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179 results for “Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge”
Ecosystem-Scale Rainfall Manipulation in a Piñon-Juniper Forest at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico: Sap Flow Data (2006-2013)
Climate models predict that water limited regions around the world will become drier and warmer in the near future, including southwestern North America. We developed a large-scale experimental system that allows testing of the ecosystem impacts of precipitation changes. Four treatments were applied to 1600 m2 plots (40 m × 40 m), each with three replicates in a piñon pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniper monosperma) ecosystem. These species have extensive root systems, requiring large-scale manipulation to effectively alter soil water availability.  Treatments consisted of: 1) irrigation plots that receive supplemental water additions, 2) drought plots that receive 55% of ambient rainfall, 3) cover-control plots that receive ambient precipitation, but allow determination of treatment infrastructure artifacts, and 4) ambient control plots. Our drought structures effectively reduced soil water potential and volumetric water content compared to the ambient, cover-control, and water addition plots. Drought and cover control plots experienced an average increase in maximum soil and air temperature at ground level of 1-4° C during the growing season compared to ambient plots, and concurrent short-term diurnal increases in maximum air temperature were also observed directly above and below plastic structures. Our drought and irrigation treatments significantly influenced tree predawn water potential, sap-flow, and net photosynthesis, with drought treatment trees exhibiting significant decreases in physiological function compared to ambient and irrigated trees.  Supplemental irrigation resulted in a significant increase in both plant water potential and xylem sap-flow compared to trees in the other treatments. This experimental design effectively allows manipulation of plant water stress at the ecosystem scale, permits a wide range of drought conditions, and provides prolonged drought conditions comparable to historical droughts in the past – drought events for w
Long-term study of tree cholla demography in the Los Pinos mountains, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge
This study was initiated in 2004 by TEX Miller to quantify individual-level demographic rates of tree cholla cacti (Cylindriopuntia imbricata) at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro Co., NM. This data package spans 2004-2018, though the study is maintained through the present. In each year, censuses were conducted over several days in the last week of May and/or the first week of June. Individuals were marked with aluminum tags and tracked longitudinally through time, with annual measures of survival, size, reproductive output, and interactions with insect herbivores and mutualists (extra-floral nectar-feeding ants). For the years 2004-2008, plants were grouped into spatial blocks (T1, T2, T3) lacking defined boundaries. Beginning in 2009, the study design changed to 30m x 30m plots (Plots 1-8) with an entirely new cohort of individuals that does not overlap with the 2004-2008 data. From 2009 onward, plots were searched each year and new plants were added to the census as they were discovered. Seedlings typically require several years of growth before they are detectable in our census, so counts of new plants in a given year do not necessarily reflect recruitment in that year. The data frame is set up such that one row is a transition year (May of year t to May of year t+1) for one individual; this means that all but the first and last years’ observations occur twice, once as the start of a transition year and once as the end.
Sierra Ladrones Study Basin (SLSB) Sediment Micro Climate Research in Watersheds at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1992-1995)
To support the hydrology studies in the Sierra Ladrones Study Basin, a network of moisture potential sensors and temperature sensors wereinstalled in the stream-channel sediments and adjacent soils atvarious locations up thru the watersheds in 1992. Two rain gaugeswere also added up through the watershed gradient to complement therain gauge on the weather station (Met43) at the base of the watershedto provide a better measure of moisture inputs to these watersheds.This file contains data for 1992 to 1994.
Plant Phenology Monitoring Transects at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1991-1995)
This study was designed to monitor the occurrence of various phenological events of plant species at seven research sites on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (i.e., Black Butte, Goat Draw, Five Points, Deep Well, Rio Salado, Sepultura Canyon and Los Pinos foothills watershed (Red Tank/222)). The phenological events monitored included germination, vegetative growth, budding (flowers), flowering, fruiting, dormancy, senescence, and death. All transects were placed close to Sevilleta LTER meteorological stations, allowing the coupling of biotic and abiotic data to detect relationships between climate and phenology. Â
Coyote Scat Survey in the Chihuahuan Desert Grasslands and Creosote Shrublands at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1992-2004)
This study measured the population dynamics of coyotes in the grasslands and creosote shrublands of McKenzie Flats, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. The study was begun in January, 1992, and continued quarterly each year. Â Coyotes were sampled via scat counts along the roads of McKenzie Flats during winter, spring, summer, and fall of each year. The entire road transect was 21.5 miles in length. Scat counts over a week period (number of scats/mile/day) in each season along the roads were used to calculate the densities of coyotes (number of coyotes per square kilometer). Results from 1992 to 2002 indicated that autumn was the peak density period of the year, with generally steady declines through the year until the following autumn. Coyote populations appeared to fluctuate seasonally, but remained relatively stable at 0.27 +/- 0.03 (SE) coyotes per km2 during summer periods (this likely represents the "breeding pair" density, during which coyote pairs have set up territories and are raising young, but the pups have not as yet joined the parents in foraging activities).
