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Fig. 7 in Palaeobiology of orthothecide hyoliths from the Cambrian Manto Formation of Hebei Province, North China
Fig. 7. Statistical distribution of different skeletal parts, junctions of the outermost ring represent the number of data, and concentric circles represent length (in mm).
Fig. 6 in Palaeobiology of orthothecide hyoliths from the Cambrian Manto Formation of Hebei Province, North China
Fig. 6. Opercula of cupithecid hyolith Cupitheca convexa sp. nov. preserved as internal or external moulds, which are prepared from natural casts, collected from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A, B. Internal moulds of opercula, NIGPAS 166337 A) and NIGPAS 166342 (B); showing exteriors covered with concentric ribs, protoopercula (indicated by white arrows) and imprints of bilobate cardinal →
Fig. 5 in Palaeobiology of orthothecide hyoliths from the Cambrian Manto Formation of Hebei Province, North China
Fig. 5. Internal moulds of decollated segments of cupithecid hyolith Cupitheca convexa sp. nov. from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166334, discarded apical segments with smooth surface (A1–A3, A6); bottom of the apex (A4); apical bottom covered with radial sculptures (A5); discarded segment preserves faint transverse lines on the surface of conch (A7). B. NIGPAS 166343, decollated segment displaying apical bottom, probable diagenetic artefacts on the bottom of apex (B1); branching ornamentation on the bottom of apex (B2). C. NIGPAS 166339a, decollated segments two segments preserved together the left one exhibits pits and longitudinal groove structures on the surface of terminal part (C1); detail C2); discarded apical segments with smooth surface (C3). Scale bars: A1, A3, A6, A7, B1, C3, 100 μm; A2, A4, 50 μm; C1, 200 μm; A5, B2, C2, 20 μm.
Fig. 2 in Palaeobiology of orthothecide hyoliths from the Cambrian Manto Formation of Hebei Province, North China
Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of shell and shale fabrics as well as mineral elemental analyses of matrix from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166334, fine grained clay minerals and hematite crystals in the matrix (A1). Tabular crystals of hematite forming rosette-shaped aggregations in the matrix (A2, A3); the cross in A2 shows the location of elemental analysis (A4). B. NIGPAS 166339a, skeleton coated with hematite. C. NIGPAS 166337, halite pseudomorphs distributed on the surface of undetermined fossil (C1), calcite imprints in the matrix (C2). Scale bars: A1, A2, C2, 2 μm; A3, 1 μm; B, 10 μm; C1, 50 μm.
Fig. 3 in Palaeobiology of orthothecide hyoliths from the Cambrian Manto Formation of Hebei Province, North China
Fig. 3. Novitatid hyolith Decoritheca cyrene (Walcott, 1905) from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166338 in dorsal view. B. NIGPAS 166335 in ventral (B1) and ventro-lateral (B3) views; detail showing transverse lines on the external surface of venter (B2). C. NIGPAS 166337 in dorsal view, conch of Decoritheca cyrene with operculum of Cupitheca convexa sp. nov. in apertural region (C1); rows of tubercles (C2), inset shows enlarged individual tubercle with nearly flat top. D. NIGPAS 166329 in ventral view. E. NIGPAS 166341b, aperture with reniform cross section. F. NIGPAS 166331 in ventral view; F1, incomplete shell showing well developed median concavity and adjacent ridges; F2, nearly complete shell with broken aperture and adapically shallowing median concavity. G. NIGPAS 166330, both shells display partial venter and partial dorsum from dorsal view. H. NIGPAS 166333 in ventral view. I. NIGPAS 166332 in dorsal view, white arrows indicate algae. Scale bars: A, D, B3, F–I, 2 mm; B1, C1, 1 mm; B2, 100 μm; C2, 20 μm; E, 200 μm.
Fig. 11 in Late Miocene bovids from Şerefköy-2 (SW Turkey) and their position within the sub-Paratethyan biogeographic province
Fig. 11. Scatter plot comparing the basal horn core proportions of Skoufotragus from several sites and Protoryx from Pikermi (Late Miocene, Greece). APDbase, anteroposterior diameter at the base; TDbase, transverse diameter at the base.
Fig. 3 in Late Miocene bovids from Şerefköy-2 (SW Turkey) and their position within the sub-Paratethyan biogeographic province
Fig. 3. Discriminant analysis of the horn core proportions of Gazella deperdita from Luberon (= Cucuron), Late Miocene, SW Europe and Gazella capricornis from Pikermi, Late Miocene, Greece, based on four variables: TD at the base (TDbase), APD at the base (APDbase), TD at 7 cm above the base (TD7) and APD at 7 cm above the base (APD7). Arrows indicate values for the Şerefköy-2 gazelle according to the discriminant function. Abbreviations: APD, anteroposterior diameter; TD, transverse diameter.
