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PLATE 1. Pupinidae and Achatinellidae. A in Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917

PLATE 1. Pupinidae and Achatinellidae. A, Cyclophorus cytora Gray, 1850, Auckland, syntype, NHMUK 1849.12.3.43; B, Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus?) lignarium Pfeiffer, 1857, New Zealand, lectotype, NHMUK 1968851/1; C, Realia egea Gray, 1850, Auckland, syntype, NHMUK 1849.12.3.131–132 & 1850.12.28.492–495; D, Realia turriculata Pfeiffer, 1855, New Zealand, syntype, NHMUK 1954.4.13.1.2–3; E, Tornatellides subperforatus kermadecensis Pilsbry & Cooke, 1915, Raoul Island, holotype, ANSP 8315; F, Tornatellina kermadecensis Pilsbry & Cooke, 1915, Sunday [Raoul] Island, paratype, ANSP 8316; G, Tornatellina (Tornatellinops) iredalei Pilsbry & Cooke, 1915, Sunday [Raoul] Island, paratype, ANSP 8312; H, Tornatellina (Tornatellinops) raoulensis Pilsbry & Cooke, 1915, Raoul Island, paratype, ANSP 8313.

PLATE 14 in Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917

PLATE 14. Reproductions of previous illustrations. Charopidae, Punctidae and Zonitidae. A, Vitrina dimidiata Pfeiffer, 1853, Reeve (1862: pl. 10, fig. 72), New Zealand, possible syntype, dimensions not stated; B, Nanina? kivi Gray, 1843: 262, Smith (1874: pl. 1, fig. 1), New Zealand, holotype (10.6 x 8.5 mm); C, Helix phlogophora Pfeiffer, 1850, Pfeiffer (1853 [in 1852– 1860]: pl. 155, fig. 4), New Zealand, syntype (Höhe 1 ¾''', Durchmesser 3 ½'''; 6.5 x 3.0 mm, according to Pfeiffer, 1850: 127); D, Helix multilimbata Hombron & Jacquinot, 1847: pl. 6, figs. 5–7, New Zealand, syntype (8.0 mm x 5.0 mm); E, Helix pilula Reeve, 1852: pl. 132, fig. 809, New Zealand, syntype, dimensions not stated [= Helix iota Pfeiffer, 1853 syntype]; F, Helix pilula Reeve, 1852, Suter (1897c: 284, text fig.), New Zealand, syntype, NHMUK 20140673 (3.5 x 2.5 mm) [= Helix iota Pfeiffer, 1853 syntype]; G, Nanina tullia Gray, 1850, Reeve (1854: pl. 207: fig. 1460), Auckland, syntype?, dimensions not stated; H, Helix varicosa Pfeiffer, 1853, Climo (1969b: text figs. 16 A–C), New Zealand, lectotype, dimensions not stated [= Helix varicosa Reeve, 1852 syntype]; I, Helix glabriuscula Reeve, 1852: pl. 133, fig. 822, New Zealand, syntype, dimensions not stated; J, Helix corneafulva Pfeiffer, 1861, Pfeiffer (1867 [in 1867–1869]: 325, pl. 78, figs. 11–13), Bay of Islands, syntype (9.5 x 4.3 mm); K, Helix (Theba) ziczac Gould, 1846: 166, Gould (1856: pl. 3, fig. 44, a–c), New Zealand, syntype (7.6 x 4.2 mm).

PLATE 15 in Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917

PLATE 15. Reproductions of previous illustrations. Bothriembryontidae, Rhytididae, and taxa not from New Zealand or of uncertain provenance. A, Bulimus shongii Lesson, 1830: Mollusques, pl. 7, figs. 4, 5, Kerikeri, syntype ('3 pouces de hauteur', = c. 81 mm); B, Helix busbyii Gray, 1840, Smith (1874: pl. 1, fig. 4), New Zealand, syntype, NHMUK 1840.10.30.2 (65.0 x 32.1 mm); C, Helix hochstetteri Pfeiffer, 1861, Hochstetter (1867: 169, text fig.), Pikikiruna Range, holotype?, shell dimensions not stated; D, Helix taranaki Pfeiffer, 1846, Pfeiffer (1849 [in 1849–1853]: pl. 75, figs. 4, 5), syntype (Höhe 4'", Durchmesser 8 1/2'"; 17.0 x 8.0 mm, according to Pfeiffer 1846: 79); E, Helix ophelia Reeve, 1854: pl. 191, fig. 1345, syntype, dimensions not stated [= Helix ophelia Pfeiffer, 1855 syntype]; F, Balea peregrina Gould, 1847: 198, Gould (1856: pl. 7, fig. 105), syntype, USNM 5507 (9.5 x 2.5 mm); G, Bulimus antipodarum Gray, 1843: 247, Smith (1874: pl. 1, fig. 5—as Bulimus antipodum), holotype (25.4 x 25.4 mm).

