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255 results for “Sea stars”
Data from: Return of the ghosts of dispersal past: historical spread and contemporary gene flow in the blue sea star Linckia laevigata
Marine animals inhabiting the Indian and Pacific oceans have some of the most extensive species ranges in the world, sometimes spanning over half the globe. These Indo-Pacific species present a challenge for study with both geographic scope and sampling density as limiting factors. Here, we augment and aggregate phylogeographic sampling of the iconic blue sea star, Linckia laevigata Linnaeus, 1758, and present one of the most geographically comprehensive genetic studies of any Indo-Pacific species to date, sequencing 392 base pairs of mitochondrial COI from 791 individuals from 38 locations spanning over 14,000 km. We first use a permutation based multiple-regression approach to simultaneously evaluate the relative influence of historical and contemporary gene flow together with putative barriers to dispersal. We then use a discrete diffusion model of phylogeography to infer the historical migration and colonization routes most likely used by L. laevigata across the Indo-Pacific. We show that estimates of genetic structure have a stronger correlation to geographic distances than to "oceanographic" distances from a biophysical model of larval dispersal, reminding us that population genetic estimates of gene flow and genetic structure are often shaped by historical processes. While the diffusion model was equivocal about the location of the mitochondrial most recent common ancestor (MRCA), we show that gene flow has generally proceeded in a step-wise manner across the Indian and Pacific oceans. We do not find support for previously described barriers at the Sunda Shelf and within Cenderwasih Bay. Rather, the strongest genetic disjunction is found to the east of Cenderwasih Bay along northern New Guinea. These results underscore the importance of comprehensive range-wide sampling in marine phylogeography.
Data from: Ocean acidification alters the response of intertidal snails to a key sea star predator
Organism-level effects of ocean acidification (OA) are well recognized. Less understood are OA's consequences for ecological species interactions. Here, we examine a behaviourally mediated predator–prey interaction within the rocky intertidal zone of the temperate eastern Pacific Ocean, using it as a model system to explore OA's capacity to impair invertebrate anti-predator behaviours more broadly. Our system involves the iconic sea star predator, Pisaster ochraceus, that elicits flee responses in numerous gastropod prey. We examine, in particular, the capacity for OA-associated reductions in pH to alter flight behaviours of the black turban snail, Tegula funebralis, an often-abundant and well-studied grazer in the system. We assess interactions between these species at 16 discrete levels of pH, quantifying the full functional response of Tegula under present and near-future OA conditions. Results demonstrate the disruption of snail anti-predator behaviours at low pH, with decreases in the time individuals spend in refuge locations. We also show that fluctuations in pH, including those typical of rock pools inhabited by snails, do not materially change outcomes, implying little capacity for episodically benign pH conditions to aid behavioural recovery. Together, these findings suggest a strong potential for OA to induce cascading community-level shifts within this long-studied ecosystem.
Data from: Beyond the Coral Triangle: high genetic diversity and near panmixia in Singapore's populations of the broadcast spawning sea star Protoreaster nodosus
The Coral Triangle is widely considered the most important centre of marine biodiversity in Asia while areas on its periphery such as the South China Sea, have received much less interest. Here, we demonstrate that a small population of the knobbly sea star Protoreaster nodosus in Singapore has similarly high levels of genetic diversity as comparable Indonesian populations from the Coral Triangle. The high genetic diversity of this population is remarkable because it is maintained despite decades of continued anthropogenic disturbance. We postulate that it is probably due to broadcast spawning which is likely to maintain high levels of population connectivity. To test this, we analysed 6140 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci for Singapore's populations and demonstrate a pattern of near panmixia. We here document a second case of high genetic diversity and low genetic structure for a broadcast spawner in Singapore, which suggests that such species have high resilience against anthropogenic disturbances. The study demonstrates the feasibility and power of using genome-wide SNPs for connectivity studies of marine invertebrates without a sequenced genome.
FIGURE 4 in A new viviparous species of asterinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Asterinidae) and a new genus to accommodate the species of pantropical exiguoid sea stars
FIGURE 4. Aboral view of the gonads of C. hystera n. sp. filled with late stage juveniles just prior to leaving the parent, Juveniles about 500 µ m.
FIGURE 3. a in A new viviparous species of asterinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Asterinidae) and a new genus to accommodate the species of pantropical exiguoid sea stars
FIGURE 3. a) Colour in life Cryptasterina hystera n.sp. (at left) and Cryptasterina pentagona (at right) Photograph. M Byrne. b) Statue Bay, central Queensland. Boulder and cobble beach. Type locality for C. hystera n. sp. Photograph. S McKillup.
FIGURE 2 in A new viviparous species of asterinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Asterinidae) and a new genus to accommodate the species of pantropical exiguoid sea stars
FIGURE 2. Abactinal surface of holotype of Cryptasterina hystera sp.nov. (R= 10.2 mm) Emergent young visible in the interradius to left of image.
FIGURE 4 in Narcissia ahearnae, a new species of sea star from the Western Atlantic (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Valvatida)
FIGURE 4. Narcissia ahearnae new species. Upper, two groups of four adambulacral spines on adjoining adambulacral plates. The mouth lies to the right of the figure. Scale line, 400 μm. Lower, groups of adambulacral spines near mouth. Mouth is on left side of the figure. Scale line, 2 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Narcissia ahearnae, a new species of sea star from the Western Atlantic (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Valvatida)
FIGURE 3. Upper, base of an arm of Holotype of Narcissia ahearnae new species, showing marginal plates, abactinal plates, and papular pores. Lower, base of arm of N. trigonaria Sladen, showing marginal plates, abactinal plates, and papular pores. Scale line in both figures, 5 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Narcissia ahearnae, a new species of sea star from the Western Atlantic (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Valvatida)
FIGURE 2. Narcissia ahearnae, new species, Paratype (1) HBOM 073:00532, photographed in situ from the Johnson SeaLink submersible, Grand Bahama Island, 87 meters. Longest arm 153 mm.