Master Plant Species Information Database for the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989-1996)
This data base contains taxonomic and ecological information for the plant species on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge.
Temporal Dynamics of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Resources Within a Grassland-Creosote Ecotone at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1992-1994)
Plant communities across large portions of the southwestern United States have shifted from grassland to desert shrubland. Studies have demonstrated that soil nutrient resources become spatially more heterogeneous and are redistributed into islands of fertility with this shift in vegetation. This research addressed the additional question of whether soil resources become more temporally heterogeneous along a grassland-shrubland ecotome. Within adjacent grassland and creosotebush sites, soil profiles were described at 3 pits and samples collected for description of nutrient resources within the profile. Relative cover of plant species and bare soil were determined within each site by line transects. The top 20-cm of bare soil or soil beneath the canopy of grasses/creosotebush were collected 17 times during 1992-1994. Soil samples were analyzed for soil moisture, extractable ammonium and nitrate, nitrogen mineralization potential, microbial biomass carbon, total organic carbon, microbial respiration, dehydrogenase activity, ratio of microbial C to total C (C[mic]-to-C[org]), and microbial respiration to biomass carbon (metabolic quotient). The major differences in the structure of soils between sites were the apparent loss of a 3 to 5-cm depth of sandy surface soil at the creosotebush site and an associated increase in calcium carbonate content at a more shallow depth. Soils under plants at both sites had greater total and available nutrient resources with higher concentrations under creosotebush than under grasses. Greatest temporal variation in available soil resources was shown in soils under creosotebush. When expressed on an area basis, greater temporal variation in the total amount of available soil resources was shown in the grassland site, primarily due to greater plant cover (45% in grassland vs. 8% in creosote).
Ocotillo Plant Dimensions in the Chihuahuan Desert at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1991)
This study looks at Ocotillo (Fouqieria splendens) at the northern extent of its range in New Mexico. Gross morphological and phenological measurements are made in the field and leaves are collected for isozyme work. Questions that this study may address are: Do individuals at range edges show reduced genetic diversity relative to individuals in the heart of the range? Do population age structures(Can we age them?) differ at edges. Can we, in time, determine stasis or movement of populations? Are demographics germane to the study questions? What other methods, in addition to isozyme work will we use to get at the relative genetics of these populations?
East-West C3-C4 Grassland Biomass Fertilizer Plots in a Chihuahuan Desert Grassland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989-1992)
This dataset contains weights of vegetation biomass collected in fertilizer plots from 1989 through 1992. The data were originally collected to analyze the effects of fertilization on vegetation productivity on the Sevilleta NWR.
Pinon Branch Demography Study at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989-1993)
This project was designed to investigate the response of plant growth and reproduction to short- and long-term variation in biotic and abiotic environmental variables. Several perennial taxa, including tree (Juniperus monsperma and Pinus edulis), shrub (Larrea tridentata) and bunch grasses (Oryzopsis hymenoides (now Achnaterum hymenoides) and Sporobolus contractus) species, were monitored at 1-3 sites differing in elevation and topography as well as edaphic variables and annual precipitation. The sites represented optimal or marginal/transitional zones for particular species. Demographic measurements were made biannually, after the 'wet' (fall) and 'dry' (spring) seasons. For tree and shrub species, estimates of growth and reproduction were based on branch demography, with ten branch tips from 10-20 individuals per species per site repeatedly measured from 1989-1993. For J. monsperma, P. edulis and L. tridentata, vegetative growth (i.e., branch growth) as well as reproduction were monitored. Additional measurements included needle length for P. edulis and leaf production, leaf size and branchlet production for L. tridentata. For grasses, basal diameter, leaf length and reproduction were monitored for 100 individuals per species per site. This project, SEV006, contains only data on pinon branch demography. Data on other variables and species is contained in SEV024, SEV025, SEV026, SEV027, and SEV028.
