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FIGURE 2. Pterois volitans larvae. A. 2.5 in The lionfishes: Comparative development of Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) and discrimination of their early life stages from non-pteroine scorpaenid genera in the Western North Atlantic

FIGURE 2. Pterois volitans larvae. A. 2.5 mm; B. 4.6 mm (pectoral-fin pigment omitted due to broken rays in larva illustrated); C. 6.0 mm; D. 8.5 mm; E. 9.3 mm; F. 9.8 mm; G. radiograph of aberrant 12.9 mm larva lacking first three dorsal spines and associated structures; arrow indicates position of anteriormost pterygiophore and underdeveloped fourth dorsal spine. All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation. Pigmentation enhanced in some images for illustration and detail purposes.

FIGURE 6. A. transforming 9.5 in The lionfishes: Comparative development of Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) and discrimination of their early life stages from non-pteroine scorpaenid genera in the Western North Atlantic

FIGURE 6. A. transforming 9.5 mm standard length (SL) Dendrochirus "bellus"; B. 11.5 mm SL D. zebra from Kojima (2014) used by permission of author and publisher.

FIGURE 1 in The lionfishes: Comparative development of Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) and discrimination of their early life stages from non-pteroine scorpaenid genera in the Western North Atlantic

FIGURE 1. Typical scorpaenid cranial and opercular spination modified from Moser (1996). Abbreviations: spines 1–4 along anterior shelf of preopercle (APO); spines 1–5 along posterior shelf of preopercle (PPO); APO and PPO spines numbered from uppermost to lowermost; nuchal (N); parietal (P); coronal (CR); tympanic (TM); postocular (PSO); supraocular (SPO); nasal (NA); lower spine on opercle (LOP); upper spine on opercle (UOP); sphenotic ridges (SPH); pterotic ridge/spine (PTR); supracleithral ridge/spine (SC); posttemporal ridges and spines on upper (UPT) and lower (LPT) margins; infraorbital ridge (IO) comprised of bones 1 through 4, and associated spine on lower (L) or upper (U) margin.

FIGURE 5. Dendrochirus hemprichi. A in The lionfishes: Comparative development of Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) and discrimination of their early life stages from non-pteroine scorpaenid genera in the Western North Atlantic

FIGURE 5. Dendrochirus hemprichi. A. transforming larva captured in the Red Sea estimated to be about 11.0 mm standard length (SL); B. dorsal view, same larva. C. juvenile D. hemprichi (21.0 mm SL) captured off South Sail Rock Channel, Kenya (LACM 31619.017).

FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae. A in The lionfishes: Comparative development of Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) and discrimination of their early life stages from non-pteroine scorpaenid genera in the Western North Atlantic

FIGURE 4. Dendrochirus barberi larvae. A. cranial & opercular spination at 8.6 mm; B. 9.1 mm; C. 11.0 mm; D. 12.2 mm; E. 14.0 mm. Pigment enhanced in some images for detail purposes. All lengths in mm standard length (SL). Scale bar = 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 3 in The lionfishes: Comparative development of Pterois volitans, Dendrochirus barberi, and D. hemprichi (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae: Pteroinae) and discrimination of their early life stages from non-pteroine scorpaenid genera in the Western North Atlantic

FIGURE 3. Cranial and opercular spination in Pterois volitans larvae. A. 3.6 mm; B. 8.0 mm; C. 9.3 mm (pelvic fins not to scale). All lengths in mm standard length (SL) post-preservation.

FIGURE 5 in Redescription of the Indo-West Pacific scorpionfish Scorpaena neglecta Temminck & Schlegel, 1843, a senior synonym of four nominal species (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae)

FIGURE 5. Lateral view of head (A) and ontogenetic changes in lacrimal spines (B–D) of Scorpaena neglecta. A, KAUM–I. 20851, 296.4 mm SL; B, KAUM–I. 70019, 80.9 mm SL; C, KAUM–I. 64638, 130.4 mm SL; D, KAUM–I. 1321, male, 185.2 mm SL. ALS, anterior lacrimal spine; PLS, posterior lacrimal spine. Numerous small papillae and sensory pores on head not illustrated. Scale bars indicate 5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Redescription of the Indo-West Pacific scorpionfish Scorpaena neglecta Temminck & Schlegel, 1843, a senior synonym of four nominal species (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae)

FIGURE 6. Relationships of A, head width; B, orbit diameter; C, maxilla depth; D, between ventral margin of orbit and suborbital ridge; E, occipital pit width; F, pelvic-fin spine length (all as % of standard length) to standard length in Scorpaena neglecta. Closed red, yellow, green, blue, and orange stars indicate type specimens of S. neglecta, S. fimbriata, S. izensis, S. hemilepidota, and S. armata, respectively.

