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Manual soil moisture measurements from ten artificial forest gaps at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, North Carolina, 2000-2018

Ten artificial forest gaps were created in March 2002 at Coweeta, following two years of pretreatment data collection. Experimental gaps were created by pulling canopy trees with a winch until they were down. Trees, saplings, and seedlings were censused and tracked as part of a demography study. Soil moisture data was collected during the growing season as an explanatory variable for tree survivorship and mortality.

Spring and Fall Leaf Phenology from Coweeta LTER Soil Moisture Sites SM2 & SM4, Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, Otto, NC, 2003-2015

Spring vegetative bud break, leaf elongation, fall leaf color, and leaf senescence are monitored at the two scaffold towers located at Project 1040 soil moisture microclimate sites 2 and 4. We have identified a variety of species at the elevation extremes within the Coweeta basin for this yearly monitoring project.

Riparian Study: Soil Moisture (TDR) from the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1993 through 1995

TDR sites are located at intervals along the hillslope beginning 0-5 m from stream edge and continuing up the slope to the ridgetop near the edge of the white pines of WS 1. Originally, seventeen plots at two depths with three replicates each were installed. After the September 1995 collection, Hurricane Opal irreparably damaged three of the control plots. Fourteen plots remain and are measured on a biweekly basis.

Riparian zone seedling establishment, growth, dynamics, and the influence of Rhododendron maximum soil moisture: forest floor data at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 2000

The effect of Rhododendron maximum, a dominate species in the riparian zones of the Southern Appalachians, on carbon, water, and nutrients en route to the streams is an ongoing study in the LTER research program at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory. To study seedling establishment, growth, and dynamics in riparian zones one m2 quadrats have been established. There are four sites which include one treatment site, where the rhododendron has been removed from the riparian zone, one hurricane site, where there is extensive disturbance from Hurricane Opal, and two control sites, one upslope from the treatment site and one upstream from the hurricane site. Each of these fours sites have ten randomly located natural regeneration one m2 quadrats as well as four randomly located replicates of three adjacent one m2 quadrats. In each of the three adjacent quadrats, the litter was removed from the lower half to determine the effect of litter on the germination and growth of seedlings. Two of the adjacent quadrats have been broadcast seeded with Acer rubrum, Liriodendron tulipifera, and Quercus rubra. In one of the two quadrats that have been broadcast seeded, a predator exclusion mesh screen, 1m x 1/2m with " openings, has been installed in the quadrat to determine the effect of small mammal predation on regeneration. Quadrats were installed on 24 April 1997 and an initial vegetation survey was conducted in May 1997. All seedlings were permanently tagged at this time and quadrat physical characteristics such as slope, aspect, and distance from stream were recorded. Broadcast seeding was done on 21 May 1997. Each year censuses will be conducted in spring and fall on each quadrat and seedling species, density, age, and annual height growth will be recorded. This project will help to document the effect of Rhododendron maximum on regeneration in the riparian areas as well as the effect of hurricane disturbance on regeneration.

Hourly soil moisture, soil temperature, groundwater temperature, and groundwater stage height measurements from 9 Hillslope Study sites located in Macon County, North Carolina, within the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin

The Hillslope Study was established to directly link land use impacts to streamwater quality in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Nine sites were selected in the Little Tennessee River watershed in Macon County, NC, representing four land use types: forest, mountain development, traditional valley, and large river valley. At each of these sites, three subsurface flowpaths were identified, and four plots were established along the flowpath following the elevation gradient. At seven of the nine sites, the three lower elevation plots at one of the subsurface flowpaths had ground water wells installed in order to measure groundwater stage and temperature along an elevational gradient. Additional sensors were installed adjacent to the groundwater wells to measure soil moisture at 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm below the ground surface uphill and downhill of the well, and soil temperature at 5 cm below the ground surface. Measurements were taken every 60 seconds and output as hourly averages. Data were used as part of the Regional HydroEcological Simulation System (RHESSys) ecohydrologic model. Please see the accompanying well construction data for additional groundwater well information.

In situ soil moisture measurements for the Hillslope study from 5 sites located in Macon County, North Carolina, within the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin

This study was conducted across 5 sites that served as part of the regional hillslope study. Synoptic soil moisture measurements were measured using a Theta Probe that measures surface soil moisture up to a depth of 6cm. Site locations include 18 plots in WS14, 17 plots in Fall Branch, 13 plots in WS18, 10 plots on Mica City Road, and 12 plots at Ammons Creek. The measurement period varied among sites. The most complete is WS14 lasting about 3 years of regular measurements starting in 2011.

openCC (other)Jul 2020View details →

Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Hourly soil oxygen, moisture and temperature across soil depths and an elevation gradient in the Bear Brook watershed; 2018-2019

Denitrification is potentially a significant process of soil nitrogen removal from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) ecosystem. Its magnitude and variation can depend on physical conditions within the soil, particularly oxygen concentration, moisture, and temperature. This dataset contains continuous measurement of soil oxygen, moisture and temperature near the biogeochemical reference Watershed 6 at (HBEF). Data were collected from Campbell Scientific CR1000 dataloggers with sensors installed at 3 depths, each at a soil horizon transition and at an hourly time interval. The timeframe of the dataset is 1 year starting in July 2018 and ending in July 2019. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.

openCC (other)Jan 2020View details →

Ranunculus adoneus nutrient, soil temperature, and soil moisture data for Saddle, 1990 - 1991.