Plant Water Potentials and Plant Physiology at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989-1992)
Physiological status of plants is monitored in conjunction with the sampling schedule outlined in Sevilleta Plant Demography. Several perennial life forms, including tree (Juniperus and Pinus), shrub (Larrea) and grass (Oryzopsis and Sporobolus), are being monitored at 1-3 of four sites which differ in elevation and topography as well as edaphic and annual precipitation characteristics. For the 1990 field season we are adding a spring annual, Lesquerella to our sampling efforts at these same sites. Currently, water status (xylem potentials, bars) is monitored twice a year, in spring (after the 'dry' season) and fall (after the 'wet' season). Three replicate measurements are made on each of 10-20 individuals per species per site. Three measurements are made at pre-dawn and midday to determine the diurnal range of values for each plant. For the 1990 field season, we will also be measuring peak photosynthetic rates for selected individuals by gas exchange measurements and porometry. Together with demographic data, this data set permits assessment of the physiological bases of plant growth and reproduction in response to short- and long-term changes in abiotic and biotic aspects of the environment.
Time Domain Reflectometry at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1996-2005)
This file contains hourly time-domain reflectometry (TDR) soil moisture data for 1996-2005. A key factor in a spatially explicit water-balance model is a measure of moisture in the soils over time. This metric is crucial for both calibration and validation of such a model. One of the best methods of measuring soil moisture on a continuous basis is TDR. Therefore, a network of TDR soil moisture sensors was installed at all meteorological stations on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge. At two of the sites the sensors were measured on an hourly basis in conjunction with the meteorological variables. At the four other sites the sensors were measured on a much less frequent basis - about every two weeks. Sensors were installed in pits in sets of five. One sensor was installed vertically adjacent to the pit to measure the top 30 cm of soil. The other four were installed horizontally in the face of the pit at 5, 10, 20, and 40 cm. Pits were then backfilled.
Deep Well Burn Line-Intercept Vegetation Transects at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1995-2009)
A natural burn occurred in the Deep Well area of McKenzie Flats in June, 1995, following which studies were initiated to evaluate the effect of fire on plant species composition and the spatial and temporal dynamics of regrowth. The burn area was approximately 24 hectares, forming a swath about 200 m wide from the initial lightning-ignition source. The fire moved in a westward direction from the ignition point, leaving a relatively straight border along the southern boundary and an irregular edge along the northern boundary. The fire was extinguished naturally.One week after the burn, four 100 m line-intercept transects were established along the southern boundary of the burn. Transects were installed perpendicular to the burn, so that 50 m lay inside the burned area and 50 m outside, in unburned grassland. The first transect (nearest the road) was placed 100 m from the west end of the burn and identified as Transect A. The remaining transects (B,C,D) were located at 200 m intervals from Transect A. Rebar was placed at 0 m, 50 m, and 100 m and these points recorded with a GPS unit. Initial measurements were made in October, 1995. In subsequent years, measurements have been made in late May and late September to evaluate the response of "cool season" and "warm season" plant species. Another fire occurred on June 24, 2001. This burn only affected the unburned southern end of one transect. A prescribed burn in 2003 did not affect the transects.
Small Mammal Exclosure Study (SMES) Ant Data from Chihuahuan Desert Grassland and Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1995-2005)
Animal consumers have important roles in ecosystems, determining plant species composition and structure, regulating rates of plant production and nutrients, and altering soil structure and chemistry. This is data for numbers and species of seed harvester ant nests mapped from each of the SMES study plots. Seed harvester ant nests were mapped on each of the study plots once each year in the autumn. Ant nest maps were drawn on to pre-designed plot diagrams. Each nest was located on the diagram in reference to one of the 36 vegetation quadrat marker posts. The distance from the post, direction from the post, and species name were plotted on the map diagram. Data such as total numbers of nests of each ant species, and spatial arrangement of nests, were then taken from the diagram maps. The following question was asked: Do small mammals interact with other herbivore and granivore consumers enough to affect the species composition and abundances of other consumers such as ants?
Reptile Populations at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1989-1990)
Reptile populations were sampled in spring and summer in various habitats: grassland, creosote shrubland, pinyon-juniper woodland, cottonwood forest, subalpine forest, and subalpine meadow. On 18 sites mark-release methods were used; on 12 sites, all animals were kept for museum specimens. Museum specimen preparations included skulls, whole skeletons, and alcohol preservations; all specimens had tissue samples (liver, heart) taken for ultra-cold preservations for genetic analyses; some were karyotyped. All museum specimens were checked for internal parasites.