FIGURE 3 in Redescription of the Indo-West Pacific scorpionfish Scorpaena neglecta Temminck & Schlegel, 1843, a senior synonym of four nominal species (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae)

FIGURE 3. Distributional records of Scorpaena neglecta based on a previous report from New Guinea (Fricke et al., 2014) and collected specimens examined in this study. Closed red, yellow, green, blue, and orange circles indicate type localities of S. neglecta, S. fimbriata, S. izensis, S. hemilepidota, and S. armata, respectively.

FIGURE 2 in Redescription of the Indo-West Pacific scorpionfish Scorpaena neglecta Temminck & Schlegel, 1843, a senior synonym of four nominal species (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae)

FIGURE 2. Primary type specimens of four nominal species identified herein as Scorpaena neglecta. A, MZS 1145, syntype of Scorpaena fimbriata, 115.8 mm SL; B, USNM 50909, holotype of Scorpaena izensis, 191.6 mm SL; C, USNM 98884, holotype of Scorpaena hemilepidota, 150.6 mm SL; D, USNM 98893, holotype of Scorpaenopsella armata, 65.7 mm SL.

FIGURE 1 in Redescription of the Indo-West Pacific scorpionfish Scorpaena neglecta Temminck & Schlegel, 1843, a senior synonym of four nominal species (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae)

FIGURE 1. Lectotype (A) and paralectotypes (B–F) of Scorpaena neglecta. A, S. neglecta, RMNH.PISC. 619, 187.4 mm SL; B, S. neglecta, RMNH.PISC. 618, 139.8 mm SL; C, S. miostoma, RMNH.PISC. 620; D, S. miostoma, RMNH.PISC. 621; E, S. miostoma, RMNH.PISC. 622; F, S. miostoma, RMNH.PISC. 623. All stuffed specimens.

FIGURE 4 in Redescription of the Indo-West Pacific scorpionfish Scorpaena neglecta Temminck & Schlegel, 1843, a senior synonym of four nominal species (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae)

FIGURE 4. Life stages of Scorpaena neglecta. A, KAUM–I. 57776, 64.0 mm SL; B, KAUM–I. 19113, male, 96.0 mm SL; C, KAUM–I. 9648, male, 149.1 mm SL; D, KAUM–I. 9227, male, 171.6 mm SL; E, KAUM–I. 54075, male, 198.2 mm SL; F, KAUM–I. 97664, 226.9 mm SL; G, KAUM–I. 20851, 296.4 mm SL.

Fig. 8 in A New Species of Bleeker, 1876 (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) from Taiwan.

Fig. 8. Photograph of (A) the holotype of Scorpaena grandisquamis Ogilby, 1910, E.1418, 96.0 mm SL (photographed by Dr. M. Allen, supplied by Dr. A. Hay), and lateral view of (B) Parascorpaena poseidon sp. nov. (DOS00182, 108.3 mm SL) and (C) P. grandisquamis (E.1418, 96.0 mm). White arrowhead represents the supraocular tentacle.

Fig. 7 in A New Species of Bleeker, 1876 (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) from Taiwan.

Fig. 7. Maximum likelihood tree based on 655 bps of the COI sequences. Numbers shown on nodes denote the bootstrap values and numbers lower than 60 are not shown. Scientific names followed by catalog numbers of voucher specimens/accession numbers. Dashes for downloaded sequences without a catalog number; H for holotype of Parascorpaena poseidon sp. nov.

Fig. 6. A in A New Species of Bleeker, 1876 (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) from Taiwan.

Fig. 6. A principal components analysis (PCA) graph plotting the first two components for three species of Parascorpaena based on 51 morphometric traits. Arrowhead denotes the holotype of Parascorpaena poseidon sp. nov.

Fig. 5 in A New Species of Bleeker, 1876 (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) from Taiwan.

Fig. 5. Relationships of the ratio of 11th and 12th dorsal-fin spine to standard length in Parascorpaena poseidon sp. nov. (open square), P. aurita (plus), and P. mossambica (closed circle). Arrowhead indicates the holotype.

Fig. 4 in A New Species of Bleeker, 1876 (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) from Taiwan.

Fig. 4. Drawing of suborbital spines in lateral view of (A) Parascorpaena poseidon sp. nov. (DOS00182, 108.3 mm SL) and (B) P. mossambica (DOS08024, 83.8 mm).

Fig. 1 in A New Species of Bleeker, 1876 (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) from Taiwan.

Fig. 1. Fresh specimens of Parascorpaena poseidon sp. nov. (A) NMMB-P035691, holotype, 116.8 mm SL, female, (B) ASIZP0080980-1, paratype, 127.0 mm, male, (C) NMMB-P035692, paratype, 113.7 mm, female.

Fig. 3 in A New Species of Bleeker, 1876 (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) from Taiwan.

Fig. 3. Underwater photography of Parascorpaena poseidon sp. nov. (ASIZP0080981, 103.0 mm SL). Taken in a tide pool of Longmen, Penghu at 1 m depth. Photographed by Yuan-Huan Yu.