Ranunculus adoneus plants were collected biweekly from Niwot Ridge Saddle grid stake 34 during the 1990 and 1991 growing seasons. Associated plant biomass, as well as nitrogen and phosphorus levels, were determined. Soil nitrogen, phosphorus, moisture, and temperature also were measured. The relationships between these factors and mycorrhizal development were examined. Mycorrhizal development corresponded with phosphorus accumulation in R. adoneus. This accumulation occurred late in the growing season after seed set, when plants were producing new tissues for the next year and appears to allow the plants to bloom the next year when snowmelt begins. Edaphic factors such as soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil N and P levels did not correlate with patterns in mycorrhizal development. In contrast to the pattern of P uptake, R. adoneus took up nitrogen (N) very early in the growing season during snowmelt, when availablitity was high, new roots had not yet formed, and old roots contained high levels of dark septate (DS) fungus.

openCC (other)Jun 2023View details →

Potentilla plot soil moisture for Cabin Clearing, Elk Meadows and Rainbow Meadows, 2019.

To understand parent-hybrid dynamics in cinquefoil (Potentilla) species in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, I am estimating environmental overlap among parents and hybrids, interbreeding among parents and hybrids, and hybrid population growth in multiple natural populations at NWT and (not included here) the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL). Since 2018, I have been monitoring populations at Rainbow Meadows Lower, Rainbow Meadows Upper, Elk Meadows South, and Cabin Clearing - sites that vary in cinquefoil composition. In 2019, my team and I recorded reproductive phenophases (e.g., vegetative, buds, flowering, setting seed) on tagged plants in June, July, and August. When plants began flowering, we estimated floral counts. Characterizing flowering phenology of parent and hybrid species in each site sheds light on the potential for ongoing interbreeding in different environments. NWT soil moisture are provided here, demographic and phenological data are shared separately. This data was collected to test broad hypotheses about hybrid-parent dynamics in changing montane environments.

openCC (other)Apr 2022View details →

Soil moisture, temperature and relative humidity for subalpine forest permanent plots, 2017 - 2021.

We collected microclimate data for 12 permanent forest plots in subalpine forests and at alpine treeline at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. We collected soil temperature (2015-2020), air temperature (2015-2020), air relative humidity (2015-2020), and soil moisture data (2015-2019). Soil temperature, air temperature, and air relative humidity data were collected year-round, but they are not necessarily continuous during the sample period due to instrument failure. The goal of winter soil temperature data collection was to estimate snow duration. Soil moisture was collected every two weeks from 2015-2019 and continuously from June to October in three sites in 2018 and 2019. See data for periods of sampling and methods for details on sampling interval and instrumentation.

openOpenJan 2020View details →

Warming-El Nino-Nitrogen Deposition Experiment (WENNDEx): Soil Moisture Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1/2006-8/2009)

This data set provides soil moisture data in each plot of the warming experiment (see SEV176). Data are collected with automated soil moisture probes at 30-minute intervals at two soil depths under grass and bare patches in each of the 40 plots.

openCC0Aug 2021View details →

Warming-El Nino-Nitrogen Deposition Experiment (WENNDEx): Soil Temperature, Moisture, and Carbon Dioxide Data from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico

Humans are creating significant global environmental change, including shifts in climate, increased nitrogen (N) deposition, and the facilitation of species invasions. A multi-factorial field experiment is being performed in an arid grassland within the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) to simulate increased nighttime temperature, higher N deposition, and heightened El Nino frequency (which increases winter precipitation by an average of 50%). The purpose of the experiment is to better understand the potential effects of environmental drivers on grassland community composition, aboveground net primary production and soil respiration. The focus is on the response of two dominant grasses (Bouteloua gracilis and B eriopoda), in an ecotone near their range margins and thus these species may be particularly susceptible to global environmental change. It is hypothesized that warmer summer temperatures and increased evaporation will favor growth of black grama (Bouteloua eriopoda), a desert grass, but that increased winter precipitation and/or available nitrogen will favor the growth of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis), a shortgrass prairie species. Treatment effects on limiting resources (soil moisture, nitrogen availability, species abundance, and net primary production (NPP) are all being measured to determine the interactive effects of key global change drivers on arid grassland plant community dynamics and ecosystem processes. This dataset shows values of soil moisture, soil temperature, and the CO2 flux of the amount of CO2 that has moved from soil to air. On 4 August 2009 lightning ignited a ~3300 ha wildfire that burned through the experiment and its surroundings. Because desert grassland fires are patchy, not all of the replicate plots burned in the wildfire. Therefore, seven days after the wildfire was extinguished, the Sevilleta NWR Fire Crew thoroughly burned the remaining plots allowing us to assess experimentally the effects of interactions among multip