Small Mammal Exclosure Study (SMES) Termite Mud Casing Data from Chihuahaun Desert Grassland and Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1996-2005)
The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the activities of small  mammals regulate plant community structure, plant species diversity, and spatial vegetation patterns in Chihuahuan Desert shrublands and grasslands. What role if any do indigenous small mammal consumers have in maintaining desertified landscapes in the Chihuahuan Desert? Additionally, how do the effects of small mammals interact with changing climate to affect vegetation patterns over time? This is data for amounts of termite mud casing measured on each of the SMES study plots. Three-dimensional measurements were made from all termite mud casing present on each of the 36 one-meter2 quadrats twice each year when vegetation was measured.
Small Mammal Exclosure Study (SMES) Cryptogamic Crust Data from Chihuahuan Desert Grassland and Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1995-2005)
The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the activities of small mammals regulate plant community structure, plant species diversity, and spatial vegetation patterns in Chihuahuan Desert shrublands and grasslands. What role if any do indigenous small mammal consumers have in maintaining desertified landscapes in the Chihuahuan Desert? Additionally, how do the effects of small mammals interact with changing climate to affect vegetation patterns over time? This is data for soil surface cover of cryptobiotic (cryptogam) crusts measured on each of the SMES study plots. Cryptobiotic crusts were measured from each of the 36 one-meter2 quadrats twice each year when vegetation was measured. Cryptobiotic crusts include lichens, mosses, algae, brown algae, and cyanobacteria that form crusts on stable soil surfaces.
Small Mammal Exclosure Study (SMES) Vegetation Line Intercept from Chihuahuan Desert Grassland and Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1995-2005)
The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the activities of small mammals regulate plant community structure, plant species diversity, and spatial vegetation patterns in Chihuahuan Desert shrublands and grasslands. What role if any do indigenous small mammal consumers have in maintaining desertified landscapes in the Chihuahuan Desert? Additionally, how do the effects of small mammals interact with changing climate to affect vegetation patterns over time? This is data for perennial plant vegetation canopy cover measured from all SMES study plots, fall 1995 and fall 2005. The purpose of this data is to provide ground-truth data for comparison with low-level aerial photographs of each study plot. Three, 29 meter lines were measured along three of six rows of the permanent vegetation measurement quadrats. Each line was measured at 10cm resolution for intercepts of perennial plant live canopy cover, and for bare ground. 10cm resolution is comparable to the resolution of the aerial photos. All plants were identified to the species level. These line-intercept measurements are taken once every ten years, at the same time that low-level aerial photographs are taken. These data will be compared to both decadal air photos, and annual measures ofvegetation from one-meter2 quadrats on each plot to provide information on vegetation change over time relative to the various animal exclosure treatments.
Small Mammal Exclosure Study (SMES) Leaf Litter Study in the Chihuahuan Desert Grassland and Shrubland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the activities of small mammals regulate plant community structure, plant species diversity, and spatial vegetation patterns in Chihuahuan Desert shrublands and grasslands. What role if any do indigenous small mammal consumers have in maintaining desertified landscapes in the Chihuahuan Desert? Additionally, how do the effects of small mammals interact with changing climate to affect vegetation patterns over time? This is data for cover of dead plant leaf litter accumulations on soil surfaces measured on each of the SMES study plots. Leaf litter cover was measured from each of the 36 one-meter2 quadrats twice each year when vegetation was measured.
Sevilleta site, station Larrea tridentata dominated sites at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, study of aboveground net primary productivity in units of gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear on a yearly timescale
The EcoTrends project was established in 2004 by Dr. Debra Peters (Jornada Basin LTER, USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range) and Dr. Ariel Lugo (Luquillo LTER, USDA-FS Luquillo Experimental Forest) to support the collection and analysis of long-term ecological datasets. The project is a large synthesis effort focused on improving the accessibility and use of long-term data. At present, there are ~50 state and federally funded research sites that are participating and contributing to the EcoTrends project, including all 26 Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites and sites funded by the USDA Agriculture Research Service (ARS), USDA Forest Service, US Department of Energy, US Geological Survey (USGS) and numerous universities. Data from the EcoTrends project are available through an exploratory web portal (http://www.ecotrends.info). This web portal enables the continuation of data compilation and accessibility by users through an interactive web application. Ongoing data compilation is updated through both manual and automatic processing as part of the LTER Provenance Aware Synthesis Tracking Architecture (PASTA). The web portal is a collaboration between the Jornada LTER and the LTER Network Office. The following dataset from Sevilleta (SEV) contains aboveground net primary productivity measurements in gramsPerMeterSquaredPerYear units and were aggregated to a yearly timescale.
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