PLATE 6. Charopidae. A in Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917

PLATE 6. Charopidae. A, Ptychodon magdalenae Ancey, 1891, New Zealand, syntype, NMW.1955.158.24208; B, Helix pilula Reeve, 1852 syntype [= Helix iota Pfeiffer, 1853 syntype], New Zealand, NHMUK 20140673; C, Pupa novoseelandica Küster, 1852 syntype [= Pupa novoseelandica Pfeiffer, 1853 syntype], New Zealand, NHMUK 1974046–47; D, Helix portia Gray, 1850, Auckland, syntype, NHMUK 1849.12.3.59–62 & 1850.12.28.454–458; E, Endodonta (Charopa) prestoni Sykes, 1895, Otaki Gorge, syntype, NHMUK 20150022; F, Endodonta (Charopa) prestoni Sykes, 1895, Otaki Gorge, syntype, NMNZ M.22441; G, Allodiscus stewartensis David, 1934, Stewart Island, holotype, SMF Typus Nr. 6726; H, Helix stipulata Reeve, 1852 lectotype [= Helix alpha Pfeiffer, 1853 syntype], New Zealand, NHMUK 1985026.

PLATE 5. Charopidae. A in Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917

PLATE 5. Charopidae. A, Helix eta Pfeiffer, 1853 lectotype [= Helix corniculum Reeve, 1852 syntype], New Zealand, NHMUK 1962725; B, Helix hypopolea Reeve, 1852 syntype [= Helix hypopolia Pfeiffer, 1853 syntype], New Zealand, NHMUK 10140868; C, Helix igniflua Reeve, 1852 syntype [= Helix lambda Pfeiffer, 1853 syntype], New Zealand, NHMUK 1996112; D, Helix obnubila Reeve, 1852, New Zealand, syntype, NHMUK 20041001; E, Helix infecta Reeve, 1852 lectotype [= Helix zeta Pfeiffer, 1853 syntype], New Zealand, NHMUK 1962726/1; F, Helix irradiata Gould, 1846, Bay of Islands, holotype, USNM 5467; G, Helix radiaria Pfeiffer, 1855, 'Salomon's Islands', syntype, NHMUK 20140672.

PLATE 2. Charopidae. A in Type material of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described from New Zealand by taxonomists in Europe and North America between 1830 and 1934, and the history of research on the New Zealand land snail fauna from 1824 to 1917

PLATE 2. Charopidae. A, Helix anguiculus Reeve, 1852, New Zealand, lectotype, NHMUK 1971049; B, Helix antipoda Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841, Auckland Islands, syntype, MNHN-IM-2000-27777; C, Helix barbatula Reeve, 1852 lectotype [= Helix beta Pfeiffer, 1853 syntype], New Zealand, NHMUK 1962723; D, Helix biconcava Reeve, 1852 syntype [= Helix biconcava Pfeiffer, 1853 syntype], New Zealand, NHMUK 20040907; E, Flammulina (Allodiscus) chion Sykes, 1896, Inglewood, syntype, NHMUK 1915.1.4.129.

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Fig. 1 in Life history of the ground beetle Diacheila polita (Faldermann, 1835) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Subarctic and Arctic of North Europe and West Siberia

Fig. 1. Sex and age structure of the population of D. polita according to collecting by pitfall traps on Kolguyev Island in 2009. Рис. 1. Поло-воЗрастнаЯ структура популЯции D. polita по данным учётов почвенными ловуШками на о-ве Колгуев в 2009 г.

FIGURE 6 in Ranunculus schmalhausenii (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a neglected water crowfoot endemic to Fennoscandia-a case of rapid hybrid speciation in postglacial environment of North Europe

FIGURE 6. Ranunculus schmalhausenii in the wild in Republic of Karelia, Russia: A—plant in deep water of lake Srednee Kuito (vicinity of town Kalevala), B—whole plant in the shallow of lake Bolshoe Severnoe (vicinity of village Sosnovyi), C, D—floating upper vegetativegenerative part in the shallow of lake Bolshoe Severnoe (vicinity of village Sosnovyi). Photos A.A. Bobrov, (A) 16 July 2012, (B–D) 17 July 2012.

FIGURE 5 in Ranunculus schmalhausenii (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a neglected water crowfoot endemic to Fennoscandia-a case of rapid hybrid speciation in postglacial environment of North Europe

FIGURE 5. Herbarium specimens (H) of Ranunculus schmalhausenii of different morphotypes: A—typical lake form (Russia, Murmansk region, lake Notozero, H 801405), B—typical river form (Finland, Kittilä Lapland, Ylikylä, H 801383), C—form with lobed petals (Finland, Finland proper, Jalassaari, H 801409), D—form with many petaled flowers (Finland, South Häme, lake Norijärvi, H 043172).