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Long-Term Global Satellite Soil Moisture from Maximized Temporal Correlations (1998-2015)

A long-term merged satellite soil moisture product spanning 1998 to 2015. An existing combination approach that maximizes temporal correlations is used to combine six passive microwave satellite soil moisture products within the period. These include the Special Sensor Microwave Imagers (SSM/I), the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM/TMI), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) sensor on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Aqua satellite, the WindSAT radiometer, onboard the Coriolis satellite and the soil moisture retrievals from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) sensor onboard the Global Change Observation Mission on Water (GCOM-W). The sixth is the microwave radiometer imager (MWRI) onboard China’s Fengyun-3B (FY3B) satellite, which is being used for the first time in a merging scheme.  For more details on the quality of the data and the methodology used, please refer to the references listed: Hagan, D.F.T.; Wang, G.; Kim, S.; Parinussa, R.M.; Liu, Y.; Ullah, W.; Bhatti, A.S.; Ma, X.; Jiang, T.; Su, B. Maximizing Temporal Correlations in Long-Term Global Satellite Soil Moisture Data-Merging. Remote Sens. 2020, 12, 2164. Kim, S.; Parinussa, R.M.; Liu, Y.Y.; Johnson, F.M.; Sharma, A. A framework for combining multiple soil moisture retrievals based on maximizing temporal correlation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2015, 42, 6662–6670.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Soil study results at Vallon de Nant : Soil moisture and soil temperature time series and granulometry results

Dataset:<ul><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/10136586/draft/files/Particule_size_distribution.csv/content">Particule_size_distribution.csv : </a> Particle size distribution obtained for 34 samples in Vallon de Nant. Please refer to the pdf report for technical information. Columns description :  point,depth= identification of the point. Please refer to the pdf notice size (in micrometers) : Particle size ranging from 0.003mum to 2 mm value (in %) :  Fraction of the material volume corresponding to the size USDAclass : Soil class according to the USDA classification for each sample  </li><li><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/records/10136586/draft/files/measure_T_HU_5TM_3stations.csv/content">measure_T_HU_5TM_3stations.csv :</a> Hourly soil moisture and soil temperature measurements at 3 points and different depths in the catchment.  Please refer to the pdf report for technical information. Columns description :  Time,Hour : recording time stamp portX_HU : Soil moisture recorded at the X slot. Please refer to the notice for sensor depth. portX_T : Soil temperature recorded at the X slot. Station : Name of the measurement point (Auberge, Chalet or LaChaux). Auberge and LaChaux are at the exact same location than the corresponding weather stations. Chalet point is on the left bank on the river, near little bridge. Please refer to the pdf notice.</li></ul>

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

NOAA PSL Soil Moisture and Surface Temperature Probe Data for SPLASH

This dataset contains measurements from a hand-held FieldScout TDR Soil Moisture Meter within the 0-10 cm soil depth of: Time (UTC), GPS locations, Electrical Conductivity (EC), compensated percent volumetric water content (VWC), soil surface temperature (T), and rod length (inches) obtained during the Study of Precipitation, the Lower Atmosphere, and Surface for Hydrology (SPLASH) campaign sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).  These data were collected around the SPLASH campaign areas near Avery Picnic (38.972425 degrees N,106.996855 degrees W) and Kettle Ponds (38.942005 degrees N,106.973006 degrees W) in the East River Watershed in Colorado from between June 1st, 2022 and September 18th, 2023, under support from the NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory and NOAA Weather Program Office under award NA21OAR4590363.Two file formats are provided: one version is text csv format and the second version is in NetCDF.Volumetric water content calculations: Data were calibrated and adjusted, with a soil-specific sample set, to improve accuracy and compensate for the meter's default "standard" soil type used in the sampling.  VWC data was correlated by measuring the weight of a known volume of soil from a range of saturation values. Samples were measured and weighed, dried at 105 degrees C for 48 hours, then weighed again. Calculations of VWC (VWC = 100*(Mwet - Mdry)/(w*Vtot) )were plotted against TDR readings.  Where: Mwet, Mdry = mass (g) of wet and dry soil respectively Vtot = total soil volume (ml) w = density of water (1g/ml) A regression analysis  to correlate TDR readings to the samples is below and was applied to the dataset.vwc_calculated = vwc_probe * slope + interceptslope = 1.20665, intercept = 0.0837017 m3/m3, slope_std_error = 0.09229, intercept_std_error = 0.0217403 m3/m3Definitions:TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry): A technique for measuring soil moisture content that uses the fact that water has a much higher dielectric permittivity than air, soil minerals, and organic matter. VWC (Volumetric Water Content): The ratio of the volume of water in a given volume of soil to the total soil volume expressed as a decimal or a percentage. The percent of the soil volume that is filled with water. At saturation, the VWC will equal the soil porosity (Saturation is typically around 50%).EC (Electrical Conductivity): A measure of how well the soil solution conducts electricity. The EC is influenced by the amount of salt and water in the soil. The VWC measured by TDR is an average over the length of the waveguide. Soil Characteristics:Soil at both Kettle Ponds (KEP1 and KPA) locations and Avery Picnic (AYP) were lab tested for composition as follows:Sample ID       Depth(in.)       Sand(%)     Silt(%)     Clay(%)     Soil Texture------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  KEP1               2                      43                35            22              LoamAYP                 2                      40                35            25              LoamKPA                 2                      35                42            22              Loam------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