Figure 12 in Colotis lais (Butler, 1876) and Colotis euippe omphale (Godart, [1819]) use Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LC as a host-plant at Tswalu Kalahari, Northern Cape Province, South Africa)
Figure 12 – Pupa of Colotis euippe omphale. This pupa was reared from a larva collected on 19 December 2021 on Cadaba aphylla shrub C aphy 14, north of the Dedeben Research Centre, Tswalu Kalahari, South Africa. The CRG reference number for this pupa is RFT21H79. Photo: R.F. Terblanche.
Figure 14 in Colotis lais (Butler, 1876) and Colotis euippe omphale (Godart, [1819]) use Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LC as a host-plant at Tswalu Kalahari, Northern Cape Province, South Africa)
Figure 14 – Cadaba aphylla (CAPPARACEAE), C aphy 14, photographed on 26 September 2022, north of the Dedeben Research Centre, Tswalu Kalahari, South Africa. When conditions are favourable, many shoots with small leaves can be produced by some individuals of the species, as depicted here. No flowers were present on this plant when the photograph was taken. Photo: R.F. Terblanche.
Figure 11 in Colotis lais (Butler, 1876) and Colotis euippe omphale (Godart, [1819]) use Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LC as a host-plant at Tswalu Kalahari, Northern Cape Province, South Africa)
Figure 11 – Pupa of Colotis lais. This pupa was reared from a larva collected on 19 September 2022 on a Cadaba aphylla shrub C aphy 13, north of the Dedeben Research Centre, Tswalu Kalahari, South Africa. The CRG reference number for this pupa is RFT22H43. Photo: R.F. Terblanche.
Figure 10 in Colotis lais (Butler, 1876) and Colotis euippe omphale (Godart, [1819]) use Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LC as a host-plant at Tswalu Kalahari, Northern Cape Province, South Africa)
Figure 10 – Final instar larva of Colotis euippe omphale collected on 3 January 2022 on Cadaba aphylla shrub C aphy 11, near the Dedeben Research Centre in Tswalu Kalahari, South Africa. The CRG reference number for this larva is RFT22H2. Photo: R.F. Terblanche.
Figure 9 in Colotis lais (Butler, 1876) and Colotis euippe omphale (Godart, [1819]) use Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LC as a host-plant at Tswalu Kalahari, Northern Cape Province, South Africa)
Figure 9 – Final instar larva of Colotis lais. The larva was collected on 19 December 2021 on Cadaba aphylla shrub C aphy 13, north of the Dedeben Research Centre, Tswalu Kalahari, South Africa. The larva had been successfully reared on new shoots (young stems with small leaves) of Cadaba aphylla. The CRG reference number for this larva is RFT21H78. Photo: R.F. Terblanche.
Figure 15 in Colotis lais (Butler, 1876) and Colotis euippe omphale (Godart, [1819]) use Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LC as a host-plant at Tswalu Kalahari, Northern Cape Province, South Africa)
Figure 15 – Cadaba aphylla (CAPPARACEAE) photographed on 21 January 2019 at Tswalu Kalahari, South Africa. A commonly used English name for Cadaba aphylla is "leafless wormbush," because leaves are often not present or obscured by many leafless stems. Photo: R.F. Terblanche.
Figure 7 in Colotis lais (Butler, 1876) and Colotis euippe omphale (Godart, [1819]) use Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LC as a host-plant at Tswalu Kalahari, Northern Cape Province, South Africa)
Figure 7 – Depiction of GPS-marked Cadaba aphylla host plants (white markers) selected for ecological monitoring, north and north-west of the Dedeben Research Centre at Tswalu Kalahari.
Figure 5 in Colotis lais (Butler, 1876) and Colotis euippe omphale (Godart, [1819]) use Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LC as a host-plant at Tswalu Kalahari, Northern Cape Province, South Africa)
Figure 5 – Colotis euippe omphale male puddling (imbibing water and nutrients from wet soil) at a damp area near the Dedeben Research Centre, Tswalu Kalahari, South Africa, 22 December 2021. Photo: R.F. Terblanche.
Figure 3 in Colotis lais (Butler, 1876) and Colotis euippe omphale (Godart, [1819]) use Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LC as a host-plant at Tswalu Kalahari, Northern Cape Province, South Africa)
Figure 3 – Colotis lais female resting on bare ground with open wings in typical fashion, north-west of the Dedeben Research Centre, Tswalu Kalahari, South Africa, 22 December 2021. Photo: R.F. Terblanche.
Figure 4 – Freshly emerged Colotis euippe omphale reared from a in Colotis lais (Butler, 1876) and Colotis euippe omphale (Godart, [1819]) use Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LC as a host-plant at Tswalu Kalahari, Northern Cape Province, South Africa)
Figure 4 – Freshly emerged Colotis euippe omphale reared from a larva collected on 19 December 2021 on a Cadaba aphylla shrub, north of the Dedeben Research Centre, Tswalu Kalahari, South Africa. The CRG reference number for this rearing is RFT21H79. Photo: R.F. Terblanche.
Figure 2 in Colotis lais (Butler, 1876) and Colotis euippe omphale (Godart, [1819]) use Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LC as a host-plant at Tswalu Kalahari, Northern Cape Province, South Africa)
Figure 2 – Colotis lais male, puddling (imbibing water and nutrients from wet soil) at a damp area near the Dedeben Research Centre, Tswalu Kalahari, South Africa, 24 December 2021. Photo: R.F. Terblanche.
