of Bannacris punctonotus Zheng, 1980 syn. nov. (= Pseudotraulia cornuata Laosinchai & Jago, 1980). A–B. Abdominal apex in dorsal and lateral views. C–G. Epiphallus in dorsal, dorsofrontal, frontal, dorsolateral and lateral views. H–J. Phallic complex in dorsal, lateral and ventral views.

Fig. 2 in Revision of the genera Pseudotraulia Laosinchai & Jago, 1980 and Bannacris Zheng, 1980 (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with proposal of new synonyms

Fig. 2. ♀♀ of Bannacris punctonotus Zheng, 1980 syn. nov. (= Pseudotraulia cornuata Laosinchai & Jago, 1980). A–D. Holotype (SNU), ♀. A–B. Habitus in dorsal and lateral views. C. Inner side of hind leg. D. Labels of the holotype (SNU), ♀. E–N. Closeup of additional materials. E, G–H. Head in frontal view. F. Head and thorax in lateral view. I–J. Meso- and metasterna. K. Outer side of hind femur. L–N. Abdomen in dorsal, lateral and ventral views.

Fig. 1 in Revision of the genera Pseudotraulia Laosinchai & Jago, 1980 and Bannacris Zheng, 1980 (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with proposal of new synonyms

Fig. 1. Pseudotraulia cornuata Laosinchai & Jago, 1980. A–E. Holotype (DAB), ♂. A–C. Habitus in dorsal, lateral and ventral views. D. Abdominal apex, lateral view. E. Labels. F–J. Paratype (DAB), ♀. F–H. Habitus in dorsal, lateral and ventral views. I. Abdominal apex, ventral view. J. Labels. K. Living ♀ from Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand. L. Living ♀ from Nan Province, Northern Thailand.

Fig. 3. Bannacris punctonotus Zheng, 1980 in Revision of the genera Pseudotraulia Laosinchai & Jago, 1980 and Bannacris Zheng, 1980 (Orthoptera: Acrididae) with proposal of new synonyms

Fig. 3. Bannacris punctonotus Zheng, 1980 syn. nov. (= Pseudotraulia cornuata Laosinchai & Jago, 1980). A–B. ♂ (SNU) from Yunnan, Jinghong, Jinuo, habitus in dorsal and lateral views. C–J. ♂ (DU) from Yunnan, Jinghong, Yexianggu. C–E. Habitus of in dorsal, lateral and ventral views. F. Head in frontal view.G. Head and thorax in lateral view. H. Meso- and metasterna in ventral view. I –J. Abdomen in dorsal and lateral views.

FIG. 26 in Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798)

FIG. 26. — Female genital inner of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798): A, B, D, ventral; C, dorsal. Abbreviations: Bb, spermathecal bulb; Br, bristles; Dc, distal spermathecal conduit; Fb, first branch; Hp, hook-shaped process; Pc, spermathecal proximal conduit; Pp, lobular papillae; Sn, spine; Spm: spermathecal pump; Vf IX, valvifers IX; Vv VIII, valvulae VIII; Vv IX, valvulae IX; Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIG. 25 in Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798)

FIG. 25. —. Female genital plates of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798): A-F, ventral. Abbreviations: Lt VIII, laterotergite VIII; Lt IX, laterotergite IX; Vf VIII, valvifer VIII; Vf IX, valvifers IX. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 24 in Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798)

FIG. 24. — Aedeagus of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798): A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, lateral. Abbreviations: Bsp, bottom side process; Dp, dorsal process; Ds, Ductus seminis; Ph, Phallothecae; Usp, upper side process; Vp, ventral process. Scale bars: 1 mm.

FIG. 21 in Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798)

FIG. 21. — Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798) female: A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, lateral. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 20 in Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798)

FIG. 20. — Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798) male. A, dorsal; B, ventral; C, lateral. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 18. — A, D in Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798)

FIG. 18. — A, D, Pachylis peramplus Brailovsky & Guerrero, 2014; B, F, Pachylis gigas Klug in Burmeister, 1835 stat. rev.; C, Pachylis pharaonis (Herbst, 1784); E, Pachylis nervosus Dallas, 1852; G, Pachylis carchinus (Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., 1994B) n. comb.; H, Pachylis rutilus (Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., 1994b). n. comb.; I, Pachylis acutangulus Stål, 1858 stat. rev.; J, Pachylis neocalifornicus (Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., 1994b) n. comb.; K, Pachylis heteropus (Latreille, 1811) stat. rev.; L, Pachylis luteolus (Brailovsky & Barrera in Brailovsky et al., 1994b) n. comb.; M, Pachylis odonnellae (Schaefer & Packauskas in Brailovsky et al., 1994b) n. comb. A-M, dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 mm. Image credits: F-M, modified from Brailovsky et al. (1994B).

FIG. 17. — A, F in Phylogeny of Pachylis Lepeletier & Serville, 1825 (Hemiptera, Coreidae, Coreinae) with Thasus Stål, 1865 as a new synonym, and the redescription of Pachylis laticornis (Fabricius, 1798)

FIG. 17. — A, F, Pachylis pharaonis (Herbst, 1784); B, Pachylis gigas Klug, 1835 in Burmeister (1835) stat. rev.; C, G, Pachylis bipunctatus (Thunberg, 1825); D, Pachylis argentinus Berg, 1879; E, Pachylis nervosus Dallas, 1852; A-F, dorsal view; F-G, ventral view. Scale bars: A-G, 5 mm.