SMAP Daily Seamless Soil Moisture Products from 2015 to 2022 (Physics-constrained Gap-filling Method,PhyFill)

The launch of Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite in 2015 has resulted in significant achievements in global soil moisture mapping. Nonetheless, spatiotemporal discontinuities in the soil moisture products have arisen due to the limitations of its orbit scanning gap and retrieval algorithms. To address this issue, this dataset presents a physics-constrained gap-filling method, shortly named PhyFill. The PhyFill method employs a partial convolutional neural network to explore spatial domain features of the original SMAP soil moisture data. Then, it incorporates variations in soil moisture induced by precipitation events and dry-down events as penalty terms in the loss function, thereby accounting for monotonicity and boundary constraints in the physical processes governing the dynamic fluctuations of soil moisture. The PhyFill model was applied to SMAP soil moisture data, resulting in continuous daily soil moisture data on a global scale. The core validation sites demonstrated that the reconstructed soil moisture data has a consistent ubRMSE compared with the original SMAP soil moisture data. The PhyFill method can generate globally continuous, high-accuracy soil moisture estimates, providing remarkable support for advanced hydrological applications, e.g., global soil moisture dry-down events and patterns.

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Data from: High temperatures and low soil moisture synergistically reduce switchgrass yields from marginal field sites and inhibit fermentation

'Marginal lands' are low productivity sites abandoned from agriculture for reasons such as low or high soil water content, challenging topography, or nutrient deficiency. To avoid competition with crop production, cellulosic bioenergy crops have been proposed for cultivation on marginal lands, however on these sites they may be more strongly affected by environmental stresses such as low soil water content. In this study we used rainout shelters to induce low soil moisture on marginal lands and determine the effect of soil water stress on switchgrass growth and the subsequent production of bioethanol. Five marginal land sites that span a latitudinal gradient in Michigan and Wisconsin were planted to switchgrass in 2013 and during the 2018-2021 growing seasons were exposed to reduced precipitation under rainout shelters in comparison to ambient precipitation. The effect of reduced precipitation was related to the environmental conditions at each site and biofuel production metrics (switchgrass biomass yields and composition and ethanol production). During the first year (2018), the rainout shelters were designed with 60% rain exclusion, which did not affect biomass yields compared to ambient conditions at any of the field sites, but decreased switchgrass fermentability at the Wisconsin Central - Hancock site. In subsequent years, the shelters were redesigned to fully exclude rainfall, which led to reduced biomass yields and inhibited fermentation for three sites. When switchgrass was grown in soils with large reductions in moisture and increases in temperature, the potential for biofuel production was significantly reduced, exposing some of the challenges associated with producing biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass grown under drought conditions.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in Changes in soil moisture and riparian forest structure after a dam construction

Fig. 1. Satellite image of a riparian forest on southern Brazil. Study area image with square showing plots locations. A = Spillway and the beginning of Reduced Outflow Stretch, A' = end of Reduced Outflow Stretch, B = hydroeletric dam, B' = end of hydroelectric dam, C = artificial lake created by dam, D = river patch returns to normal flow. The square ilustrates the study area.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Fig. 3 in Changes in soil moisture and riparian forest structure after a dam construction

Fig. 3. Major changes that drives the community changes. Before river diversion, the sectors near the river had greater basal areas because they had many thick trees while distant sectors had thin trees (the density was statistically similar). After four years of river diversion, there were many trunks of still alive trees and dead trees in the sector closer to the river. Even with high growth, the basal area in this sector was severely reduced and became similar to the distant sector (which already has small basal area).