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opennotspecifiedNov 2018View details →

FIGURE 3. A in Episternus onthophagi: a new monotypic genus of epizoic fungus found on Onthophagus beetles (Scarabaeoidea)

FIGURE 3. A cross section of the fragment of Episternus onthophagi thallus collected from Onthophagus verticicornis—braces indicate layers of the thallus: A—the blastoconidia producing, outer-most layer, B—the inner-most, carapace-adhered layer. Scale bars = 500 μm.

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Evolution and plasticity of morph-specific integration in the bull-headed dung beetle Onthophagus taurus

Developmental and evolutionary processes underlying phenotypic variation frequently target several traits simultaneously, thereby causing covariation, or integration, among phenotypes. While phenotypic integration can be neutral, correlational selection can drive adaptive covariation. Especially the evolution and development of exaggerated secondary sexual traits may require the adjustment of other traits that support, compensate for, or otherwise function in a concerted manner. Although phenotypic integration is ubiquitous, the interplay between genetic, developmental, and ecological conditions in shaping integration and its evolution remains poorly understood. Here, we study the evolution and plasticity of trait integration in the bull-headed dung beetle Onthophagus taurus which is characterized by the polyphenic expression of horned ('major') and hornless ('minor') male morphs. By comparing populations subject to divergent intensities of mate competition we tested whether mating system shifts affect integration of traits predicted to function in a morph-specific manner. We focussed on fore and hind tibia morphology as these appendages are used to stabilize major males during fights, and on wings, as they are thought to contribute to morph-based differences in dispersal behaviour. We found phenotypic integration between fore and hind tibia length and horn length that was stronger in major males, suggesting phenotypic plasticity in integration and potentially secondary sexual trait compensation. Similarly, we observed that fore tibia shape was also integrated with relative horn length. However, although we found population differentiation in wing and tibia shape and allometry, populations did not differ in integration. Lastly, we detected little evidence for morph differences in integration in either tibia or wing shape, although wing allometries differed between morphs. This contrasts with previous studies documenting intraspecific differentiation in morphology, behaviour and allometry as a response to varying levels of mate competition across O. taurus populations. We discuss how sexual selection may shape morph-specific integration, compensation and allometry across populations.

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

opennotspecifiedSep 2018View details →

Fig. 7 in A New Species of American Onthophagus Latreille (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Associated with Rodent (Geomyidae) Burrows

Fig. 7. Onthophagus species, vagina, ventral view: a) O. skelleyi, b) O. coproides. Illustration of the female O. coproides genitalia was taken and modified from Zunino and Halffter (1988a).

opennotspecifiedSep 2018View details →

Fig. 6 in A New Species of American Onthophagus Latreille (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Associated with Rodent (Geomyidae) Burrows

Fig. 6. Onthophagus species, male genitalia. Aedeagus, lateral view: a) O. skelleyi, b) O. coproides. Parameres, apical view: c) O. skelleyi, d) O. coproides. Copulatory lamella: e) O. skelleyi, f) O. coproides. Accessory lamella: g) O. skelleyi, h) O. coproides. Illustrations of the male O. coproides genitalia were taken and modified from Zunino and Halffter (1988a).

opennotspecifiedSep 2018View details →

Figs. 2–5. Onthophagus skelleyi. 2 in A New Species of American Onthophagus Latreille (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Associated with Rodent (Geomyidae) Burrows

Figs. 2–5. Onthophagus skelleyi. 2) Major male habitus; 3) Medium male habitus; 4) Minor male habitus;

Fig. 5. Onthophagus howdeni. A in Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030 : stationäre Rehabilitation & stationäre Psychiatrie

Fig. 5. Onthophagus howdeni. A) Illustration of female, B) Illustration of male, C) Female, dorsal habitus, D) Male, dorsal habitus.

Fig. 4. Onthophagus howdenorum. A in Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030 : stationäre Rehabilitation & stationäre Psychiatrie

Fig. 4. Onthophagus howdenorum. A) Illustration of female, B) Illustration of male, C) Female, dorsal habitus, D) Male, dorsal habitus.

Fig. 1. Onthophagus aureofuscus. A in Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030 : stationäre Rehabilitation & stationäre Psychiatrie

Fig. 1. Onthophagus aureofuscus. A) Illustration of female, B) Illustration of male, C) Female, dorsal habitus, D) Male, dorsal habitus.