Figure 1 in Colotis lais (Butler, 1876) and Colotis euippe omphale (Godart, [1819]) use Cadaba aphylla (Thunb.) Wild LC as a host-plant at Tswalu Kalahari, Northern Cape Province, South Africa)
Figure 1 – Freshly emerged adult male of Colotis lais reared from a larva collected on 19 December 2021 on a Cadaba aphylla shrub, north of the Dedeben Research Centre, Tswalu Kalahari, South Africa. The CRG reference number for this rearing is RFT21H78. Photo: R.F. Terblanche.
Verified Burial Mounds in Yambol Province, SE Bulgaria
<p>This release contains field observations collected at mound locations shown in 1:50,000-scale Soviet military topographic maps from 1980s, visited in years 2009-2022 by the Tundzha Regional Archaeologial Project within the Province of Yambol in SE Bulgaria. The observations are divided into datasets "YambolMounds.7zip" and photos associated with the records "YambolMounds images 2009-2022". They are provided separately as the photos are heavy (8Gb) and users can select or deselect them. </p> <p>Inside the YambolMounds.zip, there are two main datasets:</p> <ul> <li>features ( ~1260) which include all kinds of surface phenomena teams encountered when visiting mound locations, such as settlement mounds, surface scatters, etc. Observations at 18 locations have been repeated, producing spatial duplicates with different attributes. A unique version can be generated by filter on one of the two columns Upto2010 and Post2010. </li> <li>mounds (~ 1095) which include only those rows in features dataset classified as extant or extinct burial mounds. Observations at 18 locations have been repeated, producing spatial duplicates with different attributes. A unique version can be generated by filter on one of the two columns Upto2010 and Post2010. </li> </ul> <p>These two datasets have been streamlined and clipped to the borders of the Yambol region. While spatial duplicates are identified in each dataset, for purpose of analysis the user can choose among the duplicates by selecting either 2010 or post-2010 version, by filtering on one or another column. Datasets are provided in output_data/ folder in .CSV, .RDS (native R format) and .GeoJSON (spatial format for Python).</p> <p>A number of accompanying datasets were generated for this release and placed in the interim/ folder, including a paired list of all spatial duplicates, an .rds/.geojson file with all verified map features from within and without Yambol Province (the largest dataset of ~ 1466 features) , as well as faims4326.rds fully digitally collected dataset between 2017-2022, containing over 40 attributes as opposed to the shared~27 from the whole span of work 2009-2022.</p> <p>Both the interim and the final datasets can be found in the output_data/ . Attributes in the final datasets are described in the Metadata.csv in the root folder. Broader description of the cleaning process and remaining uncertainties in the datasets can be found in the Readme.md file in the root folder. The scripts used for the processing and streamlining of the data sit in the scripts/ folder.</p> <h2>Acknowledgements</h2> <p>Collecting a large-scale landscape dataset would not be possible without the dedicated help of local and international colleagues. We owe massive thanks to Barbora Weissova for long-term collaboration on mound monitoring and subsequent assistance with data streamlining. We also thank Petra Heřmánková and Věra Doležálková for leading field teams and managing data collection. Last but not least, the data would not exist were it not for the students, colleagues, and volunteers from the Yambol History Museum, UNSW Australia, Macquarie University, New Bulgarian University, Charles University, Aarhus University and many other institutions. In rough chronological order of appearance these include Iliya Iliev, Georgi Iliev, Yavor Rusev, Stefan Bakardzhiev, Simon Connor, Shawn Ross, Petra Tušlová, Tereza Dobrovodská, Sona Holičková, Scott Jackson, Stanislav Marchovski, Jana Ryšavková, Radko Sedláček, Jarmila Švédová, Dragomir Garbov, Emma Jacobson, Royce Lawrence, Briana Barton, Stephanie Black, Lachlan Hanley, Samuel Riley, Isaac Roberts, Tiana Anderson, Amy Tanswell, Mikaila Walker, Bronwyn Schlamowitz, Elissa Sinclair, Angel Bogdanov Grigorov, Matilde Jensen, Sara Vejrup, Dorthe Pedersen, Julie Lund, Joel Sercombe, Mathias Kaas, and Mathias Johansen.</p> <h2>Funding Information</h2> <p>This work was supported by the Australian Research Council Linkage Projects Funding scheme LP0989901, University of Michigan International Grant, America for Bulgaria Foundation, Endeavour Short-Term Mobility Programme from the Australian Department of Education, grant 19686; National eResearch Collaboration Tools and Resources (NeCTAR) under eResearch Tools grant RT043; the Australian Research Council under Linkage, Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities (LIEF) grant LE140100151; Macquarie University and UNSW Australia under internal infrastructure grant schemes; and Aarhus University Forskningsfond Starting grant no. AUFF-2018-7-22 awarded to the ‘Social Complexity in the Ancient Mediterranean’ (SDAM) project.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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