FIGURE 6. Abactinal spinelets. A, D in Luidia changi, a new sea star species (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Luidiidae) from the Yellow Sea, with a review of two related species
FIGURE 6. Abactinal spinelets. A, D, Luidia quinaria von Martens, 1865; B, E, Luidia yesoensis Goto, 1914; C, F, Luidia changi sp. nov. A–C, central granules (arrow); D–F, peripheral spinelets (arrow). Scale = 100 m.
FIGURE 3. Luidia yesoensis Goto, 1914 in Luidia changi, a new sea star species (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Luidiidae) from the Yellow Sea, with a review of two related species
FIGURE 3. Luidia yesoensis Goto, 1914 (H 209B15, R=59.6 mm). A, abactinal view; B, actinal view; C, arm, dorsal view; D, arm, ventral view. Scale = 5 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Luidia changi, a new sea star species (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Luidiidae) from the Yellow Sea, with a review of two related species
FIGURE 5. Denuded abactinal plates, proximal base of ray. A–B, Luidia quinaria von Martens, 1865; C–D, Luidia yesoensis Goto, 1914; E–F, Luidia changi sp. nov. A, C, aboral view, paxillae with raised top (arrow); B, oral view, thick, with very small plates (arrow); D, oral view, thick, paxillae along the median radial line distinctly smaller (arrow); E, aboral view, paxillae with flat top, with very small lateral paxillae (arrow); F, oral view, thin, with very small plates (arrow). Scale = 2 mm.
FIGURE 2. Luidia quinaria von Martens, 1865 in Luidia changi, a new sea star species (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Luidiidae) from the Yellow Sea, with a review of two related species
FIGURE 2. Luidia quinaria von Martens, 1865 (CN 21–18, R=72 mm). A, abactinal view; B, actinal view; C, arm, dorsal view; D, arm, ventral view. Scale = 5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Luidia changi, a new sea star species (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Luidiidae) from the Yellow Sea, with a review of two related species
FIGURE 1. Collection localities of the three species, Luidia changi sp. nov., L. quinaria von Martens, 1865 and L. yesoensis Goto, 1914.
FIGURE 4 in Luidia changi, a new sea star species (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Luidiidae) from the Yellow Sea, with a review of two related species
FIGURE 4. Luidia changi sp. nov. A, B, holotype, alcoholpreserved specimen IOCAS E1100, R=83.8 mm; C–F, paratype, dry specimen, BDI 7B21, R=76.7 mm. A,abactinal view; B, actinal view; C, abactinal paxillae; D, lateral paxillae, showing transparent spinules on the top (arrow); E, mouth pedicellariae (arrow); F, adambulacral and inferomarginal plates. Scale = 2 mm.
FIGURE 14 in Three new sea stars (Asteroidea: Solasteridae & Pterasteridae) from the Aleutian Islands
FIGURE 14. Pteraster willsi sp. nov. Holotype (LACM 2002-101.001). Whole animal, aboral view; bar = 1.0 cm. FIGURES 15–18. Pteraster willsi sp. nov. Paratypes (LACM 1997-222.001). Figure 15, Close-up, aboral surface; bar = 2.0 mm. Figure 16, Close-up, nidamental chamber, pseudopaxillae/spines and supradorsal membrane; Bar = 1.5 mm. Figure 17, Close-up, adambulacral area (ad = adambulacral spines; al = actinolateral spine); Bar = 1.0 mm. Figure 18, Close-up, oral region; bar = 3.0 mm.
FIGURE 12 in Three new sea stars (Asteroidea: Solasteridae & Pterasteridae) from the Aleutian Islands
FIGURE 12. Solaster spectabilis sp. nov. live, in. situ. Kuluk Bay, Adak Island, 12 m. image: R. N. Clark, 22 June, 2007; R = approximately 15.0 cm.
FIGURES 1–4 in Three new sea stars (Asteroidea: Solasteridae & Pterasteridae) from the Aleutian Islands
FIGURES 1–4. Solaster hexactis sp. nov. Holotype (LACM 1997-168.008). Fig. 1, Whole animal, aboral view; bar = 2.0 cm. Fig. 2, Close-up, aboral surface (M = Madreporite); bar = 5.0 mm. Fig. 3, Adambulacral area; bar = 1.0 mm. Fig. 4, Close-up, oral region; 2.0 mm.
FIGURE 13 in A new sea star of the genus Leptasterias (Asteroidea: Asteriidae) from the Aleutian Islands
FIGURE 13. Map of Aleutian Islands, showing known geographic distributions of Leptasterias tatei sp. nov. (●) and Leptasterias stolacantha Fisher, 1930 (▲).
FIGURES 7–10 in A new sea star of the genus Leptasterias (Asteroidea: Asteriidae) from the Aleutian Islands
FIGURES 7–10. Leptasterias tatei sp. nov., Holotype, 2011-158.001.Fig. 7, cleaned adambulacral region (actinal [AC] & adambulacral [AD] spines), Bar = 3.0 mm. Fig. 8, uncleaned adambulacral region, showing wreaths of straight & crossed pedicellariae. Fig. 9, Live, in situ Adak Island, Thumb Bay, 13 m (leg. R.N. Clark, 20 July, 2011), Bar = 8.0 cm. Fig. 10, Paratype, 2011-159.001. Oral side, Bar = 4 cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.