Fig. 7. Onthophagus zapotecus. A in Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030 : stationäre Rehabilitation & stationäre Psychiatrie

Fig. 7. Onthophagus zapotecus. A) Illustration of female, B) Illustration of male, C) Female, dorsal habitus, D) Male, dorsal habitus.

Fig. 3. Onthophagus retusus. A in Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030 : stationäre Rehabilitation & stationäre Psychiatrie

Fig. 3. Onthophagus retusus. A) Illustration of female, B) Illustration of male, C) Female, dorsal habitus, D) Male, dorsal habitus.

Fig. 6. Onthophagus oaxacanus. A in Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030 : stationäre Rehabilitation & stationäre Psychiatrie

Fig. 6. Onthophagus oaxacanus. A) Illustration of female, B) Illustration of male, C) Female, dorsal habitus, D) Male, dorsal habitus.

Fig. 2. Onthophagus chevrolati. A in Entwicklung Medizintechnik 2019 bis 2030 : stationäre Rehabilitation & stationäre Psychiatrie

Fig. 2. Onthophagus chevrolati. A) Illustration of female, B) Illustration of male, C) Female, dorsal habitus, D) Male, dorsal habitus.

opennotspecifiedDec 2018View details →

Fig. 2 in First Precise Locality Data for Onthophagus atriglabrus Howden and Gill and New State Record for Onthophagus anewtoni Howden and Génier (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) in Mexico

Fig. 2. Currently known distributions of Onthophagus atriglabrus and Onthophagus anewtoni. Previously known locality records for O. atriglabrus are from Howden and Gill (1987) and Kohlmann and Sol´ıs (2001); those for O. anewtoni are from Howden and Génier (2004).

Figure 6 in Size and shape interspecific divergence patterns partly reflect phylogeny in an Onthophagus species-complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Figure 6. Paramere, epipharynx, and head allometries. White triangles: Onthophagus similis; white circles: Onthophagus opacicollis; black circles: Onthophagus fracticornis. The centroid size of each landmark configuration (Fig. 1) is used as an estimate of the size of each structure. Interspecific comparisons of slope and intercept are given in Table 4.

Figure 5 in Size and shape interspecific divergence patterns partly reflect phylogeny in an Onthophagus species-complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Figure 5. Intraspecific and interspecific shape differences of the paramere, epipharynx, and head. Circles: Onthophagus fracticornis; triangles: Onthophagus similis; diamonds: Onthophagus opacicollis; black symbols: major morphs; white symbols: minor morphs. For each structure, the deformation grids showing shape modifications described by the first two canonical variates are reported.

Figure 4 in Size and shape interspecific divergence patterns partly reflect phylogeny in an Onthophagus species-complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Figure 4. Horn length-body size scaling relations. White triangles: Onthophagus similis; white circles: Onthophagus opacicollis; black circles: Onthophagus fracticornis. For each species, the horn static allometry was computed by fitting to the horn length-body size data a four-parameter sigmoidal regression in the form a⋅ xb

Figure 2 in Size and shape interspecific divergence patterns partly reflect phylogeny in an Onthophagus species-complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Figure 2. Neighbor-joining (left) and maximum parsimony (right) consensus trees of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) sequences. Bootstrap values higher than 70% are shown on internal nodes. OF, Onthophagus fracticornis; OO, Onthophagus opacicollis; OS, Onthophagus similis. Specimens belonging to Onthophagus vacca and Onthophagus nuchicornis European populations were used as an outgroup (indicated as Palaeonthophagus spp. in the trees, courtesy of Dirk Ahrens).

Figure 3. The 50 in Size and shape interspecific divergence patterns partly reflect phylogeny in an Onthophagus species-complex (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Figure 3. The 50% majority rule consensus phylogenetic tree from the Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MrBayes) analysis of mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). Sequences with posterior probabilities P> 70% for internal node are shown. OF, Onthophagus fracticornis; OO, Onthophagus opacicollis; OS, Onthophagus similis. Specimens belonging to Onthophagus vacca and Onthophagus nuchicornis European populations were used as an outgroup (indicated as Palaeonthophagus spp. in the trees, courtesy of Dirk Ahrens).

opennotspecifiedSep 2021View details →

FIGURE 3 in Additional mislabeling in African Onthophagus Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae): the case of Onthophagus viviensis and Onthophagus laevatus

FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of O. viviensis (black dotted line) and O. curvicornis (red dotted line).