FIGURE 4 in Ranunculus schmalhausenii (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a neglected water crowfoot endemic to Fennoscandia-a case of rapid hybrid speciation in postglacial environment of North Europe

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic relations within Batrachium taxa based on the rpl32-trnL region. Unrooted tree was built in MEGA5 using Maximum Likelihood method (ML). Bootstrap support values from 1000 replicates are shown next to the branches.

FIGURE 8 in Ranunculus schmalhausenii (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a neglected water crowfoot endemic to Fennoscandia-a case of rapid hybrid speciation in postglacial environment of North Europe

FIGURE 8. Individual plant of Ranunculus schmalhausenii (Russia, Republic of Karelia, lake Verknyaya Kuzemka, IBIW) with different types of shoots: A—vegetative, prostrate shoots, B—lower part of generative shoot, C—upper part of generative shoot.

FIGURE 1 in Ranunculus schmalhausenii (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a neglected water crowfoot endemic to Fennoscandia-a case of rapid hybrid speciation in postglacial environment of North Europe

FIGURE 1. Geographical range of Ranunculus schmalhausenii (outlined) with the localities of field investigation and DNA sampling in Finland and North-West of European Russia (dots). Dash line shows preliminary range border due to insufficient data.

FIGURE 3 in Ranunculus schmalhausenii (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a neglected water crowfoot endemic to Fennoscandia-a case of rapid hybrid speciation in postglacial environment of North Europe

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic relations within Batrachium taxa based on the psbE-petL region. Unrooted tree was built in MEGA5 using Maximum Likelihood method (ML). Bootstrap support values from 1000 replicates are shown next to the branches.

FIGURE 2 in Ranunculus schmalhausenii (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a neglected water crowfoot endemic to Fennoscandia-a case of rapid hybrid speciation in postglacial environment of North Europe

FIGURE 2. NeighborNet analysis of interspecific ITS variability within the Batrachium section. The concentration of Ranunculus schmalhausenii samples are marked by small red rectangle; big red rectangle—close up view showing the genetic relations among the samples of R. schmalhausenii (samples marked red) and R. penicillatus (samples given in italic). Bootstrap support values from 1000 replicates are shown next to the branches. Each of the five R. trichophyllus ribotypes is marked by black rectangle. Genetic groups are marked A–F.

FIGURE 7 in Ranunculus schmalhausenii (section Batrachium, Ranunculaceae), a neglected water crowfoot endemic to Fennoscandia-a case of rapid hybrid speciation in postglacial environment of North Europe

FIGURE 7. Ranunculus peltatus: A—typical form (C Poland, Świętokrzyskie prov., village Aleksandrów, reservoir on river Korzeniówka, KRA 327607), B—characteristic stand (W Poland, Lubuskie prov., oxbow of river Odra near Łomy, photo J. Zalewska-Gałosz, 8 June 2012).

FIGURE 10 in Predatory midges of the genus Schizohelea Kieffer, 1917 in Europe and North Africa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

FIGURE 10. Male genitalia of Schizohelea described by Remm (modified drawings from Remm 1967, 1980, 1993): a—S. armata (Remm, 1993) from Kunashir Islands; b—S. lampropeza (Remm, 1967) from Georgia; c—S. pekae (Remm, 1980) from Kyrgyzstan; d—S. spathulata (Remm, 1993) from Armenia.

FIGURE 11 in Predatory midges of the genus Schizohelea Kieffer, 1917 in Europe and North Africa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

FIGURE 11. Schizohelea described by Remm (modified drawings from Remm 1967, 1980, 1993): S. lampropeza (Remm, 1967) (b, e, f, h), S. pekae (Remm, 1980) (a, c, g), S. armata (Remm, 1993) (d); a—male flagellum; b, c—female maxillary palp; d—legs of male; e—female hind claw; f—spermathecae; g—female genitalia; h—female sternite 9.

FIGURE 9 in Predatory midges of the genus Schizohelea Kieffer, 1917 in Europe and North Africa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

FIGURE 9. Schizohelea withersi Szadziewski, Dominiak, Rumišek et Rupp, sp. nov., male genitalia: a—ventral view; b, c—gonostylus; d—gonocoxal expansions; e—parameres; f—aedeagus.

FIGURE 5 in Predatory midges of the genus Schizohelea Kieffer, 1917 in Europe and North Africa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

FIGURE 5. Schizohelea incerta (Clastrier, 1963), male genitalia: a—ventral view; b—lateral view; c—gonocoxal expansions; d, e—parameres; f–h—aedeagus.

FIGURE 6 in Predatory midges of the genus Schizohelea Kieffer, 1917 in Europe and North Africa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

FIGURE 6. Schizohelea algeriana Szadziewski, Dominiak, Rumišek et Rupp, sp. nov., male genitalia: a—ventral view; b— gonostylus; c—gonocoxal expansions; d—parameres; e—aedeagus.